英语写作专项突破.docx

天翼教育培训学校写作专项突破 高考书面表达评分细则及应对方案1）评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定最后的分值。2）词数少于80或多于120的，从总分中扣除2分。3） 评分时应注意的主要内容：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。4）拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5）如书写较差以致影响评卷，分数则降低一个档次一 词汇突破二句式突破a、 长短句原则As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.b、 主题句原则To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly。c、 一二三原则1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：俗) 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：俗) 3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：俗) 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：俗) 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) 10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!d、 短语优先原则I cannot bear it. -I want it. -汉译英练习：买一本最新的版本是明智的.他只好自己解决所有的问题.e、 多实少虚原则f、 多变句式原则1)加法(串联)都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover2)转折(拐弯抹角) The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding3)因果(so, so, so)讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go, Why he goes away.5)附加(多此一举)就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I dont enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语-要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句-借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。6)排比(排山倒海句) Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!g、 挑战极限原则既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀!原理：在大家写的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果你可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪!经典句型：1.表示好处1)It has the following advantages.2)It does us a lot of good.3)It benefits us quite a lot.4)It is beneficial to us.5)It is of great benefit to us.实际操练：书像朋友。他们能帮助我们更加了解世界，开阔我们的头脑并且拓宽我们的视野。2.表示原因1)There are three reasons for this.2)The reasons for this are as follows.3)The reason for this is obvious.4)The reason for this is not far to seek.5)The reason for this is that.6)We have good reason to believe that.实际操练:有三个原因来解释我们生活当中的变化。首先，人们生活水准有了很大的提高；第二，大多数人收入可观，并且能够支付他们所需所爱；最后但并不是最不重要的(一点)是越来越多的人更享受现代的生活。3.表示坏处1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.2)It does us much harm.3)It is harmfulto us.实际操练：然而，凡事都有两方面。电视对我们也有坏处。电视能伤害我们的健康并且如果我们看太多的电视会把我们变得懒惰。4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible)for sb.to do sth.2)We think it necessary to do sth.3)It plays an important role in our life.实践操练：现在各个地方都在用电脑，不论是在政府，在学校或是商业。我们有好的理由去说电脑已经在我们的生活中扮演越来越重要的角色了并且我们已经跨入了电脑时代。5.表示措施1)We should take some effective measures.2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.实践操练：我们当前所遇到的问题变得越来越严重。因此，我们必须要采取措施解决它。6.表示变化1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2)A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications.3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.实践操练：在过去的五年里人们的饮食发生了变化。这一变化的主要原因并不是难以寻找的。现今，越来越多的人们正在经历着为维生素而从谷物转变到蛋白质，为了获取维他命从水果和蔬菜到牛奶。7.表示事实、现状1)We cannot ignore the fact that.2)No one can deny the fact that.3)There is no denying the fact that.4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5)However，thats not the case.实践操练：我们无法忽视这样一个事实，工业带来的污染问题。为解决这个问题，我们以教育公众污染的危害为开始。作为一部分的政府也应该制定一些更严厉的政策提升到一个更清洁的环境。8.表示比较1)Compared with A，B.2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3)There is a striking contrast between them.例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise.9.表示数量1)It has increased(decreased)from.to.2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800，000.3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.例如：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.再如：From the graph listed above，itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000。10.表示看法1)People have(take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth.2)People have different opinions on this problem.3)People take different views of(on)the question.4)Some people believe that.Others argue that.例如：People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.11.表示结论1)In short，it can be said that .2)It may be briefly summed up as follows.3)From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that .注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句;例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。12.套语1)Its well known to us that .2)As is known to us，.3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about.4)From the graph(table，chart)listed above，it can be seen that .5)As aproverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way.