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变速箱体卧式双面组合镗床及工装夹具设计【9张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

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变速箱体卧式双面组合镗床及工装夹具设计【全套CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】.rar

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关键词：: 变速箱体卧式双面组合镗床工装夹具设计全套 cad 图纸毕业论文答辩通过

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摘要

该篇论文为镗主轴箱的6个轴孔的变速箱组合镗床设计。镗床是主要用镗刀对工件已有的预制孔进行镗削的机床。通常以镗刀旋转为主运动，镗刀或工件的移动为进给运动。它主要是用于加工高精度孔或一次定位完成多个孔的精加工，此外还可以从事与孔精加工有关的其他加工面的加工。使用不同的刀具和附件还可进行钻削、铣削、切削，其加工精度和表面质量要高于钻床。镗床是大型箱体零件加工的主要设备，也可加工螺纹及外圆和端面等。

以箱体零件同轴孔系为代表的长孔镗削，是金属切削加工中最重要的内容之一。尽管现在仍有采用镗模、导套、台式铣镗床后立柱支承长镗杆或人工找正工件回转180°等方法实施长孔镗削的实例，但近些年来，一方面由于数控铣镗床和加工中心的大量使用，使各类卧式铣镗床的坐标定位精度和工作台回转分度精度有了较大提高。从机床结构上使工作台回转180°自定位的调头镗孔，几乎是成为了在该种机床上镗削长孔的唯一方法。

本设计说明书主要包括了组合机床总体设计过程，对工艺方案设计、总体设计、部件设计等几方面加以论述。

内容有产品工序分析，组合机床总体布置以及镗床主轴图的绘制。

关键词：主轴箱；组合镗床；加工工艺

Abstract

Gearbox combination boring lathe design this paper into 6 hole boring spindle box. Boring machine is mainly used for boring prefabricated holes on the workpiece has been the boring machine. Usually, boring cutter rotating main movement, the workpiece moving boring or for feed motion. It is mainly used for finishing machining high precision hole or a location to complete a plurality of holes, in addition to engage with the hole machining processing and other related processing surface.Different tools and accessories used can also be drilling, milling, cutting,, the machining precision and surface quality than that of drilling machine. Boring machine is the main equipment of large body parts processing. Can also be processed the thread and the outer circle and end.

Long hole boring to box part coaxial holes as the representative of the cut, is one of the most important content in the metal cutting. Although there are still using boring mode, guide sleeve, desktop milling and boring machine after the columns support the long boring bar or artificial alignment workpiece rotation of 180 DEG, examples of long hole boring. But in recent years, on the one hand because of the extensive use of CNC milling machine and machining center, precision of the coordinate positioning rotary precision and working table of horizontal boring and milling machine has been greatly improved. From the machine tool structure enable the rotary table 180 ° from the positioning of the turn-around boring, become almost the only method in the machine tool on the long hole boring.

This design instruction booklet mainly includes overall design process of machine tool, and discusses the aspects of design, process scheme for the overall design, component design.

The contents of product process analysis, combination of general layout of machine tool and boring spindle diagram.

