八年级英语上知识清单.doc

八 年 级 英 语 上 知 识 清 单Unit(one-eight)2012-11-7八年级英语上知识清单Unit 1 Will people have robots?(知识清单)短语比赛1.在人们的家里 in peoples homes2.在家电脑上学习 study at home on computers3.活到200岁 live to be 200 years old.4.较少的空闲时间 less free time5.将会有更多的污染 there will be more pollution6.可数名词 countable nouns7.五年后 in five years8.更多的高楼大厦 more tall buildings9.电脑程序师 a computer programmer10.太空站 space station11.一些，少许 a little12.爱上 fall in love with13.许多不同的宠物 many different pets14.在周末 at the weekends15.能够 be able to16.世界杯 the World Cup17.在将来 in the future18.好几百 hundreds of19.寻找 look for20.为自己工作 work for myself21.许多著名的预言 many famous predictions22.实现 come true23.最大的电影公司 he biggest movie companies24.和一样 the same as .25.让某人做某事 make sb. do sth.26.帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth.27.将会有更少的人口吗? Will there be less pollution? 28.是的,有/不,没有 Yes,there will/No,there wont 29.孩子们不去学校 Kids wont go to school.30.agree with sb. /agree to do sth. 与某人意见一致/同意做某事31.Predicting the future can be difficult. 预测未来可能很难。32.takes sb. +时间/金钱+to do sth. 做某事花费某人时间/金钱33.Would like sb. to do sth. 愿意做某事 34.Its +形容词+for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事二、语法知识（一）一般将来时的构成：will +动词原形 肯定句： She will come to have class tomorrow. 一般疑问句：Will she come to have class tomorrow? Yes, she will. No, she wont . 否定句：She wont come to have class tomorrow. 特殊疑问句：What will she do tomorrow? （二）There be结构表示某处有某物。 have 表示某人拥有某物。用法：1.一般将来时There is going to be a meeting tonight.（计划和安排） There will be fewer trees .（必然的趋势） 2.一般过去时 There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。 3.一般现在时 There are already robots in factories.注：There be结构的就近原则：动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后真正的主语一致。 e.g. There is a book and two pens on the desk.There are two pens and a book on the desk. There was a cat and two dogs in the old house.There were three girls and a baby in the room.Unit 2 What should I do ?（知识清单）短语记忆比赛：1.想让某人干某事 want sb. to do sth. / would like sb. to do sth.2.足够多的钱/年龄足够大 enough money / old enough3.和某人争吵 argue with sb./ have an argument with sb.4.和某人打架 fight with sb. / have a fight with sb.5.时髦的 in style6.不时髦的 out of style7.给某人写信 write sb. a letter / write ( a letter ) to sb.8.给某人打电话 call sb. up9.一张球赛的票 a ticket to a ball game10.使某人惊奇 surprise sb.11.和某人谈论 talk about sth with sb.12.在通话 talk on the phone13.喜欢干某事 like doing sth.14.付款 pay for 15.夏令营/运动野营 summer camp / sports camp16.找一份兼职工作 get a parttime job17.从借 borrowfrom18.把借给. lendto 19.卖烧烤食品 have a bake sale20.青少年论坛 Teen Talk21.给某人买东西 buy sb. sth / buy sth for sb.22.给某人某物 give sb. sth. / give sth to sb.23.向某人要 ask sb. for sth.24.加入俱乐部 join a club25.让某人干某事 get sb. to do sth.26.请一个家教 get a tutor to come to my home27.与一样 /与不同 be the same as / be different from 28.告诉某人干某事 tell sb. to do sth.29.查明 find out30.为我最好的朋友计划生日晚会 plan a birthday party for my best friend31.邀请某人干某事 invite sb. to do sth.32.邀请他打网球 invite him to play tennisUnit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived ?（知识清单）1.experience 不可数名词：经验 He has much experience as an engineer. 可数名词：经历 I had some interesting experiences in the countryside. 2.happen/take placehappen常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”。既可指愉快的事，也可指不愉快的事。常可表示“碰巧；恰好”之意。如：sth.happen to sb. 某人发生某事 What happened to you? take place通常指“（某事）按计划进行或按计划发生。”此外还有“举行”之意。如：The meeting will take place next Friday. 3.take off 起飞 4.get out of 从 中出来 5.follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人做某事 f ollow sb. to sw. 