傲慢与偏见英文毕业论文.doc

黑龙江东方学院本 科 生 毕 业 论 文（设 计）论文题目：Analysis on Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice姓 名 王翱然 学 号 084430524 专 业 英语 班 级 08级5班 指导教师 李乃今 学 部 外国语学部 答辩日期 2012年5月24日 黑龙江东方学院本科毕业论文（设计）AbstractPride and prejudice is Austins great work. The most messages we can get from the story are love and marriages. Through the discussion of the different marriages and love, the writer demonstrates her concept about love and marriage: love and marriage is closely associated with property and society; however, love and marriage can not only be decided by the property and social status. An ideal marriage should be based on mutual affection and respect. She rejects the marriage based on wealth and stresses the element of emotion in a marriage.This paper examines the marriages as presented in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, and analyze the importance of their marriages. The paper defines four different kinds of marriages. The marriages based on the same interest, the vanity and carelessness, money or benefit and the true love. These marriages fit into the picture Austen paints of middle class social life in England at the beginning of the 19th century. The paper further suggests that people that the happy marriage is built upon mutual understanding, respect and love. Key Words: Love; marriage; property; social status中文摘要傲慢与偏见是奥斯汀的伟大著作，在小说中我们能够获知的最多的就是爱情与婚姻。小说中的四段婚姻基本完全概括了当时社会中爱情和婚姻的状况.小说通过对四种不同婚姻和爱情的描写，解析和探讨，充分体现了作者的爱情和婚姻观。这篇论文就是通过对这四段婚姻的详细的分析，来探讨傲慢与偏见中的爱情观和婚姻观。那就是：恋爱婚姻与财产和社会地位相互关联，但恋爱婚姻不能仅取决于财产和社会地位,正确的婚姻应当建立在相互爱慕、相互尊重的基础上。她既反对为钱而结婚，也反对轻率结婚，强调婚姻中感情因素的重要性。这篇文章描述了傲慢与偏见中的婚姻。并简单分析了婚姻的重要性。文章描述了四种不同的婚姻，分别是基于共同兴趣的婚姻；自大和漠不关心的婚姻；金钱与利益的婚姻和真爱的婚姻。这些婚姻正是奥斯丁对于19世纪初期英国中等社会生活的写照。文章最后告诫人们，真正的婚姻是建立在思维融洽、尊重和真爱上的。关键词：爱情; 婚姻; 金钱; 社会地位;Outline Abstract .i中文摘要.iiI Introduction . 1 A. The Background of Jane Austin. . 1B. The Background of Pride and Prejudice. . . .2II The Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice, and their Importance. . 3A. Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice. . . .31. Collins and Charlottes Marriage. . 32. Lydia and Charlottes Marriage. . . 43. Jane and Mr. Bingleys Marriage. . . . 54. Darcy and Elizabeths Marriage. . . 5 B. The Importance of Marriage. . 6III The Different Understanding about Love in Pride and Prejudice. . 7A. The Marriage Based on Same Interests. . . . . . 7B. The Marriage Based on Vanity and Carelessness. . . . . . . . 7C. The Marriage Based on Money or Benefit. . . 8D. The Marriage Based on True Love. . . . . . . . . 9IV The Concept about Love and Marriage. . . 12A. Jane Austins Concept about Love and Marriage. . . 12B. The Conventional Concept about Love and Marriage. . . 12C. My View of Love and Marriage. . . . 13Conclusion. . . . .17Bibliography. . . . . 1818Analysis on Love and Marriage in Pride and PrejudicePride and prejudice the book about commonplace things and ordinary people, is one of Jane Austens famous book, being the representative of realistic literature. It portrays, with special sensitive characteristic of female writers, the life and ideas of middle class who live in countryside. This novel makes an analysis of human nature and then stick up readers to think over social relations. This novel takes young peoples marriage as the thread and it covers the inheritance of fortune, womens social status, ethics and customs. Being the masterpiece of Jane Austen, it comes to the extensive favor of literary lovers and experts at the same time. This paper makes an analysis of four marriages in pride and prejudice and discusses the deep outlook for their love and marriage in the light of social back ground at the time.I. Introduction. A. A. The Background of Jane Austin. “Jane Austen (1775-1817) was born in Hampshire, a country priest family located in Hants, the village of Kingston, Sidemen in north England. She was a beautiful, talented middle class woman with extraordinary temperament and good cultivation. She was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction, set among the landed gentry, earned her a place as one of the most widely read writers in English literature, her realism and biting social commentary cementing her historical importance among scholars and critics. Her six novelsSense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Manshifeierde Manor, Emma, Persuasion all describe more than marriage.”. Austen lived her entire life as part of a close-knit family located on the lower fringes of the English landed gentry. She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to her development as a professional writer.However, her marriage is like a blank paper in her 42 years real lifetime. Going through the finest time, but eventually without meeting a comfortable partner, she gives up her love. Going through the sweet and bitter feeling which helps her to write the great work pride and prejudice.B. B. The Background of Pride and PrejudiceIn this great book, the author amply demonstrates her point about love and marriage. Therefore, in order to analyze these points of views, we should firstly start from her great work.“At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical. This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society. There was no equality between woman and man. Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity. The central life of women was forced to be staying at home, their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.” People naturally thought that women should be submissive to their husbands. The virtues of women were patient and deferent. They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without conditions. Although the status of women was slow, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny. At that time, many middle-class young women had three solutions: getting married; staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers. The income of family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well. It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, in terms of young women, especially those who dont have enough properties, to get married was the only way for them to gain respect, stability and social status. Austin fully critiqued some bad phenomenon in her work pride and prejudice, taking some perfect points about marriage and love to demonstrate her own view on love and marriage.II. The Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice, and their Importance.A. A. Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice.1. Collins and Charlottes Marriage.In pride and prejudice, the first marriage presented before us is the marriage of Collins and Charlotte. Collins was a conceited and foolish young man. He would inherit the estate of Longbourn, the property of Mr. Bennet upon his death, which amounts to depriving five daughters of Mr. Bennet of everything. Therefore, the five daughters would have not enough money to support their life unless they are lucky enough to marry well-to-do husbands. Collins was vulgar and servile, seldom opens his mouth without mentioning his patroness, Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Her affability and condescension is so impressive upon him that he felt greatly flattered only by her visit in his humble parsonage. Collins was pompous and narrow-minded man who never possess his own conception of love, he intends to get married merely because it was the particular advice and recommendation of Lady Catherine de Bourgh. To begin with, he made up his mind to marry one of the daughters of Mr. Bennet as a way of reconciliation with the Longbourn family. The beautiful Jane, undoubtedly, is his first choice. But when he was informed that Jane had been privately engaged, he swiftly change Jane to Elizabeth, who is equally next to Jane in birth and beauty. No mutual acquaintance and love between each other. Marriage to Collins was only a right thing for every clergyman in easy circumstances and advice from Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Jane Austen gave us a full statement of his background and character. Mr. Collins was not a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature had been but little assisted by education or society. The greatest part of his life having been spent under the guidance of an illiterate and miserly father, and though he belonged to one of the universities, he had merely kept the necessary terms, without forming at it any useful acquaintance. The subjection in which his father had brought him up, had given him originally great humility of manner, but it was now a good deal counteracted by the self-conceit of a weak head, living in retirement, and the consequential feeling of early and unexpected prosperity. And the respect which he felt for her high rank, and his veneration for her as his patroness, mingling with a very good option of himself, of his authority as a clergyman, and his rights as a rector made him altogether a mixture of pride and obsequiousness, self-importance and humility. 2. Lydia and Charlottes Marriage.The second marriage is between Bennetts third daughter Lydia and Wickham, the son of the housekeeper. Originally he is well-treated by the family and the friends. However, he comes down in the world because of his misbehavior. He gets into debt. So, he wants to get money and become rich and change his social status through marriage, marriage is also a way to approach the talents, he is a man without any responsibility. He does nothing except assailing a woman with obscenities. In his opinion, love is only recreation. For his purpose, he entices Lydia and gets her love easily, because she is young, innocent and vainglorious, and loves to go ease and hates to work hard, and is spoilt by her mother. Getting love and praise of a boy is her dream. So when Wickham wants to reach his aimgetting wealth by love and exalts her beauty hypocritically, she forgets who she is and feels she is the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world. Their love does not get the permission from the parents, and then they elope. When Elizabeth hears the news, she believes that their love is false, Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she is no charming and has nothing to attract him, He does not love her but the wealth of her family. The marriage is admitted on the condition of Darcys help. Their marriage is considered to be a scandal in Bennetts family. But Mrs. Bennet is not disgraceful to this marriage. When Collins gets the news, of course, he is very angry and reacts to the marriage to revenge his early failure of proposal to her. This marriage is one without love. They dont the real meaning of marriage, they only want to satisfy their aspiration. So we can say this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility. Such couple only seek having had the experience but not everlasting and unchanging. Of course, such kind of marriage is doomed to be a tragedy.3. Jane and Mr. Bingleys Marriage.The third marriage is of the eldest daughter Jane and Mr. Bingley. Bingley is a friend of Darcy. Bingleys sister loves Darcy very much. She wants Bingley to get married with Darcys sister Georgiana, because she wants to