Key words: spindle box; combination machine; processing technology

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1 组合机床及其特点1

1.2 组合机床的组成和分类2

1.3通用部件的分类及简介2

1.4 组合机床的工艺范围及发展方向3

2 组合机床总体设计5

2.1 零件图分析5

2.1.1 零件的结构特点及功用5

2.1.2 变速箱的主要技术要求6

2.1.3 变速箱的体的材料和毛坯6

2.2 组合机床工艺方案的制定6

2.2.1 工艺基面的分析7

2.2.2 加工工艺的分析7

2.2.3加工余量的确定8

2.2.4 确定加工工艺方案应注意的问题8

2.2.5 制定工件加工工艺路线9

2.2.6 组合机床切削用量的选择10

2.3 组合机床总体设计11

2.3.1 被加工零件工序图11

2.3.2 加工示意图12

2.3.3 动力部件的选择15

2.3.4 机床联系尺寸图的绘制18

2.4 多轴箱的传动系统设计20

2.5 箱体补充加工图22

2.6本章小结23

3 装置的确定24

3.1导向装置的作用、类型及结构形式24

3.2 定主轴的类型及镗杆的确定25

3.3 本章小结26

4 组合机床生产率的计算27

4.1 机床生产率的计算27

4.2 编写组合机床生产率计算卡28

4.3 本章小结29

5 结论与展望30

5.1 结论30

5.2 展望30

致谢31

参考文献32

1 绪论

1.1 组合机床及其特点

一个国家或地区经济发展的重要支柱是制造业，它的发展水平是该国家或地区的经济实力、科技水平、生活水准和国防实力的标志，而制造业的生产能力和制造水平主要取决于机械制造装备——金属切削机床的先进程度。组合机床作为金属切削机床的生力军，是以通用部件为基础配备，加上少量专用部件组成的一种专用高效自动化设备，它具有设计制造投资少、周期短、加工精度稳定、经济效益高、改装方便等优点。

在机械加工工业机械产品大批量生产中，组合机床已得到广泛运用。像一些比较复杂的壳体类零件，加工工艺复杂、定位夹紧困难，要提高其生产效率和加工精度，单凭普通的机床是很难办到的，而在用普通机床加工复杂工件的过程中，对操作者的技术也提了较高的要求，这就迫切的要求生产一定数量的组合机床。这样不但可以提高零件的加工精度和生产率，还有成本低、生产周期短的特点，适合我国的经济水平、教育水平和生产力水平，更能够在激烈的竞争中为公司获得更多利润、提高公司核心竞争力。

现代组合机床和自动线作为机电一体化的一部分，它是控制、驱动、测量、监控、刀具和机械组件等技术的综合反映。组合机床及其自动线的技术性能和综合自动化水平也在很大的程度上决定了机械生产部门产品的生产效率、质量和公司生产组织的结构，也在很大程度上决定了公司产品的竞争力，所以对组合机床的设计研究具有十分重要的意义。近年来，这些技术已有了长足的进步，作为组合机床主要用户的汽车和内燃机等行业也有了很大的改变，产品市场寿命不断缩短，品种日益增多，而且质量不断提高。这些因素都有力地推动和激励了组合机床和自动线技术的不断发展，目前组合机床的研制正在向高效、高精度、高自动化的柔性化方向发展。