三 文体突破应用文(PRACTICAL WRITING)大家对应用文这一问题应该不算陌生，应用文体是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的文体。书信、通知、请柬、便条、日记、演讲稿、履历表等都是常见的应用文体。那么，应用文体的写作要点是什么呢：1. 应用文的语言一般来说都比较规范，有它们特定的语言表达方式，在平时就要积累不同文体的常见套话。（如开头和结尾的套话要运用恰当，符合文体特点。）2. 应用文的目的在于传达给众人基本信息，如理由、时间、地点、参加人、活动内容等，在写作时要注意这些要点的明确体现。3. 应用文的语言重在实用，力求语言平实、准确、简洁，句子不要过长，让读者一眼就明白文章想要表达的要点。4. 不同的文体会采用不同的时态，如：日记一般用过去时，通知和请柬采用一般现在时和将来时等。我们通过一个话题来找到如何在应用文写作上得高分的窍门：1. 投诉/批评/抱怨信谋篇（构思文章）：1。开门见山指明所投诉的具体事件，及个人身份提示、投诉点提示。 2。讲问题清晰、简介、公正的描述出来，指出事件给你带来的不便，即事情的来龙去脉。 3。感谢对方关注你的投诉，清楚的表明你想如何表明该问题，并期待对方尽早解决问题。词汇与词组：complaint投诉； in the hope of希望； a large variety of 花样众多； hardly put up with/bear不能忍受； the deterioration of the services服务糟糕常用开头语1. 相当于中文的“敬君者”。I beg to inform you that .I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that .I have the honor to address you that .I write in a hurry to inform you that .I have the pleasure to tell you that .Im very much delighted to inform you that .2. 相当于中文的“接读某月某日来信，一切知悉”。I thank you very much for your letter of May 20th .Your letter of May 20th has been received with thanks.It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind letter of May 20th.In answer to your kind letter of May 20th, I deeply regret that .I have received your kind letter of May 20th.Words cant express my delight on finding your favor of yesterday on my desk this morning.Your letter dated May 20th has been received.常用结尾语采用三种方法：1. 采用分词短语：句末用逗号，不用句号。如：Waiting for your good news,Looking forward to your early reply,Hoping to hear from you soon,Regretting that I cant give you a more favorite reply,Regretting the trouble Im causing you,Wishing you every success,Wishing you a pleasant journey,Wishing you a happy New Year,2. 采用介词短语，如：With best wishes,With kind regards to your family,With best wishes to you and yours,With best wishes for your success and happiness,With best wishes for your success in your new field of work,With best regards and wish you all success,With warmest regards,With best regards to you and your family,With the seasons greetings,3. 采用完整句子，如：We are waiting for your good news.I hope to receive your early reply.We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.I thank you very much for services, and wish you continued success.（6）结束语（Complimentary close）结束语的一般写法如下：业务书信常用Yours faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours truly, Truly yours, Sincerely yours, 公函常用：Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours sincerely, 私人书信常用：Sincerely yours, Yours ever sincerely, Yours affectionately, Yours ever,给亲戚朋友的信常用：Love, All my love, Your (ever) loving son/ daughter/ cousin, etc.Yours affectionate nephew, Lovingly, Lovingly yours,模板Dear_, I am_,I am writing to you in order to_. I_,but the problem isthat_.Firstly/Atfirst/First,_,Secondly/Then,_.Thirdly,_.I am not willing to complain to you, but_.To tell you the truth/Honestly speaking,_. For this purpose, I think_. Thank you for your valuable time and I will be thankful too if you_. Sincerely yours, Signature真题：(08湖北)假设你是卜曼宜，你购买了一部某外国公司生产的手机，因有质量问题要求该公司更换。请根据下列要点，用英文写一封电子邮件。 要点： 1，问题：手机不响铃，不能发短信；该产品售完，无法更换；型号新，无配件无法维修。2，要求：公司应尽快予以更换。 注意： 1，字数为100字左右； 2，参考词汇：配件spare part; 3，电子邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好； 4，已给出的电子邮件的开头和结尾不得抄入答题卡范文Dear_sir_, I am_Bu Manyi_,I am writing to you in order to_tell you something about the mobile phone of Dephone-S250_. I_bought it on 20th Apr.2008 at Tele Mall in Wuhan, P.R.China_,but the problem is that_ten days after I bought it, it didnt ring and send short message_. Firstly/At first/First,_I took it to the seller, but was told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one_, Secondly/Then,_I went to the repairman_.Thirdly,_he said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare part_.I am not willing to complain to you, but_I am so desperate on hearing that_. To tell you the truth/Honestly speaking,_how can I wait that long?_ For this purpose, I think_that you send me a new one of the model within a month_. Thank you for your valuable time and I will be thankful too if you_can help me_. Sincerely yours, Signature例 假设你是李华，曾在美国学习半年，现已回国。你想联系你的美国老师Mr。Smith，但没有其他联系方式。请根据以下要点给你的美国同学Tom写一封信：1 感谢Tom对你英语学习的帮助；2 询问Mr. Smith的近况并索要其联系方式3 邀请Tom在春节期间来中国感受中国文化 注意：1 字数不少于100字 2 可适当增加细节范文：Dear Tom,_ Yours, Li Hua 记叙文 （NARRATIVE） 记叙文一般指具有故事类性质的文章。