综合英语第三册unit-2 课后答案.doc

Section Four Consolidation ActivitiesI. Vocabulary1. Word Derivation1) widow n. widowed a. 她守寡十年了。She has been a widow for ten years. 一个寡母要抚养四个孩子长大成人确实不易。Its really not easy for a widowed mother to rear up four children. 2) nerve n. nervous a. nerveless a.当赛车手要有胆量。It takes nerve to be a racing driver.她胆怯地一笑。She gave a nervous laugh.刀子从她那无力的手中落下。The knife fell from her nerveless fingers.3) precise a. precision n. precisely adv.那东西正好在她遗落的那个地点找到了。It was found at the precise spot where she had left it. 你的报告不够准确。Your report lacks precision.那正是我的意思。That is precisely what I mean. 4) compete v. competitive a. competition n.几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争。Several companies are competing (against/with each other) for the contract/to gain the contract. 我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势。Our firm is no longer competitive in world markets. 他获诗歌比赛第一名。He came first in the poetry competition. 5) execute v. execution n. 他因叛国罪被处死。He was executed for treason. 这些计划最终得以实施。The plans were finally put into execution. 6) preside v. president n. presidency n.首相主持内阁会议。The Prime Minister presides at meetings of the Cabinet. 他被任命为板球俱乐部会长。He was made president of the cricket club. 他获选连任总统。He was elected to a second presidency. 7) marry v. marital a. marriage n.哪位牧师来为他们主持婚礼?Which priest is going to marry them? 拉丽莎40几岁，徐娘半老，爱喝酒，婚姻也不如意。 A fading woman in her 40s, Larisa had both drinking and marital problems.她的第一次婚姻维持了五年。Her first marriage ended after five years.8) company n. accompany v. companion n.观其友则知其人。You may know a man by the company he keeps. 我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。I must ask you to accompany me to the police station. 狗是忠实的伙伴。A dog is a faithful companion. 2. Phrase Practice1) The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a fatal disease. Thousands of people in Asia have _ it in the past two years. died ofdie of: stop living or come to the end of ones life because of some diseasee.g.现在有很多人死于癌症。Nowadays many people die of cancer. 2) Chinese fans often have to _ to watch the live transmission of European football matches. stay upstay up: remain awake; not go to bede.g.她答应孩子们可以晚点儿睡，看他们最喜爱的电视节目。She promised the children they could stay up for their favourite TV programme.3) Sometimes I dont understand Jeremy; he seems to have hurt the feelings of everyone who _ him including his wife. cares forcare for: like or lovee.g.他深深地爱着她。He cares for her deeply.4) I doubt that they are able to get the problems _ before the deadline. straightened outstraighten out: deal with a problem or a confused situation and make it better, especially by organizing thingse.g.我们会把情况弄清的。 Well get the case straightened out. 5) It was curious that the children should have _ their grandparents easily from the old photographs. picked outpick out: recognize sb. or sth. in a group of people or thingse.g.很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。Its easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall. 3. Synonym / Antonym1. He worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at 3:00 a.m. Sunday morning.l Synonym: _ exactly _ 2. It said that he died of a coronary thrombosis I think that was it but everyone among his friends and acquaintances knew it instantly.l Synonym: _ immediately _ 3. He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they said to each other and shook their heads and thought for five or ten minutes about the way they lived.l Antonyms: _ slacker, idler, loafer 4. He is survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old, a good woman of no particular marketable skills, who worked in an office before marrying and mothering.l Synonym: _ outlived _ 5. In the day and a half before the funeral, he went around the neighborhood researching his father, asking the neighbors what he was like. They were embarrassed.l Synonyms:_ disconcerted, abashed _6. At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president told the forty-eight-year-old widow that the fifty-one-year-old deceased had meant much to the company and would be missed and would be hard to replace.l Antonym: _ living 7. Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too hard.l Antonyms: _ underweight; slim _ 8. You could have picked him out in a minute from a lineup.l Synonym: _ queue II. Grammar 1) Present perfectThe present perfect simple tense an action that is still going on or that has stopped recently, but still has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.Use of present perfectl putting emphasis on the result Example: She has written five letters.l the action that is still going on Example: School has not started yet.l the action that has stopped recently Example: She has cooked dinner.l the finished action that has an influence on the present Example: I have lost my key.l the action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking Example: I have never been to Australia.2) Present Perfect ProgressiveThe present perfect progressive expresses an action that has recently stopped or is still going on. It puts emphasis on the duration or course of the action.Use of present perfect progressivel putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action (not the result) Example: She has been writing for two hours.l the action that has recently stopped or is still going on Example: I have been living here since 2001.l the finished action that has an influence on the present Example: I have been working all afternoon.The present perfect progressive focuses on the course of the activity or event which may or may not be finished. The present perfect focuses on the result of the activity or event, or just the fact that something has been achieved. PracticePut the verbs in brackets into the correct form: present perfect or present perfect progressive. 