跟随某人去某地6.come in 进入7.hear about 听说8.in front of 在的前面（两者互不包括） in the front of 在的前部（包括与被包括关系）9.a very unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历10.jump down 跳下来11.run away 逃跑12.in silence 默默地13.in modern American history 在美国当代史上14.sleep late 睡懒觉15.call the police 给警察打电话16.at the doctors 在诊所里17.walk home 步行回家18.take place 发生Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.（知识清单）一、复习并记忆下列内容。1.为难过 be sorry for 2.首先 first of all3.传递信息 pass on the message4.感到不舒服 feel sick5.照料，照顾 care for6.数学学得好 do well in math(be good at math)7.使某人做某事 make sb. do sth.8.克服它 get over it9.开阔学生的眼界 open up the studentseyes to the outside world10.回到该地区 return to the area11.对生气 be mad at (be angry with )12.不再 notanymore13.第二天 the next day14.把某物传给某人 pass on sth. to sb.15.健康 in good health16.紧张 get nervous17.期末考试 end-of-year exams18.大打一架 have a big fight19.养成坏习惯 start a bad habit20.处于危险中 in danger二、记忆下列句子。1. What happened on the soap operas last night?2. Lana said ( that) she wasnt mad at Marcia anymore.3. Im better at reading than listening.4. Its not right for you to copy others homework.5. Im sorry to hear that he had a cold last night.6. I finished my end-of-year exams last week.7. The good news is that my math teacher said I was hard-working.8. I was surprised to find (that) my worst report was from my science teacher.9. I was sure that she would get over it.10. She said (that) she didnt want to be my best friend anymore.11. She asked me if she could copy my homework.12. I had a really hard time with science this semester.13. You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it.14. She said (that) helping others changed her life15. Both she and her husband thought this was a good idea.Unit 5 If you go to the party, youll have a great time!(知识清单)一重点单词1.flower: 花 （可数名词）例句：Ill buy my mother some flowers for her birthday.我将买些花为母亲过生日。2.against:反对（介词）例句：Our school basketball team will play against No.5 Middle school team next week.我们学校篮球队下周将和第五中学的篮球队进行对抗赛。3.chance:机会（可数名词）例句：We should catch each chance when it comes. 当机会来的时候我们应抓住它。4.tonight今晚（名词）例句well go to the movie tonight.今晚我们将会去看电影。5.spend花费(动词) spend on sth/spend(in) dong sth.例句：I spent five Yuan on the book. 这本书我花了五块钱。I spend a lot of time playing with my daughter. 花费大量的时间陪我的女儿玩。 6.remember记得（动词）remember doing sth./ remember to do sth.例句:I remember meeting you somewhere before.我记得以前在某个地方见过你。Please remember to close the window when you leave.当你离开的时候请记者关窗子。7.let 让（使役动词后跟动词原形做宾补）例句:Lets play together. 8.organize组织（动词）例句:They organized an organization to help the poor.他们组织了一个组织帮助那些穷人。二重点短语1.take away 拿走例句：The teacher took away my model plane in the class.课堂上老师拿走了我的飞机模型。 2.around the world 在世界各地 例句：My wish is to be a writer. 3.make a living谋生 例句：The old man makes a living by buying newspaper. 4.all the time一直 例句：The population of China is increasing all the time.5.have a great time 玩得高兴例句：We had a great time in the park yesterday. 6.go to college上大学例句： H is mother wishes him to go to college one day. 7.get injured受伤例句：A professional athlete often gets injured during his life. 8.have a difficult time doing sth很费力做某事 例句:I had a difficult time studying English last year. 9.have problems with sth在某些方面有麻烦例句：The little girl has problems with her schoolwork. 10.be famous for 以著名 例句：He is famous for his fine acting. be famous as 作为著名 例句：She is famous as a writer. 11.enough 足够 修饰名词作定语时放在名词前；修饰形容词、副词或动词时一般放在被修饰词的后面。如：enough tme, fast enough, cook enoughUnit6 How long have lyou been collecting shells?(知识清单)重点单词 1.since prep. conj. 自从；自以来辨析：since/ for 1）两词引导的短语可以表示一段时间，对其提问用how long2)since后面接时间点，或时间状语从句。重点句型： It is/has been .since. 3)for后接时间段。Eg. He has been learning English since two years ago.自从两年前他就学习英语。He has been learning English for two years. 他学习英语两年了。 