九年级Unit 1 Topic 2重点归纳.doc

九年级Unit 1 Topic 2一、重点单词1、probably adv. 很可能，大概 adj. 大概，可能的他可能已经知道了。 He it. Maybe he it.2、nearby adj. 附近的，邻近的 adv. 在附近，不远 他就住在附近的村子里。He just lives in a nearby village. He just lives in a village nearby.3、population n. 人口，人数 不可数名词 ，常用large, small来表示人口多少中国拥有着世界上最多的人口。China has in the world. the population of 的人口 中国有14亿人口。The population of China 1.4 billion.问人口有多少常用Whats the population of?=How many people are there in ?4、increase v. （使）增加，（使）增大 规则动词 过去式： increase by 增加了 increase to 增加到 世界人口已增加了一亿。 世界人口已增加到60亿。5、reach v. 实现；达到；够得着；到达 规则动词，过去式： 中国的人口已达到14亿。 The population of China 1.4 billion.链接：reach, get和arrive的用法区别: 火车将在一个小时后到达上海。6、luckily adv. 幸运地，运气好地 adj. 幸运地 n. 运气，好运 祝你好运！ 他真是个幸运的家伙。 He is really a lucky dog.幸运的是，我们赶上了末班车。 ，we caught up with the last bus.7、Russia n. 俄罗斯 adj. 俄罗斯的；俄罗斯人的 n. 俄语；俄罗斯人8、measure n. 措施，方法 采取措施做某事 政府已经采取措施来改善环境。 The government improve the environment. 9、social adj. 社会的；社交的 你认为中国人口众多已带来哪些社会问题？ What social problems do you think Chinas large population has caused?10、supply v. 提供，供应 n. 供应量；补给；供应 日常供应很足但水的供给常常不足。The daily supply is quite enough, but the isnt often enough. 链接：supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth 为某人提供与offer sth to sb=offer sb sth 的区别这个新工厂位附近的人提供了更多的就业机会。 The new factory more job opportunities the people nearby. 冬天学校给学生提供热水。 In winter school hot water students. =In winter school students hot water.11、natural adj. 天然的；天生的 n. 自然，大自然 自然公园 12、worse adj. 更差的，更糟的 bad的比较级，最高级为 。 更糟的是，天开始下雨。 ，it began to rain.13、thanks to sb/sth 幸亏，由于 thanks for 感谢 幸亏了这些新政策，我们的环境比以前好多了。 the new measures, our environment is than before. 幸亏有你的帮助，否则我就不能按时完成任务了。 your help, I couldnt finish the task on time. 谢谢你的帮助。 14、percent n. 百分之 百分数读作“基数词+percent”,如：28%读作twenty-eight percent, 50%读作 ， 50%的森林应读作： 或 .15、surround v. 围绕，环绕 规则动词 我住在一个小山村里，周围都是山。I live in a small village. Its surrounded by mountains. = There are many mountains around it.16、garbage n. 垃圾，废物 不可数名词 garbage bag 垃圾袋 garbage can 垃圾桶litter：乱丢的垃圾。指在公众地方路过行人掉下的体积小、数量不多的小垃圾。所以路边的垃圾桶是可以 “litter bin”来形容。可以作动词，是“丢垃圾”的动作。 litter通常用在标语和印刷品上。There were piles of litter on the streets.街上有一堆一堆的废弃物。Please dont litter. 请勿乱扔纸屑杂物。 garbage”，“rubbish”的意思是一致的，一般是指体积比较大，堆头比较大的垃圾。 In her home, garbage was fed to the pigs. 在她家,剩菜用来喂猪。 Our job is to clear away the rubbish. 我们的工作是清除这些垃圾。17、discourage v. 阻拦，阻止；使灰心 规则动词 Dont let one failure discourage you. 勿因一次失败而气馁。The school teachers discourage smoking. 学校老师不赞成吸烟。链接：keep sb from doing sth 是指直接阻止 discourage sb from doing sth是指进行语言劝阻，如果对方坚持，则不再阻止 courage n. 勇气18、local adj. 当地的，本地的 local people 本地居民，当地人 当地人都很友好并且互相帮助。The local people are very friendly and they always . 19、huge adj. 巨大的，极多的 big常可以和large互换，区别比较小，它们都可以表示“大的”，常指 程度，范围，规模，容积，重量，数量等；但是big更加口语化，而large可用于表示数量。 great常修饰抽象的、无形的东西，常翻译为“伟大的”，表示精神上、程度上的大；用在具体名词前，表示异乎寻常的大，给人留下深刻的印象，其词义常有一定的感情色彩。 huge只能指体积的巨大或超过标准的巨大，有“very large”的意思。注意，只是体积的“巨大”。如：一个大超市 最多的人口 一个大广场 一个巨大的体育馆 一位伟人 20、excellent adj. 优秀的，杰出的 一个优秀的学生 一位杰出的科学家二、重点句子1、I have just called you, but you werent in. (1) just 刚刚，刚好，副词 常用于现在完成时态；just now 刚才 常用于一般过去时态 我刚刚完成作业。 他刚才来找你了。 (2)be in = be at home 在家-May I speak to Maria? Sorry, .(她不在家)2、Ive never been there before, but I dont want to go there any more. (1)before 以前，副词，用于现在完成时态 I have never seen beautiful flowers before. (2)notany more = no more 不再 注意： no longer与no more的意义区别 a. no longer着重表示时间或距离的“不再”延长，意为“如今不再”。等于not. any longer。 b. no more着重表示数量或程度的减少，“不再”增加，意为“再也没有更多(大)的数量(程度)”。等于not. any more。 c.no longer / not. any longer 习惯用来修饰表示状态的持续动词(如wait, live, work等)。 Dont wait any longer. 别再等了。 d.no more / not. any more通常用来修饰表示具体动作的瞬间动词(如go, stand, visit等)。如： We couldnt stand it any more. 我们不能再忍受了。 3、Lets call him up now. call up = ring up = make a telephone call 人称代词放在中间4、-I really hate going to a place like that. So do I(1)hate to do sth hate doing sth 讨厌做某事 我讨厌吃鸡蛋面。(2)So do I. 完全倒装句，意为“A如此，B也如此”，其结构是“so + be/助动词/情态动词+ 主语。”如：I like playing ping-pong. .