高考英语一轮精品复习 Unit2 Cloning学案 新人教版选修8.doc

2013版英语一轮精品复习学案：unit2 cloning（新人教版选修8）【高考新动向】【考纲全景透析】【重点单词】 1. differ vi. 不同；difference n. 不同之处 different adj. 不同的 a differs from b in. a与b在方面不同 a differs with b about/on/over. a与b就意见相左1). their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们的没有起车库。2). the two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。【即境活用】 thoughts of oriental(东方人) differ much_ westerners in a number of ways.a. between b. between those c. from d. from those of【解析】选d 考查differ的用法。此处应该用指代的词，结构和thoughts of一样，但用those代替2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应，保证(后接to do) she undertook the organization of the whole scheme.她负责整个计划的组织工作。 he undertook to finish the job by friday.他答应在星期五以前完成那工作。 i can undertake that you will enjoy the trip .我保证你会喜欢这次旅游。3. object vi. 不赞成；反对；n.物体；目标 we object to being treated like this .我们抗议这种待遇。 i objected that he was too young for the position .我提出反对意见他太年轻不合适这个职位。 my main objection to the plan is that it costs too much .我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。4. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍forbid sth./ doing sth. 禁止（做）某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid sb sth禁止某人某事forbid that 禁止（从句中常用should+动词原形）its forbidden to do sth. 做某事是禁止的forbidden city紫禁城his parents forbid him wine. 他的父母不准他喝酒smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 演奏厅内不准吸烟i forbid you to go swimming. 我不准你去游泳most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.大多数父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽烟【提醒】forbid后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，而是跟动名词作宾语，单可以用forbid sb. to do sth. 【举一反三】类似结构动词：allow, permit, advise等【即境活用】the students are forbidden, unless they have special passes,_after11 p.m.a. from staying out b. to stay out c., staying out d. stay out答案：b 5. own; 欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于；感激，感恩1). he owes his father 50. = he owes 50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑。2). we owe this discovery to newton. 我们的这一发现归功於牛顿。 【即境活用】 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1). how much do i owe you _ the groceries?2). he owes his success more _ luck than _ ability. 3). i owe a lot _ my wife and children. keys: 1). for 2). to; to 3). to6. bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰 i dont want to bother you with my problems.我不想让你因为我的问题而担心。 whats troubling you money problems?什么事令你忧虑不安-经济问题吗？ these flies are annoying me.这些苍蝇一直在烦我。7. resist vt.抵抗，忍住（多与cannot, couldnt连用） he is in good health- he is able to resist diseases.他身体健康，能抵抗疾病。 i couldnt resist having a look at her diary.我忍不住看了一眼她的日记。 there has been a lot of resistance to this new law.这项新的法规已经遇到很多的抵制。【即境活用】she is overweight, but she cant_the temptation to eat more delicious food.a. forbid b. attach c. allow d. resist答案：d 【重点短语】1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动语态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇【相关短语】 pay短语：pay for付的钱；为而付出代价 pay back sth. (pay sb. back sth.) 偿还pay sb. (.) for sth. 因某事而付某人 pay sb. (.) to do sth. 付某人()去做某事1). at last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回报。2). did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗?2. in favor of 赞成；支持；对有利in favour of 赞成，同意in sb.s favour 对某人有利do sb. a favour /do a favour for sb. 帮某人忙do sb. the favour to do sth./do sb. a favour by doing sth.帮忙做【点拨】 表示“支持，赞同某人/某事”除用in favour of之外；其它常用：be for sb./sth. stand by; stand on ones side等。表示“不支持，赞同某人/某事”be against sb./sth.【拓展延伸】 favor vt. 赞同；支持the child favors his father with his brown eyes. 这个孩子的棕色眼睛像他的父亲【即境活用】i dont like to ask people for help as a rule but i wonder if you could_me a favour.a. make b. do c. find d. get答案：b 3. be in good/poor/excellent condition 处于好的坏的极佳的状况 【相关短语】 condition 短语：out of condition健康状况欠佳 working/living/studying conditions工作、生活、学习环境on condition (that). 在条件下；倘若 on no condition 一点也不; 决不1). the ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航。2). the car is still in excellent condition. 这小车状况极佳。