1) Im pleased to say that the team _ (play) well all season. 2) In recent years, the company _ (put) a lot of money into developing advanced technology. 3) They _ (pull) down most of the houses in this street, but they _ (not touch) the old shop at the corner yet. 4) I _ (wait) for the prices of the houses to come down, but I think I _ (wait) too long and the prices are beginning to go up again.5) I _ (just pick) ten pounds of strawberries! I _ (grow) strawberries for years but I _ (never have) such a good crop before. 6) It was lovely at eleven oclock, but since then the sky _ (get) steadily darker and the wind _ (rise). Im afraid the fine spell _ (come) to an end. 7) Peter _ (be) a junior clerk for three years. Lately he _ (look) for a better post but so far he _ (not find) anything. 8) Ann _ (fail) her driving test three times because shes so bad at reversing. But she _ (get) a bit better at it. Keys1) have been playing / have played (We can use either the present perfect progressive or the present perfect to talk about the activities or events that are repeated again and again until now.) 2) has been putting / has put 3) have pulled down, havent touched 4) have been waiting, have waited 5) have just picked, have grown / have been growing, have never had 6) has been getting / has got, has been rising / has risen, has come (We can use either the present perfect progressive or the present perfect to talk about an action which began in the past and is still continuing or has just finished.) 7) has been, has been looking, hasnt found 8) has failed, has been practicing, has got III. Translation 1 我的顶头上司是一个典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作10个小时以上。 (workaholic)ExplanationA workaholic is a person who works obsessively and finds it difficult to stop.TranslationMy immediate boss is a typical workaholic, for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round.Practice许多日本人都是工作狂。 Many Japanese people are workaholics.他终生醉心于工作，天天从早画到晚。He was a lifelong workaholic, who painted dawn to dusk seven days a week.2. 校长十分注重课外活动。他认为，课外活动有助于培养学生对外部世界的浓厚兴趣。 (extracurricular)ExplanationExtracurricular activities are the part outside the regular course of work or studies at a school or collegeTranslationThe principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes that they will help to cultivate students tremendous interest in the external world.Practice她参加了许多课外活动，如音乐 运动 戏剧。Shes involved in many extracurricular activities, such as music, sport and drama.3. 星期一早上，他总是快速冲个澡，胡乱吃块三明治，接着赶着搭出租车去上班。 (grab)ExplanationTo grab sth. means to have or take (sth.), esp. in a casual or hasty manner.Translation He always grabs a shower, a sandwich and then a taxi to go to work every Monday morning.Practice 咱们赶快吃点三明治就去看电视吧。Lets grab a quick sandwich and watch TV.随便找个地方坐，别客气。Grab a seat and make yourself at home.4. 没有什么能够取代内心深处最深切的爱。 (replace)Explanationreplace sb. / sth.: take the place of (sb. / sth.)TranslationNothing can replace the profoundest love in ones heart of hearts.Practice 机器人逐渐代替了装配线上的工人。 Robots are replacing people on assembly lines.有什么东西能代替母爱吗?Can anything replace a mothers love?5. 他被认为是总裁职位的当然人选，因为他已经做了近十年出色的副总裁。(natural n.)Explanationnatural: person considered ideally suited for a role, a job, an activity, etcTranslationHe is considered a natural for the post of the president, for he has been an excellent vice-president for almost ten years.Practice 他是李尔王这一角色的理想人选。Hes a natural for the role of Lear. 她不用学跑步技巧，她天生就擅长跑步。She doesnt have to learn how to run: shes a natural. IV. Exercises for Integrated Skills 1. DictationEveryone is under some pressure / in the workplace. / Some external pressures / can be a positive factor, / helping us to be more productive. / Some people actually thrive / under short-term added pressure, / and our bodies are designed to meet these short-term demands. / Hormones are released to prepare us / for a “fight or flight” response / to demanding situations. / However, excessive and prolonged stress / can take its toll, / producing a range of physical and emotional health problems, / which have come to be grouped as “work-related stress”. / The experience of stress is different for every person. / Some people are affected more than others, / so what is stressful for one person / may not be stressful for another. / It can depend on your personality type / and on how you have learned to respond to pressure.2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate.Americans average 25.1 working (1) _ per person in working age per week, but