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摘 要
本次设计的题目是履带式液压挖掘机挖掘机构。与其它类型的挖掘机相比，这种类型的挖掘机因有良好通过性能应用最广，对松软地面或沼泽地带还可采用加宽、加长以及浮式履带来降低接地比压。
液压挖掘机的主要特点为：能无级调速且调速范围大，能得到较低的稳定转速，快速作用时，液压元件产生的运动惯性小，加速性能好，并可作高速反转，传动平稳，结构简单，可吸收冲击和振动，操纵省力，易实现自动化控制，易于实现标准化、系列化、通用化。
本次设计的主要参数是斗容量0.2m3,它属于中小型液压挖掘机，主要设计挖掘机的工作装置、液压传动原理。
在设计中，采用了履带式行走装置，来满足要求。上部转台是全回转式，因此它可在一个更大的范围内工作。又因采用液压传动控制而使整机性能得以改善。与机械式挖掘机相比，其挖掘力提高到2～3倍，整机质量约为5吨，挖掘力约为30kN，最大卸载高度约为2.65m，最大挖掘深度4.2m，最大挖掘半径约为5.728m，从中可以看出整机作业能力有了很大的改进，不仅挖掘力大，且机器重量轻，传动平稳，作业效率高，结构紧凑。另外，还对挖掘机的工作装置提出基于结构推理的机构方案创新设计方法。
关键词：液压挖掘机 ；挖掘机构 ；液压系统
ABSTRACT
This designed topic is the marching hydraulic excavator excavational organization. Compared with other types excavators, this kind of type excavator used very universal that because has good through theperformance, also may use to lengthens widens as well as the floating type caterpillar band to reduce pressure for the soft ground or the bogregion.
The hydraulic excavator main characteristic is: not only can adjust s the stepless speed but also can adjust scope very big, can obtain a lower stable rotational speed, when action quickly, the hydraulic parts produce inertia small, accelerational theperformance good,and may make the high speed reverse, the transmission steady,structure simple, may absorb attacks and vibrates, the operation reduces effort, and to be easy to realize the automated control, is easy to realize the standardization, the seriation, the universalization.
This designed main parameter is scoop capacity 0.2m3, it is long to the middle and small scale hydraulic excavator, mainly design the excavator，s the work installment and the hydraulic transmissionprinciple.
In the design, used marching walked the installment to satisfied request. Upside the turnplate is the entire rotation , thereof it may work in a greater scope. And further because uses the hydraulicsteering to enable the entire machine performance to improve. Compared with the mechanical type excavator, its excavation strength enhance to 2 ~ 3 times, the entire machine weight approximately is 5 tons,the excavation strength approximately is 30kN, the biggest unloading high approximately is 2.65m, biggest digging depth is 4.2m, the biggest excavation radius approximately is 5.728m, thus can see the entire machine work ability to have the very big improvement, not only excavation strength big, but also machine weight light, transmission steadyly, work efficiency is high, the structure is compact. Moreover, but also proposes to the excavator work installment based on the structureinference organization plan innovation design method.
Key word：Hydraulic excavator ；Excavation organization ；Hydraulic system
目 录
1 绪论1
1.1液压挖掘机的工作特点和基本类型2
1.1.1液压挖掘机的主要优点2
1.1.2液压挖掘机的基本类型及主要特点3
1.2液压挖掘机的发展概况4
1.2.1国外液压挖掘机目前水平及发展趋势4
1.2.2国内液压挖掘机的发展概况4
1.3本次设计概述5
1.4反铲装置的工作原理5
1.5本次设计任务6
2 总体设计方案7
2.1工作装置设计方案原则7
2.2液压系统设计方案原则（总体）7
2.2.1单斗液压挖掘机作业过程8
2.2.2对液压系统作业动作要求8
2.2.3对液压系统基本的要求8
3 挖掘机的工作装置设计10
3.1确定动臂、斗杆、铲斗的结构形式10
3.1.1确定动臂的结构形式10
3.1.2确定斗杆的结构形式11
3.1.3 确定铲斗的结构形式和斗齿安装结构11
3.1.4铲斗与铲斗液压缸的连接方式13
3.2确定动臂、斗杆、铲斗油缸的铰点布置14
3.2.1动臂油缸的布置14
3.2.2斗杆油缸的布置16
3.2.3铲斗油缸的布置16
3.3动臂、斗杆、铲斗机构参数的选择17
3.3.1反铲装置总体方案的选择17
3.3.2机构自身几何参数18
3.3.3斗形参数的选择20
3.3.4 动臂机构参数的选择24
3.3.5斗杆机构参数的选择29
3.3.6连杆、摇臂参数的选择31
4 挖掘机液压系统设计32
4.1确定液压系统类型32
4.2液压系统的计算和液压元件的选择33
4.2.1系统主参数的确定33
4.2.2挖掘机液压缸作用力的确定33
4.3液压系统初步计算41
4.3.1工作装置传动计算41
4.3.2行走机构传动计算43
4.3.3回转机构传动计算45
4.3.4液压泵参数选择和发动机功率计算45
4.3.5主油管管径和油箱容量46
5 工作装置的强度计算48
5.1斗杆的计算48
5.2动臂的计算57
6 液压挖掘机机构结构创新设计59
6.1基于结构推理的方案创新设计过程模型59
6.2液压挖掘机机构方案创新设计60
结 论67
参考文献68
致 谢69
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