get love from Darcy by this way, which also reflects the selfishness the sister. The marriage of the able man- Bingley and the beautiful girl-Jane is ideal in most peoples eyes. Of course, the couple meets many setbacks, such as the misunderstanding of Darcy and Bingleys selfish sister. At last, the lovers get married as the misunderstanding between Elizabeth and Darcy has been solved.4. Darcy and Elizabeths Marriage.The fourth marriage is the main theme of the works. That is Darcy and Elizabeths marriage. At the beginning, Elizabeth rejects the pursuer-Darcy, because she does not like him, even looks down upon him though Darcy loves her very much. In Elizabeths eyes, he is arrogant and unreasonable because he is rich and has high social status. Realizing that, Darcy begins to get rid of those bad habits quietly to crate her taste and get good impression and love of her. Because of Darcys perfect behavior and good education, Elizabeth gradually eliminates the bias on Darcy. Then they spontaneously fall in love. So when Darcys second suitor is sent to Elizabeth, Elizabeth readily agree with, and they get married and have happy family lives.B. B. The Importance of Marriage.Pride and Prejudice is written by Jane Austen with the purpose of positioning us, as the readers, to share her attitudes on the importance of marriage. Austen had extremely radical views for her time. She believed that marriage should not occur on the grounds of superficial feelings, pressures to marry, or wealth and social status. The author believed that one should only marry for love. Austen uses characters as literary devices to show the readers the juxtaposition between relationships who have married for love and relationships which have married for alternative reasons. By influencing the readers to believe that marriage should only be for love we begin to realize that it is this, and only this, which can enable the characters of the novel to be happy. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. The first sentence of the novel Pride and Prejudice highlights the importance of marriage within the world of the novel. The sentence suggests that the sole purpose for marriage was to increase the characters social and financial ranking. The quote mentions nothing of love yet it provokes the feeling in the minds of the readers that the purpose of marriage is to merely create security. Finding a suitable marriage for the female characters who lived in a patriarchal society often became the solace of their lives. The character of Elizabeth Bennet does not fit this generalization. Elizabeth Bennet is a literary device used by Jane Austen to represent her values and attitudes on the importance of marrying for love. We often see the world through Elizabeths eyes and we are positioned to empathize with her opinion on the absurdity of marrying for reasons other than love. Elizabeth is a free-spirited individual who differs substantially from the other female characters of the novel. Elizabeth refuses to be wed to a man to whom she does not love. Elizabeth, although often guilty of prejudice attitudes, always acknowledges and learns from her mistakes. She is a heroine.Jane Austen has positioned her audience so that we are influenced to agree with her attitudes on the importance of marrying for love. Austen has used her characters to express the issue of love. Such characters as Mr. Collins and Charlotte Lucas and Wickham and Lydia represent marriage for superficial purposes, which can never result in happiness. The juxtaposition relationship between the characters of Darcy and Elizabeth show the audience that happiness in marriage can only be achieved if the couple both throw away immediate physical attractions and financial desires and marry for nothing else but true love.III. The Different Understanding about Love in Pride and Prejudice.A. A. The Marriage Based on Same Interests.Bolobbyist, a politician, at the end of the 18th century, said that upbringing was more important than law, because it could promote moral, help to realize moral or ruin moral. Thus it could be concluded that upbringing played very important role in life at that time. On the first ball organized by Mr. Bingley in the Niger Park, Jane-the eldest daughter of the Bonnets is favored by the host. But the reserved personality and the standardized qualities make her feelings show nothing, so she almost loses Bingley, which is also caused by her nest-of-kins lap sad conducts. For example, Mrs. Bennet often gives comments on the marriage in public, especially the benefits of the marriage, which almost frightens Bingley away. This good marriage based on a favorite of mutual good impression and true love nearly evaporates. Fortunately, the loves get married by experiencing twists.B. B. The Marriage Based on Vanity and Carelessness.Lydia is impulsive, credulous and blindly following. She is pursuing love and thinking about how to get love from a male. She is stiffened with the style of an officer called Wickham. She elopes with him because of an impulse. They spend money without restraint, and they are unable to make ends meet. For sake of Elizabeth, Darcy gave them a sum of money to let them get out of difficulties. At the same time, this swindler prepares to climb another woman for a sum of money. Bennet couple is another example for this kind of marriage. Mr. Bennet covets the youth and beauty and is attracted and gets married with a narrow-minded young and beautiful woman lacking intelligence. Not long after the marriage, he puts an end to his love and affection, the mutual