【即境活用】 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1). the car has been well maintained and is _ excellent condition. 2). he s _ excellent condition _ a man of his age. 3). i had no exercise for ages; i m really _ condition. 4). you can go out _ condition that you wear an overcoat.keys: 1). in 2). in; for 3). out of 4). on【重点句型】1. the fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 她（多莉羊）似乎生长正常的事实很鼓舞人心。“that she seemed to develop normally”是一个同位语从句，作the fact的同位语。同位语从句一般由that引导，常放在fact，truth，news，information，idea，thought，hope，suggestion，advice，reply，remark，report等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。当先行词是problem，question或当主句是表示疑问或否定意思时，连接词要用whether或其他的疑问代词或副词。如：1). the news that he has been elected president of the united states is true. 他当选美国总统的消息是真的。2). the question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。3). i have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪。【即境活用】在括号里填入适当的连接词。1). the truth _ heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to us all. 2). the question _ we need to spend more time on the project has not been discussed. 3). the explanation _ he had met with an accident on his way was acceptable. keys: 1). that 2). whether 3). that【热点难点全析】同位语 the appositive同位语的定义：同位语是句子成分的一种。它位于名词、代词后面 , 说明它们的性质和情况 , 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种:名词tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. 汤姆，我们班长，是个英俊的小伙子代词i myself will do the experiment.我将亲自做这项实验数词she is the oldest among them six. 她是他们 6 人中年纪最大的从句he told me the news that the plane had exploded. 他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息由 such as，that is 引导some , subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn.某些学科，例如数学和物理，是很难学的由 of 引导the city of beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自从 2000 年以来，北京市发生了很大的变化由 or 引导the freezing temper，or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary temperature结冰温度即冰点，是水在常压下结冰时的温度 同位语从句【拓展延伸】 (1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语 从句同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。 它在句中起同位语的作用。它一般放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名词的后面 , 对前面的名词作 进一步的解释 , 说明前面名词的具体含义。 引导同位语从句的词有连词 that, 连接副词 how, when, where, whether 等the hope that he may recover is not gone yet.the problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.(if 不能代替 whether 来引导同位语从句 )i have no idea when he will come back.【点拨】 同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开 :the story goes that william tell killed the king with an arrow.(2) 同位语从句的表现形式 :由that 引导the fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.the hope that he may come here is not gone yet.the news that he has been elected president of the united states is true.the truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.由whether 引导the question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.由when 引导i have no idea when they will go.(3) 有时可用 namely(即),that is to say (也就是说),in other words (换句话说),that is (那就是 ),for example 等引出同位语, 说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟 在名词或代词的后面he told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.there is only one way of improving your english, that is, to practise more.altogether dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.【点拨】 同位语丛句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词；定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的we express the hope that they will come to visit china again( 同位语从句 )those who want to go please sign their names here.( 定语从句 )同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等the news that they won the match is true-(同位语从句 ,news 和从句没有逻辑关系)the news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句 ,news 是 told 的逻辑宾语）the order when we should go back hasnt reached us.(同位语从句 ,order 和从句没有 逻辑关系)the day when new china was founded will never be forgotten(定语从句 ,day 是 founded 的逻辑状语)同位语从句主要由连接词 that 引导，有时也可用 when, where, who, whether 等引导；定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed.do you know the place where he was born?