（他也是） 其否定结构为“neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”。Im not good at dancing. .（他也是）链接：如果要表达两者对同一事物看法相同，则用“so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词”，意为“A的确如此”。-I think Tom can work out the problem. -So he can.5、It shows that the population in developing countries is larger than that in developed countries, doesnt it? (1)句中的第二个that 在该句指代the population。 (2)doesnt it是对主句进行反问。*A.若反意疑问句的陈述部分为I （we） think（believe，suppose，consider）that从句时，问句部分的助动词和主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。I think that he has done his best, hasnt he? B.若主句的谓语为其他动词，则与主句保持一致。I said that I would come back soon , didnt I ? C.若主句主语为其他人称，与主句保持一致。He said he wanted to go to the zoo , didnt he?6、and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. 分数的表达方法： （1）分数的分子用基数词来表示，分母用序数词来表示。当分子大于1时，分母要用复数形式。如：12 读作：one second 或 a half 1/3 读作：one third 1/4 读作：one fourth 或a quarter 2/3读作：two thirds 3/4 读作：three fourth或 three quarters （2）当分数做定语时，与所修饰词之间应加of，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词。One third of the students are from the countryside. One fourth of the water is polluted. 7、At the same time, the large population has caused many other difficulties for the whole nation. (1)at the same time 与此同时 如：与此同时，我们邀请了一些老师来参加活动。 (2)cause v. 引起,导致 cause sb to do sth Careless caused him to fail the exam. 粗心致使他考试不及格。 What caused him to change his mind? 是什么使他改变主意? (3)difficulty n. 困难 可数名词 做某事有困难 adj. 难的 8、One is known as the one-child policy. be known as = be famous as作为（身份）而出名 be famous for 因而出名 郭敬明以作家身份出名。 郭敬明因小时代出名。 9、It has worked well in controlling Chinas population. work well in 在某方面有明显效果 每天背诵课文在学习英语方面很有成效。 10、I live in a small mountain town called Fairmont. called 过去分词做后置定语 = named 你认识一个叫Tom的男孩吗？ 11、They are careful with garbage and discourage cutting trees. (1)be careful with 对小心 她做作业总是很小心。 (2)discourage doing sth 我们应该阻止学生吸烟。三、精讲精练.（A）单项选择。( )1.They have been to Australia. So _ I.A.doB.have beenC.didD.have( )2.The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Shenyang.A.thatB.itC.oneD.this( )3._ the population of the U.S.A. in 2005?It _ about 296 million.A.What is; isB.What was; wasC.How many is; wasD.How many was; is( )4._ of the teachers are women in our school.A.Two thirdB.Two threesC.Two thirdsD.Second three( )5.Hes read this book before, _?新课|标第|一|网A.hasnt heB.doesnt heC.isnt heD.wasnt he( )6.The _ population may be the greatest challenge of the world today.A.increaseB.increasedC.increasingD.increases( )7.The little girl has _ finished reading the book you lent her.A.alreadyB.yetC.stillD.once( )8.What has happened in your hometown?Great changes _ in my hometown recently.A.have been taken placeB.have taken placeC.have been happenedD.was happened( )9.Students today have a lot of pressure(压力) _ they have to learn too much knowledge at school.A.in order toB.unlessC. becauseD.because of( )10.I have never visited a paper factory. _A.So have I.B.So I have.C.Neither have I.D.I havent now.(B) 根据汉语完成句子 1.他以前从未见过那么漂亮的鸟。He such bird before. 2.我们的政府已经采取了很多的措施来改善环境。Our government has many to improve the environment. 3.我的祖父母和叔叔一起住在上海，每个周末我都给他们打电话。My grandparents live with my uncle in Shanghai. I every weekend. 4.鲁迅作为一位伟大的作家而闻名。Lu Xun was a great writer. 5.每天锻炼身体在保持健康方面很有效。Taking exercise every day has healthy.(C)句型转换。1.I have already seen the film. (改为一般疑问句)Have you _ the film _?2.They have brought us very good news. (改为感叹句)_ _ _ they have brought us!3.Have you ever met each other before? (作否定回答) _, _.4.Shes never late for school. (改为现在完成时)She _ never _ late for school. (D)任务型阅读A very important world problem is the growth of population on the earth. The population of the world today is more than 6,500,000,000. That is a great number and we know it quite well. The important thing is not how large the population of the world is now, but is the rate (速度) of the growth. It is about 1.63% every year after the number of dead people has been taken away.To give you some ideas of the birth rate, loo