组合机床是用按系列化标准化设计的通用部件和按被加工零件的形状及加工工艺要求设计的专用部件组成的专业机床，它能够对一种或多种零件进行多刀、多轴、多工位加工。

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内容简介：: 编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：卧式双面组合镗床及工装设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923213学生姓名：陈超指导教师：许文（职称：副教授）（职称：）2013年5月25日目录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：卧式双面组合镗床及工装设计专题：卧式双面组合镗床设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923213 学生姓名：陈超指导教师：许文（职称：副教授）（职称：）2012年11月14日课题来源本课题来源于生产实践，设计的对象是加工变速箱壳体的孔的组合机床用镗床。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）组合机床是用按系列化设计的通用部件和按被加工零件的形状及加工艺要求设计的专用部件组成的专用机床，它有精度高，效率高，结构简单，占地小，便于维护和修理等优点。随着生产的不断发展，组合机床极其自动线被广泛的推广和使用，它对于机械制造工业，特别是汽车，拖拉机，电动机，柴油机，仪器仪表及军工部门等生产发展有着十分重要的意义。最早的组合机床是1911年在美国制成的，用于加工汽车零件。初期，各机床制造厂都有各自的通用部件标准。为了提高不同制造厂的通用部件的互换性，便于用户使用和维修，1953年美国福特汽车公司和通用汽车公司与美国机床制造厂协商，确定了组合机床通用部件标准化的原则，即严格规定各部件间的联系尺寸，但对部件结构未作规定。在我国，组合机床发展已有28年的历史，其科研和生产都具有相当的基础，应用也已深入到很多行业。是当前机械制造业实现产品更新，进行技术改造，提高生产效率和高速发展必不可少的设备之一。从2002年年底第21届日本国际机床博览会上获悉，在来自世界10多个国家和地区的500多家机床制造商和团体展示的最先进机床设备中，超高速和超高精度加工技术装备与复合、多功能、多轴化控制设备等深受欢迎。组合机床未来的发展将更多的采用调速电动机和滚珠丝杠等传动，以简化结构、缩短生产节拍；采用数字控制系统和主轴箱、夹具自动更换系统，以提高工艺可调性；以及纳入柔性制造系统等。研究内容在规定时间内完成下列任务要求： 1.设计技术要求：分析被加工零件的形状和主要轮廓尺寸以及本工序机床设计有关部位结构形状和尺寸；本工序所选的定位基准、压紧部位及加紧方向；本工序加工表面的尺寸、精度、表面粗糙度、形位公差等技术要求以及对上道工序的技术要求并拟定机械加工工艺路线、进行工艺规程设计、设计一套适用该变速箱加工的卧式双面组合镗床。 2设计工作量要求：1）抄画零件图；2）编制机加工工艺文件；3）绘制卧式双面组合镗床装配图及全套非标准零件图；4）编写设计说明书（30页）；5）翻译8000以上外文印刷字符或译出4000汉字以上的有关技术资料或专业文献。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析研究方法：在导师的指导下进行，并实地考察，观察工厂组合机床的工作流程以及结构，回头进行分析总结。技术路线：询问导师以及工厂车间等地的操作师傅，观察组合机床的操作流程，并逐渐了解组合机床的总体结构。实验方案：就地考察，搜寻资料，导师提供，整理资料，完成实验。可行性分析：按照此流程分析，此次实验可以逐步完成。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年10月12日-2012年12月31日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，完成毕业设计开题报告书。2013年1月1日-2013年1月27日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。2013年1月28日-2013年3月3日：毕业实习。2013年3月4日-2013年3月17日：多轴箱的主要参数计算与确定。2013年3月18日-2013年4月14日：组合镗床总体结构设计。2013年4月15日-2013年4月28日：总装图和零件图设计。2013年4月29日-2013年5月21日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预计成果：对专业知识的训练情况： 1.对国内组合机床有更深刻的了解； 2.对组合机床操作过程有所掌握； 3.广泛了解组合机床的研发、制造和使用过程； 4.能根据市场需求，参与开发相应产品； 5.能够掌握典型零件的加工工艺； 6.能够熟练使用各种工具书。最后在老师的指导下独立完成毕业设计特色或创新之处机器操作噪音小。故障率低，使用寿命长，机构简洁。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题1、设计方案思路已经明确，已经具备使用CAD制图的能力和了解组合机床结构等知识。2、使用CAD制图能力尚需加强，结构设计能力尚需加强。指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年月日系意见主管领导签名：年月日英文原文 Multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool time Timothy and Jacobs, Denis A receives then then, outstanding Philip U.S.A. Michigan university Summary:The aggregate machine-tool machining center may cause the demand which the processing manufacturing industry adapts changes unceasingly, uses the pool of labor power effectively, and has the competitive power in global scales market.Key word: Make the lathe upRegarding the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, in the industrial field has many names to describe it, like “the multitasking installment”, “the multi-purpose engine beds”, “the multi-procedure production system” and so on, it may be called the processing domain truly the nova, may reduce the cost, the simplified disposition, and has maintained in the US territory produces. In the past only then used the duty which many machine operations could complete, now may concentrate to an engine bed on processes completes. As a result of market demands unceasing change, the product life cycle is reducing unceasingly, todays market more intense demand multitasking installment concept. Carries out the fine profit management when the entire production environment, compared to having not concentrated the components processing to a machine on completes a finer profit. Some traditions manufacturing industry manufacturer thought that the multipurpose aggregate machine-tools are too complex, very difficult to find the appropriate operators also the difficult problem innovates on the spot on the insufficiency for the metal working basic principle and in the Production workshop related new engine bed use solution aspect training. Intuition type technical controlThe equipment use “carries off the quantity of heat” the type design, has different material which the lathe bed, the steeliness straight line rolling guide, on the steeliness revolving tool box saddle, the equipment uses, all these combine make an engine bed together. These with the thermal conductivity, the volume expansion are related. All different sizes thing can by the different speed growth. As a result of this reason, needs to make the hot friendly engine bed, with the aim of knowing gives off heat the weak point in where, can compensate through the reasonable engine bed design. The part is the entire journey movement. The engine bed glide produces rubs and transform hotly. The machining produces the hot filings fall to the different place, the refrigerant can mix in the entire process in which. Will present the different temperature province continually on the cutting tool, will therefore also have many things to have the influence to the thermostability. The cutting tool technology turned the multipurpose aggregate machine-tools has had the milling and cutting power “the versatile machine”. According to the material introduced that the most remarkable characteristic is in these engine bed whole has the intuition. The anti-collision preservation technology was already mature, in certain circumstances, even if uses the manual operation pattern, can also avoid the occurrence which collides. Because the control software has the very good intuition, the user operation friendly degree unceasingly is also enhancing. Believe the multipurpose aggregate machine-tools by its survivability world-wide in the more different processing scenes. The off-line programming optimization and the NC automatic control systems formation already made this technology to be easier to accept, when therefore uses the procedure when the engine bed, does not need to spend many time tune-up procedure and confirmed that some part does not have the question. If components need to provide the high and low two revolving tool box saddle simultaneously to carry on the rough machining, in this kind of situation the programming is quite difficult, because it needs two revolving tool box saddles also to feed. The Ad-Mac system may realize tool rests automatic programming which simultaneously feeds to these, and can cause the correct main axle speed, the correct feed rate and so on all parameters to realize the synchronization. Okuma Corporations collision avoidance system design based on actual processing operating mode anti-collision simulation, therefore, if the operator has installed the wrong cutting tool or has established the wrong parameter, the control system will examine and prevents the engine bed to enter the processing condition. Through cooperates with the Siemens, INDEX Corporation may provide the 3D pattern now “the hypothesized engine bed”, has custom-made according to some specific models engine bed. The result indicated that the simulation processes not only the fabricated parts and the actual end product is similar, is the one-to-one copy simply. The intuition type control interface, the simulation as well as other software technique are progressive, the more Production workshops have opened wide the front door to the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, but if does not have the corresponding knowledge to train and to solve the question creativity, the manufacturer is also very difficult to realize and the full use advanced engine bed flexibility aspect superiority. The work which does to the machine are more, the machine will be more complex, also needs to have the stronger skill person correspondingly to be able to operate it. If machinist past one day operated 3 engine beds, then he has this kind of multipurpose engine bed now, might produce more components. More importantly, he may draw support from softwares help to cause the production efficiency to be higher, regarding transformation processing components preparation, may also establish the processing craft plan. Because the replacement components need to lower 3 main axles, therefore before replacing the components, the workshop should process as far as possible many components. Regarding the multi-purpose engine beds, the transformation components speed is quick, the production batch of time interval is shorter, the stock is lower, the production efficiency is higher. Can use multi-purpose engine beds some workshops fully, very quick will discover the post function the unification. Now, a workshop may only use an operator, an adjuster and a programming teacher, in the future these 3 work definitely may do by a person. In the traditional post description the machinist will transit