Unit 11 Scientific achievements总复习重点句及词组考查.doc

Unit 11 Scientific achievementsSection I 课前准备、听力、口语1. Solar energy 太阳能。(p.1 Warming Up最后)energy1) n. U 精力；活力 Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人通常比老年人有活力。2) n. U能，能量atomic energy原子能辨析：force，power，energy，strength与might* force力；指活动的力，是strength所展示出来的力；常被作“势力”用。* power力；用途最广，用于各种身的、心的、隐藏的、外显的力，和strength同义，但暗示能动的意思。* energy在物理学上指“能”；精力，活力。* strength体力；是内部的力，是在身体组织内存在的体力。 * might力；势力；强有力的力。You must use force to open that bottle. 你必须用力打开那个瓶子。/ Some animals have the power to see in the dark. 有些动物具有在黑暗中能看见东西的本领。/ To everyones surprise, the old painter seemed to have more energy after his recovery from his serious illness than even the young. 使大家感到惊讶的是这位老画家在重病复原后似乎比青年人精力还要充沛些。/ I havent the strength to lift the table. 我没有力气抬这张桌子。/ Its beyond your might. 此事非你力所能及。联想：energetic adj. 精力充沛的，积极的; energize vt. 使活跃，给予精力，加强; energizer n. 抗抑制剂；情绪兴奋剂2. Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. 这对一个人来说是一小步，但对人类而言却是一大步。（p.2 Words 第一行）/ You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars. 你正在从事发射载人飞船上火星的工作。（p.2 Speaking Dr Winfey）1)男人C In many countries in the world, men kiss each other when they meet. 在世界上许多国家里，男人们会晤时彼此亲吻。2)人类U(前面不用冠词) Man must make the earth support more people. 人类必须使地球养活更多的人。3) vt. 操纵；给配备人员Ten workers were assigned to man the production line. 十名工人被派到生产线上进行操作。4) manned adj. 载人的，由人操纵的。联想：mankind人类; manner n. 方法、举止; manual adj. 手工的、体力的; manly 有男子气概的；刚强的; man-made人造的3. You and your team are working on a cure for AIDS.你和你的队员们正在进行艾滋病治疗。(p.2 Speaking / Dr Wilson)辨析：work on与work at* work on从事某项工作(创造、创作、作画、制订、设计、草拟、研究)。* work at学习；研究；致力于；在下功夫。Im working at my study. 我正在努力学习。/ He is working on a new dictionary. 他正在撰写一部新词典。4. You want to develop new technology that will make it possible to grow food in areas where there is very little water. 你想发展新的技术，使得在没有水的地方生长食物成为可能。(p.2 Speaking Dr Smith)* make的复合结构1) make+宾语+名词使In 1849, Marx went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work. 1849年，马克思到了英国，把伦敦作为从事革命工作的基地。2) make+宾语+形容词使 They have made their home-town rich. 他们已使家乡富有了。/ The policemen have made it clear that he is a thief. 警察已弄清楚他是个贼。* 注意：上句it作为形式宾语代替后面that引导的从句。3) make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 The boss made him work 10 hours a day. 老板让他每天工作十小时。4) be made to do sth. 被迫做某事 The workers were made to work 10 hours a day. 工人们每天被迫工作十小时。5) make + 宾语 + 过去分词使某人某事被She couldnt make herself heard. 别人听不到她的话。5. If I got the money, I would.要是我得到钱。我会 (p. 3 Useful expressions 左1)1) 本句为虚拟结构，表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句用一般过去式，主句为would (或should，could，might) + 动词原形 If I know the answer to the question, I should (would) tell you.如果我知道问题的答案，我会告诉你的。2) 虚拟条件句中be的过去式一般为were。If I were you, I couldnt accept her suggestion. 如果我是你，我不会接受她的建议。6. Id like. (=Id love to.；反义词组：Id hate to.) 我想要 (p.3 Useful expressions 右2)本句型是should like或would like的缩略式，常用来表示“愿意”，尤其是礼貌地提出邀请或愿意提供帮助时。like后可接名词或带to的动词不定式，但不接动词-ing形式。1) would like to do sth愿意做某事 - Would you like to go to the cinema with me tomorrow ? 明天你愿意和我一起去看电影吗? - Yes, Id love to. (to不能省略掉) 是的，我愿意去。注意：其否定式为would like not to do sth.2) would like (sb.) to do sth. I would like Tom to do it at once. 我想要汤姆立刻去做这件事。3) would like sth. 要什么东西 Would you like some bread or coffee? 你想要些面包还是喝咖啡?Section II 阅读7. Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is 1ikely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing. 无论中国将来会有什么样的伟大成就，其中许多很有可能会诞生在北京的西北部。(p.3 第一段12行)1) be likely to do sth. 很可能(发生某种情况) Our team is likely to win the game. 这场比赛我们队很可能赢。2) It is likely that + 从句 It is likely that well go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow. 很可能明天我们去森林里野餐。辨析：likely，probable与possible: * likely系常用词，指“从表面现象看很有可能”。* possible指“由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到”，强调“客观上有可能”，但“实际希望很小”。* probable语气比possible强，指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有大概、很可能”的意思。* likely之后常跟不定式 (be likely to do sth.)，而possible，probable之后通常不跟不定式；likely的主语可以是人，而possible，probable的主语不能是人。The hurricane is likely to come. 飓风可能要来。/ It is possible to go to the moon now. 现在有可能登上月球。/ I dont think the story is probable. 我不认为这个故事合情合理。联想：likely; friendly; fatherly; motherly; sisterly brotherly; manly; lovely; lively; lonely; orderly8. Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and 中关村是20世纪90年代末建成的经济特区 (p.3 第二段 第12行) 1) set up: (1) 竖立起来 Lets set up the tent first. 我们先把帐篷搭起来。(2) 建立，成立 Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten. 爱迪生10岁就建立了他自己的化学实验室。(3) 使(自己或他人)从事某职业 (as) He has set himself up as a bookseller. 他开始经营书籍。辨析：set off与set outset off与set out这两个动词短语都有“出发”和“动身”的意思，都可以解释为start to move或begin a journey。set off的原意是“使爆炸” (cause to explode)；set out的原意是“着手做” (begin work with the intention of achieving a particular aim)。注意：set out在用来表示“着手做”时，后面总是跟动词不定式。The slightest spark can set off the explosives stored here. 一点点火星就能够使储存在这里的火药爆炸。/ The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. 那位新闻记者立即着手去获得这些重要的资料，但是他把这些资料寄来却用了很长时间。拓展: set about着手(开始)做; set an example树立榜样; set apart留出，拔出; set fire to点燃，生火; set foot in (或on) 登上；涉足；访问2) as用法小结(1) as用作连词 作“当的时候”解，引导时间状语从句，表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生、同时进行。As he looked at her she made a face. 他看她时，她作了个鬼脸。/ He sang as he walked. 他一边走，一边唱。 作“由于”、“因为”解，引导原因状语从句，表示比较明显的原因。由as引导的原因从句通常放在主句之前。As he didnt know much English，he got out his dictionary and looked up the word. 由于他不懂得多少英语，他拿出来词典查了这个词。 作“如 (不如)一样”解，引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句。He does not speak as the other people do. 他不像其他人那样肯说话。He is not so diligent as you. 他不如你勤奋。(soas只用于否定句。若为肯定句必须用asas)引导让步状语从句时，作“虽然”、“尽管” 解，这时，要将表语或状语提到主语之前，使句子部分倒装。如果表语是名词，放在句首时不能加冠词。Young as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管年轻，他懂得很多。Old man as he is, he still works hard. 尽管他是个老人，他仍然工作很努力。(2) as用作代词 作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，先行词前常有such，the same与之呼应，构成such.as，the same () as。Well make such computers as are needed in different branches of science. 我们将制造出科学的各部门所需要的那种计算机。/ Im reading the same books as you. 我读的书与你读的书相同。引导非限制性定语从句，as常常作主语、定语、表语等，在这种情况下as指的是前面或后面的整个句子。The two cities are far away from each other, as you can see in the map. 正如你在地图上看见的那样，这两座城市相距甚远。/ As everybody knows, all that glitters is not gold. 大家都知道，闪光的东西不都是金子。3) as if (as though) 用作连词，作“就像似的”“仿佛”解 (1) as if (as though)引起的方式状语从句或表语从句中动词一般用虚拟语气, be通常为were或was。如从句动作与主句动作同时发生，从句用一般过去时；若从句动作在主句动作之前发生，从句用过去完成时。Jane shouted in surprise as if she saw the land. 珍妮惊喊着，好像看见了陆地。/ Tom is talking about China as if he had been there. 汤姆正在谈着中国，好像他去过一样。(2)若主句谓语动词为look，seem，taste，smell等词时，as if引导的表语从句常常使用陈述语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来天好像耍下雨。