2. collect v.收集；搜集辨析：collection n.收集；搜集 collector n.收藏家Eg .How long have you been collecting coins? 你收集硬币多长时间了？3.raise v. 筹集；筹募 辨析：raise/rise 这两个单词都有“举起，上升”的意思，但用法不同。1）raise 是及物动词，后面一定有宾语。2）rise是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语。Eg. We often raise money for charity. 我们经常为慈善筹款。The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 4.thousand n.一千辨析：在表示具体数目时，hundred, thousand, million, billion用单数。在表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”、“数十亿”等不确定数目时在hundreds ,thousands ,millions,billions后接“of + 名词复数”。Eg. Our school is not big. There are only hundreds of students.我们学校不大，只有数百名学生。 5.quite adv. 相当，十分辨析：quite + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数，quite +形容词+可数名词复数Eg. You are quite a beautiful girl.你是一个相当漂亮的女孩。6. foreigner n.外国人辨析：foreign adj.外国的，外国人的Eg. Lots of foreigners visit the Great Wall every day. 每天大量的外国人来参观长城。7. capital n. 省会，首都辨析：the capital of -Eg. Jinan is the capital of Shandong Province. 济南是山东省的省会。8. room n.辨析：表“房间”时，是可数名词；表“空间”时，是不可数名词。Eg. There is no enough room for all the people on the bus. (表“空间”) There are 5 rooms in this building.（表“房间”）重点短语1. apairof 一双辨析：“a/this/that pair of + 可数名词复数” 作句子主语时谓语动词用单数。Eg.This pair of shoes is mine. 这双鞋子是我的。 2. runoutof 用完、用尽 E.g. Lucy ran out of her money. 露西用光了她的钱。3. bytheway 顺便说一句/顺便问一下Eg.By the way, wheres the nearest hospital? 顺便问一下，最近的医院在哪儿？4.beinterestedin 对感兴趣 E.g. I am very interested in this book. 我对这本书很感兴趣。5.three years and a half / three and a half years 三年半Eg. We have been collecting stamps for three years and a half / three and a half years.我们集邮三年半了。Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?(知识清单)重点单词1.allow v.允许，准许（1）allow sb (not) to do sth. 允许某人(不)做某事 They dont allow people to swim in the lake.他们不允许人们在湖里游泳。（2）allow doing sth 允许做某事We dont allow smoking here .我们不允许有人在此吸烟。（3）be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事Teenagers shouldnt be allowed to go out at night.青少年不应该被允许夜间外出。2.voice n.声音 与之相近的词有sound ,noise (1)voice 指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音。My English teacher has a loud voice.我的英语老师大嗓门。 (2)sound 泛指人们听到的大自然的任何声音，可以指人和动物的声音，也可指物体碰撞发出的声音等。I dont like the sound of that song.我不喜欢那首歌的调子。(3)noise 指人们不愿听到的、不悦耳的“嗓音”，如嘈杂声、喧哗声、吵闹声等。There is too much noise in the class. 这课堂太嘈杂了。3.return v. 归还，返还（1）return sth. 归还某物 When will you return my book ?(2) return sth to sb. 把某物归给某人 He returned my book to me yesterday.(3) 与词组give back 同义： He returned the book to the library yesterday.= He gave the book to the library yesterday.重点短语1.turn down 把调低，关小Could you please turn down the TV ? Its too noisy.请你把电视调低点，太吵了。与turn 相关的重点短语有：turn up 放大，调高（声音等）turn on 开，打开turn off 关掉turn over 把翻过来turn in 上交2. pick up(1)捡起、拿起（某物）Could you please help me pick up my pen ?请你帮我捡起我的钢笔好吗？(2) 用车来接Ill pick you up at your home tomorrow. 明天我会开车到你家接你。与put 有关的重要短语有：put away 放好, 收起来 put on 穿上, 把.放在上put up 举起, 抬起 put down 放下,写下来put out 熄灭 put off 推迟，放下 3.get annoyed 变得生气 get annoyed with sb. 对某人气恼 get annoyed at/about sth. 对某事气恼Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf ?（知识清单）重点单词 1.suggest v. suggestion n. 建议，提议suggestion 可数 some suggestions 一些建议advice 不可数 a piece of advice 一条建议 2.person n. 人 personal adj. 私人的，个人的 a personal letter 私人信件 3.receive收到 accept 接受 She received a present but she didnt want to accept it.她收到一份礼物但她不想接受。4.enough 足够的 形容词 + enough Thats not interesting enough. 那不够有趣。 enough + 名词 I dont have enough money. 我没有足够的钱。5.cost v. 花费（钱） 主语必须是 “物” 或 “事” The book cost me 30 yuan.这本书花了我30元。拓展：花费（时间或金钱）的其他表达法 (1)take表示“花费”时，其主语一般是 “一件事” 用it 做形式主语。It takes me 10 minutes to get to school. 去上学花费我十分钟时间。(2)spe