becomes one to adjust engineer, if this engineer the familiar components processing programming, that were also more ideal. Regarding such transformation, training has been simple, so long as trains 1 individual line, but is not 3 individuals. Looking from the long views, this will provide to the people the higher post degree of satisfaction. When adjusts engineer to be responsible to process the programming, and pays attention to the components processing personally time the entire process, he completely has become this components control. In addition, but should also makes more effort in the cutting tool choice and the programming aspect, must make any model the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool to succeed, the workshop needs to provide the skilled machinist, has ability and completes many kinds of operations nimbly. Therefore, crosswise training was at any time in the past more important. Regarded as the milling and the lathe work the different discipline the viewpoint never to return. Regarding the programmers, this belongs to their time. Regarding personnel who will program, will understand the engine bed and controls it, this will be their ability manifestation. The cutting tool will choose Most people not to install the passenger vehicle tire to the race car on, but processed the cutting tool to have such situation. The cutting tool should match with the new engine bed, is conceivably redundant on the new engine bed uses the old cutting tool to the production efficiency influence. In order to match the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, the new cutting tool and the cutting tool adapter technology was already developed. At present the industrial field is developing the development the processing cutting tool, may complete the turning on the identical tool rest, boring and drills truncates the processing, is only processes the phase to differ from regarding the work piece angle. The processing operates the difference even confuses is unclear. The new processing cutting tool may complete the milling and the turning. Since has moved the technology (engine bed) is this century develops is extremely rapid and one of influence enormous science and technology. The modern automation technology is one kind of completely new productive forces, is one of direct creation public wealth principal means that is playing the enormous promotion effect to humanitys production activity and the material civilization. Therefore, the automated technology receives various countries widely to take seriously with more and more applications. The machinery automation (engine bed), mainly refers to the machine-building industry applies the automated technology, realizes the processing object continuously the automatic production, realizes the optimized effective automatic production process, the increase production investment processing transformation and the flow rate. The machinery automation technologys application and the development, are the machine-building industry technological transformations, the technology advancement principal means and the technological development main direction. Machinery automation technical standards, not only affects the entire machine-building industry the development, and has the very tremendous immediate influence to the national economy various departments technology advancement. Therefore, develops our countrys machine-building industry automation technology, conforms to our country socialism basic principle, conforms to our country modern production law of development. How to develop our countrys machinery automation technology (engine bed), here has the technical policy question, should be realistic, all embark from our countrys concrete national condition, do each foundation work, takes the Chinas road of machinery automation technological development. The domestic and foreign industry history tells us, realizes the machinery automation is from to high-level, from simply to complex, from is preliminarily imperfect the consummation the developing process. After machines operation uses the automatic regulator, the production method only then gradually transits from the mechanization to the mechanism control (tradition) automated, the numerical control automation, the computer control automation. Only then after having established the Automated factory, the production process can overall automate, can make the productivity to enhance comprehensively, achieves automated the high-level ideal stage. The machinery automation technology first starts from the 1920s in the machine manufacture cold finishing production in enormous quantities process to develop the application, after in the 60s, to adapt the market demand and the change, for the enhancement machine-building industry to the market nimble rapid reactions ability, starts to establish the variable automation production system, namely revolves the computer technology the flexible automation. It is in the manufacture system invariable or in the change small situation, the machinery equipment either production management process through the automatic detection, the information processing, the analysis judgment realizes the anticipated operation or some kind of process automatically, and can from make one kind of components to transform automatically to makes another kind of different components. The social practice proved that under this kind of definitions manufacture system automation and the contemporary majority enterprises are not actually accommodating. The contemporary society also not in the science and technology, the material and the personnel aspect prepares to realize this automated condition, insists such to do only meets the wasted effort. This kind of situation is not exceptional regarding the separate production methods machine-building industry, the difficulty can bigger. In the 80s internationally appeared started to use computer integration manufacture system CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing), the flexible automation production pattern also had this kind of situation. The initial period take the information integration as a key point, take the high automaticity as the characteristic, but in realized in the process to encounter the difficulty. In view of the fact that realizes the large amount investment which the computer integration manufacture systems automation overall needs (an overall Automated factory to spend several hundred hundred million US dollars, flexible manufacture system regular price is 600 25,000,000 US dollars), undertakes the huge risk, in addition questions and so on technical difficulty and reliability, the world industrially advanced country started “to run into a wall produces a different product”, transfers pays great attention the information integration the effect, pursues low cost automation LCA (Low Cost Automation) enterprise organizational structure and movement way. The aggregate machine-tool future development more use transmissions and so on variable speed motor and ball bearing guide screw, will simplify structure, the reduction production meter; Uses the numerical control system and the headstock, the jig automatic replacement system, enhances the craft controllability; As well as integrates the flexible manufacture system and so on.中文译文多功能组合机床时代蒂莫西雅各布斯，丹尼斯阿斯纳斯，卓然飞利浦美国密西根大学陈超译摘要：组合机床加工中心可使加工制造业适应不断变化的需求，有效利用劳动力资源，并在全球范围的市场上更具竞争力。关键字：组合机床对于多功能组合机床，工业领域内有很多称呼来形容它，如 “多任务处理装置”、“多功能机床”、“多程序生产系统”等，它确实可称为加工领域的新星，可降低成本，简化配置，并一直保持在美国本土生产。过去只有使用多机操作才能完成的任务，现在可以集中到一台机床上加工完成。由于市场需求的不断变化，产品的生命周期在不断缩短，今天的市场更加强烈需求多任务处理装置概念。在整个生产环境中推行精益管理时，没有比把零件加工集中到一台机器上完成更精一些传统的制造业厂商认为多功能组合机床过于复杂，很难找到合适的操作人员也就不足为奇了。在一些劳动力市场，要找到能够对多轴组合机床加工中心进行手工编程的人是不太可能的事。但资料显示，解决方案可有两个，一个是现代多功能组合机床的直觉式技术，另一个是针对金属加工基本原理及在生产车间现场有关新机床使用中难题创新解决方面的培训。直觉式技术控制设备采用“带走热量”式设计，有床身、钢制直线滚动导轨、钢制转塔刀架、设备上使用的不同材料，所有这些组合到一起建造成一台机床。这些都与导热系数、体积膨胀相关。所有不同尺寸的东西都会以不同的速度生长。由于这个原因，需要制造热友好机床，以便知道发热的薄弱点在哪里，可以通过合理的机床设计来补偿。元件是全程运动。机床滑动产生摩擦并转化为热。切削加工产生的热屑掉到不同地方，在整个过程中冷却液会混合在其中。在切削刀具上会持续出现很多不同的温度区域，所以也会有很多东西对热稳定性产生影响。切削刀具技术把多功能组合机床变成了具备铣削和切削能力的“全能机器”。据资料介绍，最显著的特点是这些机床整体上更具直觉性。防撞保护技术已经非常成熟，在某些情况下，即使采用手动操作模式，也能避免碰撞的发生。由于控制软件有很好的直觉性，用户操作友好程度也在不断提高。相信多功能组合机床会以其生存能力遍布于更多不同的加工现场。离线编程优化和NC自动控制系统的形成已经使这一技术更容易接受，因此当将程序用在机床上时，不必花很多时间去调整程序和确认某一元件没有问题。如果一个零件需要配备上下两个转塔刀架同时进行粗加工，这种情况下编程是比较困难的,因为它需要两个转塔刀架同时进刀。Ad-Mac系统可以实现对这些同时进刀的刀架的自动编程，并能使正确的主轴速度、正确的进给速度等所有参数实现同步。Okuma公司的防撞系统设计基于实际加工工况的防撞模拟，因此，如果操作者安装了错误的刀具或设定了错误的参数，控制系统会检测出来并阻止机床进入加工状态,通过与西门子公司合作， INDEX公司现在可以提供3D模式的“虚拟机床”，按照某一特定型号的机床定制。结果表明，模拟加工出来的成品零件不只是与实际成品相似，简直就是一对一的拷贝。直觉式控制界面、模拟以及其他软件技术进步，更多的生产车间向多功能组合机床敞开了大门，但如果没有相应的知识培训和解决问题的创造力，制造商也很难体会到和充分利用先进机床柔顺性方面的优势。对机器所做的工作越多，机器就会越复杂，也相应地需要具备更强技能的人才能操纵它。假如一个机械师过去一天操作3台机床，那么现在他有这样一台多功能的机床，就可以生产出更多的零件。更为重要的是，他可以借助软件的帮助使生产效率更高，对于转换加工零件的准备，也可以编制加工工艺计划。因为更换零件需要

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