广东省东莞市南开实验学校高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题（3）.doc

广东省东莞市南开实验学校2014高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题（3）The US government has started a website, Admongo, to help children think critically（批判性地） about the advertising aimed at them. It claims to provide visitors with an “aducation” through games and other entertainment.A cartoon man dressed in old time pilot clothing greets visitors to Admongo. Call me Haiz, he says upon arrival in a rocket ship that opens up with a crazy world inside it. Spacey dance music plays in the background as Haiz tells visitors that they need to learn about advertising.Its inventors say eight to twelve years old is the age kids develop their critical thinking abilities. Kids that age are also a big market for advertisers.The idea behind Admongo is to teach children three things: To identify the advertiser. To know what the advertiser is really saying. And to know what the advertisement is trying to get the child to do.Children learn these things through a video game. They create their own game character. They can choose different skin colors, hair styles, eye and mouth shapes. Then they begin a trip through ad-land, where there are ads on buses and billboards. The players have to find all the marketing in the neighborhood before they can move on to the next level.The Admongo game takes players inside a home, to the advertising studio and everywhere else ads can be found. It is a complete exploration of the world of marketing. One such area is food marketing. The Federal Trade Commission(FTC) says it is a big business. The FTC estimates that food, drink and fast-food restaurants spent more than one and a half billion dollars on advertising to young people in 2009.The FTC says children are important for three reasons. They buy products. They influence parents and caregivers to buy. And they are the future adult buyers of the products.A recent study says most advertising aimed at children is for foods of the lowest nutritional value. First Lady Michelle Obama has said she would like to see advertisers marketing healthy foods for children.【文章大意】可知本文讲述的是美国政府建立的一个网站，为了教育孩子们理解广告的真正内涵。 36. What is the best title of the text?A. The guide of Admongo B. An aducation website for childrenC. A popular online video gameD. A website aimed at children【答案】B【 解析】标题归纳题。通过文章第一段The US government has started a website, Admongo, to help children think critically about the advertising aimed at them. It claims to provide visitors with an “education” through games and other entertainment.可知本文讲述的是美国政府建立的一个网站，为了教育孩子们理解广告的真正内涵。故选B。37. Why did the government start the website?A. To attract the biggest market of buyers.B. To sell the products of its company.C. To help children know about advertising.D. To advertise the video game for children.【答案】C【 解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段1,2行The US government has started a website, Admongo, to help children think critically about the advertising aimed at them.可知这个网站的成立是为了帮助孩子们批判地思考广告。故选C。38. What can players do in the website game?A. Choose hair styles for their character.B. Travel to a supermarket.C. Eat in a fast-food restaurant.D. Play video games during the trip.【答案】A【 解析】细节理解题。根据第五段第2行They can choose different skin colors, hair styles, eye and mouth shapes.可知他们可以自己选择角色的外貌。故选A。39. Children are important for advertising because they are .A. important for the society B. the most potential buyersC. easily influenced by adsD. easily affected by poor products【答案】B【 解析】细节理解题。根据The FTC says children are important for three reasons. They buy products. They influence parents and caregivers to buy. And they are the future adult buyers of the products.这些孩子是最大的买家，故选B。40. According to Michelle Obama, lots of food advertised for children are _. A. healthy B. of high nutrition C. yummy D. of low quality【答案】D【 解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段A recent study says most advertising aimed at children is for foods of the lowest nutritional value. First Lady Michelle Obama has said she would like to see advertisers marketing healthy foods for children.可知米切尔.奥巴马说她想看见给孩子们的更健康的食品的广告。说明她认为选择的儿童食品的质量不好。故选D。较难题目特训：介绍说明类-39Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary. Important words to learn:EEssential I Improver A Advancedpump/pmp/nouncDEVICE 1a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place to another:a water/bicycle/fuel pump a UK petrol/US gas pump SHOE2USUALLY PLURALUS(UK court shoe)a type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no way of fastening it to the foot which is worn by women 3USUALLY PLURALa type of flat shoe, like a BALLET dancers shoe, which is worn by women 4USUALLY PLURALUK a flat shoe made of heavy cloth, which is worn by children for doing sportsverb LIQUID/GAS1T USUALLY*ADV/PREPto force liquid or gas to move somewhere:Our latest machine can pump a hundred gallons a minute. The new wine is pumped into storage tanks. The heart pumps blood through the arteries/round the body.INFORMATION2TINFORMAL to keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direct:She was pumping me for details of the new project. idioms pump sbs hand to SHAKE someones hand (=hold their hand and move it up and down, especially in order to greet them)pump Iron INFORMAL to lift heavy weights for exercise:These days both men and women pump iron for fitness. phrasalverbs pump sth into sth to spend a lot of money trying to make something operate successfully:They had been pumping money into the business for some years without seeing any results. pump out sth If someones stomach is pumped out, a poisonous substance is removed from it by being sucked through a tube:She had to go to hospital to have her stomach pumped out. pump sb upMINFORMAL to make someone feel more confident or excited:He was offering them advice and trying to pump them up. RThe players were pumping themselves up by singing the national anthem before the game. pump sth upM1 to fill something with air using a pump:Have you pumped up the balloons yet? I must pump the tyres up on my bike. 2INFORMAL to increase something by a large amount:The US was able to pump up exports. Lets pump up the volume a