引异同位语从句的连词不可省略；引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略the news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true.the news (that)he to me is exciting.同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整 it句子，谓语动词用 be 的不同形式he heard the news that their team had won.此句可以变为一个表语从句：the news was that their team had won.【语法专练】1. evidence came up specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.a. what b. which c. that d. whose2. we should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular scienceathat bwhen cwhich dwhere3. the mere fact _ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.a. that b. what c. which d. why4. the thought _ they would go abroad for a visit was exciting. a. whenb. which c. where d. that5. -all the building materials have been washed away.-so i have heard. but there was no sign _ a heavy rain was on the way last night. a. when b. if c. which d. that 答案：15 caadd【高考零距离】1、（2012福建卷 t35）35. we promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.a. whob. whom c. whoever d. whomever【解析】选c。本句考查连词的辨析。首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyone who，这样句子就很清晰了，所以划分句子成分非常关键，以前考察whoever都是做状语，而本题考查的是作promise的宾语，挺新颖的。2、（2012安徽卷 t27）27.the limits of a persons intelligence,generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. a. where b. whether c. that d. why 【解析】选c。首先把插入语generally speaking删掉，选择b.本题考查名词性从句，but whether he reaches these limits 【作为句子主语】will depend on his environment.3.（2011江苏卷 t22）the fact that so many people still smoke in public places _that we may need nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.a. suggest b. suggests c. suggestedd. suggesting【解析】选b。考查主谓一致和时态，句意为：仍然有很多人在公共场所吸烟,这样的事实表明我们或许需要一场全国性的运动来提高人们对吸烟的危害的认识。结合句意分析句子结构可知，the fact后that引导的是同位语从句，空白后的that从句则是谓语动词suggest的宾语从句；主语是the fact，故排除a、d项；结合从句的时态可知主句要用现在时态，故选b项。4.（2010湖北卷t26）i wasnt blaming anyone; i said errors like this could be avoided. a. merely b. mostly c. rarely d. nearly【解析】选a。考查副词词义辨析。merely仅仅，只不过；mostly大部分地，通常地；rarely很少地，几乎不；nearly几乎= almost；。句意“我并没有责怪任何人，我只是说类似这种错误是可以避免的”。5.（2010江苏卷t24）thousands of foreigners were_ to the shanghai world expo the day it opened.a. attended b. attained c. attracted d. attached 【解析】选c。表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参加上海的世博会。6.（2010上海卷t36） one reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.a. that b. how c. what d. why【解析】选a，此处考查的是同位语从句，考查that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。7.（2009湖北卷t29）youd sound a lot more polite if you make a request _ a question. a. in search of b. in the form of c. in need of d. in the direction of 【解析】选b. 考查介词短语。此处意思是“以问题方式向对方提出请求显得更有礼貌”。in the form of 符合句意。in search of“寻找”，in need of“需要”，in the direction of“朝方向” 8（2007天津卷）_ fire, all exits must be kept clear. a. in place of b. instead of c. in case of d. in spite of 【解析】选c。考查介词短语辨析，句意：以防发生火灾，所有的出口必须清理干净。c项符合。a代替；b而不是；d尽管【考点提升训练】一、听力（略）二、单项填空 21（2011北京模拟）he was so stubborn that no one could _ him to go there. a. forbid b. stopc. keep d. prevent22.（2011银川模拟）how long do you think the terrible snow will _ ? sorry, i didnt listen to the weather forecast. a. get through b. cast downc. fade out d. keep up23. 【2012届广西桂林市、崇左市、百色市、防城港市高考联合调研】33you are so excellent.i dont understand what you mean saying that.abybforcofdin24. the hotel was nice; the weather was hot; the beaches were beautiful. _ id say it was a great vacation.a. anyhow b. altogetherc. somehowd. nevertheless25.【2012届贵州师大附中高三年级检测】9. it _ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family. a. tookb. neededc. spentd. shared26. the match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court.a. were objected to having b. objected to havec. were objected to haved. objected to having27. （2011温州模拟）some classmates are against my plan while the majority are _ it. a. in view of b. in favour ofc. in honor of d. in memory of28. - have your working conditions improved?