/ This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. 这肉尝起来好像已变坏了。(3)当从句中主语和句子主语一致，从句谓语又包含动词be时，这个主语和be可以省略。He glanced about as if (he was) in search of something. 他四处打量着好像在搜寻什么。(4) as if (as though)可以接一个不定式短语。He waved his hand to me as if to have something to tell me. 他向我挥了挥手好像有事要告诉我。辨析：as，when与whileas，when，while作为连词，都有“当的时候”的意思。* as常可与when或while通用，但它较强调主句和从句中的动作或事情同时发生。因此，常作“一面一面”解。 * while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。用while引导的从句中用延续性动词。As (WhenWhile) I was walking down the street, l noticed a police car in front of Number 37. 我沿着大街往前走的时候，注意到37号门前停着一辆警车。/ When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out. 钟敲12下时，灯全熄了。/ When I went into the lab, the professor was doing an experiment. 当我走进实验室时，那位教授正在做实验。/ Please keep quiet while others are studying. 别人在学习的时候，请保持安静。/ While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV. 昨晚我在写信的时候，他在看电视。误：As he is old, my teacher works hard.正：Old as he is, my teacher works hard.尽管我的老师年龄很大了，但是工作很努力。误：So as to catch the early bus, he got up very early.正：He got up very early so as to (in order to) catch the early bus. 他起早是为了赶早班车。拓展：as a matter of fact实际上; as a result (of)结果; as far as就而言；远至as follows如下as for至于，关于as long as只要; as well as还，也; as to至于，关于; as many as (表可数)和一样多，达之多9. The science park is also home to a growing number of overseas Chinese who have grasped the opportunity to develop their ideas at home. 越来越多的海外华人抓住机会到国内来实现他们的理想。（p.3第三段第1行）grasp的用法：(1) 抓住 v. grasp sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊 (2) (同understand) 掌握，领会n. grasp sb.s meaning 懂某人的意思 (3) n. 常用单数紧握；把握；理解；理解力辨析：grasp，grip，seize，snatch与grab grasp抓紧 / grip紧握；比grasp更强 / seize抓紧；还有“夺过去强占”的含义 / snatch较突然迅速的“掠夺” / grab匆忙，以满有把握的动作抓住某事(1) I grasped him by the arm. 我抓住他的手臂。(2) The frightened girl gripped her mothers arm. 那受惊的女孩紧抓住她母亲的手臂。(3) They seized all the belongings of the peasants. 他们抢走了农民所有的财物。(4) The man snatched her bag and ran away. 那人抢了她的包逃跑了。(5) Each of you may have a sweet, but dont grab. 你们每人可以吃一块糖，但不要抢。拓展：beyond sb.s grasp力量达不到 Grasp all, lose all. 谚样样都要，全数失掉。within sb.s grasp力量达得到10. Zhongguancun made it possible for him to follow his dreams and help the country he loves. 中关村使他有可能实现自己的梦想，同时为他所热爱的国家做出自己的贡献。(p.3 第三段第34行) follow:(1) vt. 遵照，遵循 Gandhi was married at the age of thirteen, following the local custom. 甘地按照当地的风俗，十三岁就结了婚。(2) vt. 听从，服从 The soldiers must follow the officers orders. 士兵们必须执行军官的命令。(3) vt. 明白；懂 He spoke so fast that I could not follow him. 他说得太快，我听不懂他的话。(4) vt. 沿着前进 We followed the road to the top of the hill. 我们沿着这条路走到了小山顶。(5) vt. 跟随 The children followed their mother into theroom. 孩子们跟着母亲进了房间。The results are as follows . 结果如下。to follow through a plan 实行计划 Thats an interesting idea, and well certainly follow it up. 那是一个有意义的想法，我们一定要进一步予以研究。拓展：as follows如下; follow through完成；把进行到底; follow up追究，追查；(对)采取进一步的行动11. I studied abroad because I wanted to see more of the world and work with some of the top scientists in my field. 我到国外学习是因为我想多看看外边的世界，并在我所学的领域跟一些顶极科学家们一起工作。(p.3第四段 第1行) more: (1) n. 较大量，较多量 Im afraid Ive eaten more than enough. 我怕我是吃得过多了。(2) adj. & adv. (many和much的比较级) 更多的(地)；较多的(地)；更This lesson is more difficult than that one. 这课比那课难些。They have more books than us. 他们的书比我们的多。We have more time than before. 我们比以前有较多的时间。