它可以是写某某人；记某某事情、事件等，我们常见的如人物传奇、人物专访、新闻人物；琐事轶闻、历史故事、事件报道、新闻报导、新闻综述、神话故事等都属于记叙文 写事的记叙文写作要抓住记叙文的六个要素，即：时间 (when)、地点 (where)、人物 (who)、事件 (what)、原因 (why)和过程 (how)。即：五个“W”和一个“H”。记叙活动的记叙文书面表达，往往都要求以活动的时间为序，丝扣入理，层层推进，完备其文体所要求的各个环节。【Example 1】根据下列图画中Tom骑自行车的经历，用英语写一篇短文。短文要写得连贯、完整。字数100字左右。词： to ride a bike to hit his bike and fall off句：Tom was riding a bike along the street. The car hit his bike and he fell off it.文：The other day, Tom was riding along the street. Suddenly, a car was running towards him fast and hit his bike, then he fell off it.The other day, Tom was riding along the street. Suddenly, a car was running towards him fast. He was so frightened that he quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit his bike and he fell off it. When the driver realized that he had caused an accident, he got such a fright that he took flight with his car. He was soon out of sight, leaving Tom helpless on the spot. Fortunately a passer-by happened to see what had happened and remembered the number of the car. He reported that to the police. Now the driver has been caught and will be punished for his wrong doing.【exercise】你的英国朋友正在做一个课题；世界各地的生日庆祝方式。他请你介绍中国学生过生日的方式。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文：一、通常方式1生日聚会2生日礼物3生日祝福二、我认为更有意义的庆祝方式和理由 *词数100-120 Improve this composition, try!Now students in China celebrate their birthdays in many ways. Usually, a party is held. Best friends and relatives will come to the party. They usually buy a gift. They show their best wishes. Sometimes, people send short messages too and it is becoming very popular. But I think that its better to help other people. We know that its important to learn to help other people. Helping other people can do us a lot of good. People will help you because youve helped them and youll be happy议论文 (EXPLANATION)一、段落设置注意： Para 1: 3-4 sentences Para 2: 7-8 sentences Para 3: 4-5 sentences二、写作话题1.宏观话题：城乡差异、代沟、友谊、爱心、健康、生态环境、文化、工作。2.微观话题： WTO， 中国足球、克隆现象、 就业、计算机热。 话题： 环境保护基础词汇及词组Pollute（污染），Waste is scattering here and there.（到处撒满了废弃物），protect the environment(保护环境) send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air（散发出烟和有毒气体）cut down trees(砍伐树木)， pour waste water into the rivers（把废水注入河流），form good habits to protect the surroundings（养成良好的习惯来保护环境）， take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物)， take good care of our forests（关心我们的森林），plant more trees to improve the environment （多植树来善改境）四. 设置层次重点：启、承、转、合1：启。指启动观点要求：开篇点题Nowadays, there is growing concern over;When it comes to , people hold different opinions.It is generally believed that;2、承。 设计文章第二段，扩展段。要求：有原因，有层次。In the first place; above all; to begin with;For one thing; on the one hand;In the second place; in addition; further more; more over; whats more; for another; on the other hand;Last but not least; more importantly3：转。 表示转折 however; on the contrary; whereas; instead; nevertheless4：合。 表示总结合并As a result; as a consequence; consequently; hence; thus; in conclusion; to sum up; by and large; generally speaking;五、多样性的语言1.表明：illustrate; demonstrate; suggest; reflect; indicate2. 认为： I am of the opinion that; I hold the view that; as far as I am concerned; as far as I can see; 【Exercise】用起承转合词填空。1 One cannot see wind; _, it does exit.2 The store had closed,_ we could not get the coat.3 _,it is important for us to learn english.4 _, we should respect others.5 The house isnt big enough for us and, _, it is too far from the town.6 Many people smoke _ smoking does harm to their health.7 WE must make friend with those whohave good character and kindness of heart,_, we should do our best to avoid keeping company with bad people.8 _, the abovementioned rules are the duties of a student.模版Dear Editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.（给出的）Opinions are divided on the question. _（人群A数据） are against the idea of _(topic). They believed _(人群A观点1). _(支持论点1的论据). _(反面观点1) will no doubt _(反面观点1不好的结果). What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. Yours trulyLi Hua真题：最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。60%的同学认为40%的同学认为1、不应收门票2、公园是公众休闲的地方3、如收票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象1、应收门票，但票价不宜高2、支付园林工人工资3、购新花木注意： 1、信的开头已为你写好。 2、词数：100左右。 3、参考词汇：门票：entrance feeOne possible version:Dear Editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believed a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. Wh