- no, _ than before, im afraid. a. no better b. a little better c. not worse d. no worse29. _ restoration of ancient architecture, the chinese government has invested a large sum of money on it.a. in case of b. in favor of c. in terms of d. in honor of30. the genes of the cloned animals are so arranged that it cant_ such a disease, so it soon died. a. overlookb. resist c. existd. withdraw31. fitness is important in sports, but of at least _ importance are skills.a. fair b. reasonable c. proper d. equal32. im after a watch as _ gift to my daughter, _ one looking nice but not expensive.aa; the ba; 不填 cthe; the d不填; a33. the chairman thought _ necessary to invite professor smith to speak at the meeting. a. that b. it c. this d. him34. word came _ chinas first spacewalk was a great success. a. that b. what c. which d. when35. he came to love sports, he became much stronger than before.a. shortly after b. after shortlyc. before long d. shortly三、完形填空 i watched as my little brother was caught in the act. he sat in the corner of the living room, a 36 in one hand and my fathers hymnbook(赞美诗集) in the other. hearing my father coming, my brother 37 it slightly. he sensed that he had done something 38 . i saw he had 39 my fathers new book and scribbled（乱写）on the first page in pen. now, 40 at my father fearfully, we 41 waited for his punishment. my father 42 his book, looked at it, and then sat down without saying a word he was a clergyman and the holder of several degrees. for him, books were knowledge, and yet, he 43 his children. instead of 44 my brother, he sat down, 45 the pen from my brothers hand and wrote in the book himself, “johns work. 1959. aged three.” the years and the books came and went. our family 46 what all families go through. we 47 knew our parents loved us and that one 48 was the book by the piano. from time to time we 49 open it, look at the scribbles, read my fathers expression of love and feel 50 .now i know that through this 51 act my father taught us how every 52 in life has a positive side-if we are 53 to look at it from another angle. but he also taught us about what really matters in life: 54 ,not objects; tolerance, not judgment; love, no anger. love is at the very 55 of a family.when thinking about these, i smile and whisper, “thank you, dad. ”36atoybknifecpendcup37atorebcoveredcwipeddthrew38awrongbimportantchelpfuldgreat39aborrowedbstolencopeneddread40aglancingbstaringccomingdlaughing41aallbeithercbothdeach42apicked upbmade upcput updwrapped up43aadmiredbneededchateddloved44apunishedbtrustingchelpingdpraising45amovedbtookcbroughtdrobbed46aspentbexperimentedcsuffereddexperienced47aseldombalwayscneverdsometimes48aproofbresultceffectdimpression49amightbshouldcwoulddcould50aexcitedbencouragedcsurpriseddfrightened51arapidbsuddencharddsimple52aeventbproblemctroubledaccident53aforbiddenbchosencprepareddforced54amoneybpeoplecbeliefdspirit55acornerbmouthcbottomdheart四、阅读理解 athe state of colorado has four of the best parks out of the 58 national parks in the united states. the parks have some of the best scenery of all the national parksblack canyon （峡谷） of gunnison national parkthis park offers the most breathtaking views from up in the mountains into the canyons below while exploring the canyons, you will find that the walls drop nearly straightdown into the narrow valleys of the snake-like rivers belowvisitors are offered more than 100 camping sites, and a lot of bird species and many animals are native to the arearocky mountain national parkit is the only national park in the north central region in the state of coloradoelevations in this park are anywhere from 8,000 feet to 14,259 feet at the top of longs peakwhile traveling throughout this park you will notice two very different climates because of the difference t-he upper peaks of the rocky mountains make. you can enjoy 359 miles of hiking trails, a lot of places for camping, horse-back riding and beautiful scenery. mesa verde national parkthis is probably the most interesting national park, offering a fascinating trip back in time to 600 ad up to 1300 adthis park was declared a protected national park in-1906 because of the cliff dwellings （住所） that were found throughou