拓展： more and more愈来愈多More and more people are learning how to use computers. 越来越多的人在学如何用计算机。 more or less或多或少，在一定程度上What he has said will be proved more or less right他说的话或多或少是对的。 more than多于; .多She is more than thirty她三十多岁了。 no more = not.any more不再He smokes no more. (He didnt smoke any more.) 他不再吸烟了。 no more than仅仅；同一样不 The writer wrote no more than two novels. 那位作家仅仅写了两部小说。This book is no more interesting than that one. 这本书和那本一样没趣。 not more than 至多，不超过；不比更There are not more than five students in the classroom. 教室里至多有五名学生。Lesson 2 is not more difficult than Lesson 3. 第二课不比第三课更难。 once more (=once again) 再一次Youd better try it once more. 你最好再试一次 句型：The more+主句the more；The + 比较级. the + 比较级越就越 The more I look at the picture the less I like it. 这张画我越看，我就越不喜欢它。12. I was so happy. It was wonderful, like a dream come true. 我真高兴，这太棒了，就像梦想成真一样。(p.4 第三段 第1行)(1) like doing sth. 喜欢做某事(经常性爱好) I like drawing and collecting stamps. 我喜欢画画和集邮。(2) like to do sth. 喜欢做某事(具体的) I like to play football this afternoon. 我今天下午想去踢足球。(3) should(would)like to do sth. 想要，愿意 I would like to have some soft drinks. 我想喝些软饮料。(4) would(should)like sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事I would like you to do it now. 我想让你现在做这件事。注意：口语中like亦可作连词，意为“如同、好像”。如：Do it like I tell you. 照我告诉你的做。辨析：as与likeas和like都用以表示“相像”。as表示“相像”时是介词或连词。as作介词用时可译为“作为”，而like则不能。like表示“像”的意思，一般是作为形容词、介词，也可以作为连接词。We united as one. 我们团结得像一个人。Study as Lenin studied. 像列宁那样学习。The work is not so easy as you think. 这个工作不像你想的那么容易。The picture is not at all like. 这张画画得一点不像。He looks like a girl. 他看上去像个女孩子。He can drive the tractor like you do. 他能像你一样开拖拉机。Let me speak to you as a father. 让我以父亲的身份与你讲话。(me是父亲) As your teacher, I think it my duty to point out your mistakes. 作为老师，我认为指出你的错误是我的责任。13. Not all the new companies can succeed, 并不是所有的公司都会取得成功， (p.4最后一段 第2行) all(1) adj. 所有的，全部的，整个的 All the people stand- ing by and those at the windows cried out. 站在街道两旁和窗口的人都叫喊起来。Ive never had anybody speak to me that way in all my life. 在我一生中我从未让任何人对我用那种方式讲话。(2) pron. 所有的人或东西，一切。作主语指人时，谓语动词用复数；指物时，谓语动词用单数。All the children are busy. 所有这些孩子们都很忙。So all she could d0 was to go back home. 她能做的一切就是回家去。(3) all后接定语从句，指物时不能用which，要用that。This is a11 that you want这就是你要的一切。(4) all与否定副词not，never等连用是部分否定，表示“一切不都是”“不是所有的都”。Not all the ants go out for food. 不是所有的蚂蚁都出去觅食。拓展：all day long整天; all kinds of各种各样的; all night long整夜; all ones life某人一生，终身; all over全身，到处; all over the country (world)全国(世界) all the afternoon整个下午 in all总共，总计 after all毕竟，终究Section III 词汇、综合技能14. Chinese history is filled with great achievements in science and technology. 中国的历史充满着科技方面的成就。(p.7 第一段 第1行)with的复合结构。即with + 宾语 + 宾补(1) He likes to sleep with the window open. (adj. 作宾补)他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。(2) With her son away from home, she was worried. (adv. 短语作宾补) 由于她的儿子离家出走，所以她很担心。(3) She came in with a baby in her arms. (介词短语作宾补) 她抱着孩子进来了。(4) With the problem settled, we went on smoothly. (过去分词作宾补) 由于问题得到解决，我们进展顺利。(5) With a local guide leading the way, we got there easily. (现在分词短语作宾补) 由于当地向导带路，我们很容易到了那儿。(6) With her husband to help her, she worked it out. (不定式作宾补) 由于她丈夫帮助她，她解决了这个问题。注意：with的复合结构既可以作状语，又可以作定语。15. In 1995, the Chinese government put forward a plan for “rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education” 1995年，中国政府提出了“科教兴国”的规划。(p.7 第一段45行) 1) put fo