bit! pump-action/pmp. k. n/ adjective BEFORE NOUNdescribes a device which operates by forcing something, especially air, in or out of a closed space or container: a pump-action shotgun a pump-action toiletpump priming nounUSPECIALIZED the activity of helping a business, programme, economy, etc. to develop by giving it money:The government is awarding small, pump-priming grants to single mothers who are starting their own businesses. pun/pn/nounCa humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sounds like another word:She made a couple of dreadful puns. This is a well-known joke based on a pun:“Whats black and white and red(=read)all over? “ “A newspaper. “ verbI(-nn-)to make a punpunch/pnt/noun HIT1Ca forceful hit with a FIST(=closed hand):She gave him a punch UK on/US in the nose. EFFECT2Uthe power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people: I felt the performance/speech/presentation lacked punch. DRINK3C OR Ua cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices, pieces of fruit and often wine or other alcoholic drinks TOOL4Ca piece of equipment which cuts holes in a material by pushing a piece of metal through it:a ticket punch Have you seen the hole punch anywhere? verbTHIT1to hit someone or something with your FIST(=closed hand):He punched him in the stomach. 2 MAINLY US to hit with your fingers the buttons on a telephone or the keys on a keyboard USE TOOL3 to make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment:I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper. This belts too bigIll have to punch an extra hole in it. idioms punch sbs lights out INFORMAL to hit someone repeatedly very hardpunch the clock US to put a card into a special machine to record the times your arrive at and leave work:After 17 years of punching the clock, he just disappeared one morning and was never heard from again. 1. What does the word “pump” mean in “He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case” ? A. Talk with.B. Ask for information.C. Listen to.D. Provide with evidence.2. When Sally says “The TV program kept pumping out commercials”, she may be.A. excitedB. interestedC. annoyedD. worried3. What will the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a pump-priming program? A. Sums of money. B. Raw materials. C. Human resources. D. Media support.4. When Sylvia says “His speech was OK but it had no real punch”, she thinks it was not.A. fluent and impressiveB. logical and movingC. informative and significantD. interesting and powerful【参考答案】39.1-4 BCAD较难题目特训：介绍说明类-40Decision- making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn, ”says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress. ”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stressat those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decision- making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold- water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk- taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.1. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall consequences more effortlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively2. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions3. The research has proved that in a stressful situation,.A. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow downC. women focus more on outcomesD. men are more likely to take risks【参考答案】40.AAD阅读理解-Cutting global warming pollution would not only make the planet healthier, it would make people healthier too, new research suggested. Cutting carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives, mostly by reducing preventable deaths from heart and lung diseases, according to studies released Wednesday and published in a special issue of The Lancet, a British medical journal.Relying on fossil fuels leads to unhealthy lifestyles, increasing our chances of getting sick and in some cases takes years from our lives, US Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a telecast briefing from her home state of Kansas. As greenhouse gas emissions go down, so do deaths from cardiovascular（心血管） and respiratory（呼吸道） diseases. This is not a small effect.Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing something about the problem, said Linda Birnbaum, director of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.Some possible benefits seemed highly speculative, the researchers conceded, based on people driving less and walking and cycling more. Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as reducing cook stoves that burn dung（粪便）, charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.And cutting carbon dioxide emissions also makes the air cleaner, reducing lung damage for millions of people, doctors said.Here are ways you can attack major health problems at the same time as dealing with climate change, said lead author Dr. Paul Wilkinson, an environmental epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.Wilkinson said the individual studies came up with numbers of premature deaths prevented or extra years of life added for certain places.For example, switching to low-polluting cars in London and Delhi, India, would save 160 lost years of life in London and nearly 1,700 in Delhi for every million residents, one study found. But if people also drove less and walked or biked more, those extra saved years would soar to more than 7,300 years in London and 12,500 years in Delhi because of less heart disease.【文章大意】本文叙述了最新研究表明，减少温室气体排放不仅能改善地球环境，还可以改善人们的健康。 41. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. How can people live longer?B. Cutting carbon dioxide emissions saves lives. C. Global warming threatens peoples lives.D. People should stop relying on fossil fuels.【答案】B【 解析】主旨大意题。根据Cutting carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives可知减少二氧化碳的排放可以拯救数百万人的生命，故选B。42. The new research differs from past studies in that _. A. it focuses on the immediate benefits of cutting carbon dioxide emissions B. it studies the bad effects arising from future global warming C. it is believed by more people D. it mainly targets at developing countries【答案】A【 解析】细节理解题。根据Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing