高考英语 阅读理解精英练习题（24）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精英练习题（24）及答阅读理解tuvalu, north of fiji, is a tiny country in the pacific ocean.storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of tuvalus nine little islands is more than five metres above sea level. salt water is already entering the countrys drinking water supply, as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetable. it fears it will be swallowed up by the sea. without urgent help, the countrys days are numbered.but tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea. venice, a historic city in italy best known for its canals, has sunk about 24cm over the past 100 years. experts say that it will have sunk another 20-50cm by 2050.a century ago, st. marks square, the lowest point in the city, flooded about nine time a year. nowdays it happens more than 100 times.while venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands, tuvalus rising sea level is caused by global warming.the average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degree over the past century; scientists expect it to rise by an extra 1-3 degrees over the next 100 years.warmer weather makes glaciers（冰川） melt, adding more water to the ocean. the warmer temperatures also make water expand, so it take up more space, causing the sea level to rise. the sea level has risen about 10-25cm in the last 100 years.people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as co2, through burning coal, oil and gas. this adds to the power of the greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer.many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes. the sea level could rise by one metre this century.should this come true, millions of homes would be swallowed up by the sea and the world will be flooded with climate refugees looking for somewhere else to live.17we can infer from paragraph 2 that .atuvalu is in danger of being swallowed up by the seaball tuvalu islands are about five meters above the sea levelcdrinking water in tuvalu has been destroyeddtuvalu is often flooded by storms and waves18the author uses tuvalu and venice as examples in order to explain . ait is first places sinking into the seabit is sinking into the mud where they standcit will disappear in the futuredits trouble is caused by global warming19what does the underlined word refugees (in the last paragraph)mean?apeople forced away from their homelandbsudden changes caused by world climatecanimals closely connected with weatherdbad effect of climate changes20which of the following is not true according to the text?athe main cause of global warming is human pollutionbthe average global temperature has risen by 1-3 over the past century.cthe warmer temperature causes the sea level to risedthere will be huge climate changes unless the warming is stopped 1720 adab 阅读理解-dthe income gap between chinas rural and urban residents（居民） has continued to widen during the past few years in spite of rapidly rising rural incomes, agricultural minister sun zhengcai said here on wednesday the income ratio（比率） between urban and rural residents was 328:1 in 2006, against 323:1 in 2003, said sun in his report on the promotion of building a new countryside in 2007sun also said the net income of rural residents in different regions also varied widelythe income gap is only one of several problems in rural areas, according to suns reportwhile listing the achievements in rural areas in recent years, sun believed that rural development still followed behind urban development we have bigger pressure to ensure the supply of major agricultural products such as grain, he saidchinas urbanization（都市化） has been speeded up and more rural residents have gone to urban areas, he said in this case, more agricultural producers become farm produce consumers, which created more pressure for supply, he said another problem facing chinas agricultural development is inadequate application of science and technology only 30 percent of scientific and technological achievements have been applied to agricultural production, which is 40 percentage points lower than developed countries, he said despite increased government spending in rural areas, the infrastructure（基础下部组织） is still poor and easily hit by disasters according to sun, the government spent 4318 billion yuan （$5915 billion） on agriculture, rural areas and farmers this year, an increase of 801 billion yuan over the previous year china set aside 1138 billion yuan to promote a new rural cooperative medical care system and 2798 billion yuan to support the new compulsory education mechanism in rural area to ensure that all citizens shared the fruits of chinas reform and opening-up, sun said68which of the following is true according to the text? abecause of the rapidly rising rural incomes, the income gap between chinas rural and urban residents will disappear this year bthe net income of rural residents in different regions is the same cthe government has taken measures to develop the economy in the rural areas dbecause of the rapidly rising rural incomes, the supply of major agricultural products is enough69can you infer the meaning of the underlined words in paragraph 5? abe made full use of bbe made little use of cbe not made full use of dbe made good use of70how much is spent on agriculture, rural areas and farmers the previous year? a4318 billion yuan b5119 billion yuan c3517 billion yuan d801 billion yuan71which is not the problem in rural areas? athe income gap bthe inadequate application of science and technology cthe supply of major agricultural products dchinas urbanization 68c 【解析】主旨大意题。文章最后一段提到了政府对农村的投入，可知政府采取了措施来发展乡村经济。69c【解析】细节题。由接下来提到应用的比率及这个比率与发达国家的比较，可知应用得并不充分，但也不是只有一点儿。70c 【解析】细节题。今年是4318，比去年增长了801，那么去年应当是这两个数的差，即3517。71d【解析】细节题。d当中提到的中国的城市化引起了农村人口的流动，这是引起农村问题的原因，不是问题本身。阅读理解-emass transportation revised the social and economic fabric（结构） of the american city in three fundamental waysit catalyzed（加速） physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban lifeby opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern erain 1850, for example, the borders of boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten milesnow those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainmentthe new accessibility of land around the periphery（周围） of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawlbetween 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of chicago, most of them located in outlying areasover the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan areaanxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the chicago region in just thirty years lots that could have housed five to six million peopleof course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around chicago and other citiesthese excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl（建筑物无计划延伸） was essentially unplannedit was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land usersthose who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to itchicago is a prime example of this processreal estate subdivision （再划分小区）there proceeded much faster than population growth72with which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?atypes of mass transportationbinstability of urban lifechow supply and demand determine land usedthe effect of mass transportation on urban expansion73why does the author mention both boston and chicago?ato demonstrate positive and negative effects of growthbto exemplify cities with and without mass transportationcto show mass transportation changed many citiesdto contrast their rate of growth74according to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?ait was expensivebit happened too slowlycit was unplanneddit created a demand for public transportation75the author mentions chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,athat is largebthat is used as a model for land developmentcwhere the development of land exceeded population growthdwith an excellent mass transportation system参考答案72d 【解析】主旨大意题。公共交通运输对城市扩展的影响。文章开门见山提出这一点“公共交通运输从三个根本方面改变了美国城市的社会和经济结构。”后面文章内容就是三方面的具体化。a公共交通运输类型。 b 城市生活的不稳定性。 c 供需如何决定土地利用。这三项文中作为具体问题提到，并不是文章涉及的主要题目。73c 【解析】细节题。说明公共交通改变了许多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“举例说，1850年，波士顿市界离老的商业地区几乎不到2英里，到了这世纪末，其半径扩至10英里。现在供得起的人们可以住得很远，远离老的城市中心，仍然来回去那里上班、购物和娱乐”。第七句，“举例说，在1890至1920年期间，据记载，芝加哥市界内有约250，000个新的住宅楼区大多数设在郊区。经过同样这段时期，市区外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地区内，又计划建造了550，000个住宅楼区。”a表示成长的正反两方面效果。b 举有无公共交通运输的城市为例。 d 对比两者成长率；都不是本文中举两城市例子的目的。74c【解析】细节题。没有计划。见第二段第三句起“城市扩展蔓延根本无计划，好几千个小的投资商进行扩展，毫不考虑相互协调配合利用土地，也不考虑未来土地利用。”a太贵 和 b太慢，两个选项，文内没有提。d它创造了对公共交通运输的需求。这不是住宅扩展的一个缺点，而是三个根本改变城市的一个方面。见第一段第三句：“通过大量开发未占土地扩建住宅，公共汽车、马车、铁路、来回火车，有轨电车把已有人定居的居住区向外扩展了三四倍，比他们先现代时期的市中心更远。”75c【解析】细节题。（第二段中以芝加哥城市例子说明）土地开发超过人口增长速度。答案详见第二段“这些购买和置备土地建设住宅，特别是购置临近城市或就在市界外的土地，抢在交通线路和中产阶层的居民进去之前。他们这样做的目的是创造一种需求，也是响应这种需求。芝加哥就是这种过程的典型例子。那里的房地产小块土地比人口增长快得很多很多。”a 城市大。b 用作土地开发的样板。d 具有优越的公共的交通系统。（2011上海卷）(b)humpback whalesblowhole dorsal finquick factssize: 14m-18m in length; 30-50 tons in weightliving: open ocean and shallow coastlinewatersenvironment: from warm tropical(热带的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eatdiet: shellfish, plants and fish of small sizehunting: sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. the fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.current state; endangered; it is estimated that there are about 5000-7500humpback whales worldwidetail flukes pectoral finhumpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. this is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. the name “humpback”, whichis the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whales back forms as it dives. sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement known as a breach. during breaching the whaleuses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. a breach might alsoinclude a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings,as the whale reaches the height of the breach.a humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the topof the head. it blows a double stream of water that can riseup to 4 meters above the water.the humpback has a small dorsal fin located towardsthe tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back.other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins,which may be up to a third of the body length, and uniqueblack and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. these markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same.humpback whales live in large groups. they communicate with each other through complex “songs”.69. according to quick facts, a humpback whale _.a. cannot survive in waters near the shoreb. doesnt live in the same waters all the timec. lives mainly on underwater plantsd. prefers t work alone when hunting food70. to make a breach, a humpback whale must _a. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water b. twist its body sideways t jump highc. blow two streams of waterd. communicate with a group of humpbacks71. from the passage we can learn that a humpback whale _.a. has its unique markings on its tail flukesb. has black and white fingerprints c. gets its name from the way it huntsd. is a great performer due to its songs【答案】baa阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。awill nanfang university of science and technology in shenzhen announce a new beginning for chinas higher education reform? its too early to answer.but its presence is challenging the ministry of education.even without the approval of the ministry it seems that the school is determined to move forward and enroll 50 students, so-called child prodigies(奇才), to begin classes on march l, 2011.on graduating in 2015, these students will receive a diploma unauthorized by the ministry of education-unlike the students of their age from the state-run universities.the school is committed to modeling itself on hong kong university of science and technology, but if the government will not approve the school, the situation could cause a lot of trouble for those 50 students if they want to do graduate studies at other higher learning institutions.other schools could turn their applications down for their unauthorized diplomas.the difficulties, however, have not frightened students and their parents away.on dec.18, 2010 more than 1,000 students and their parents visited nanfang university of science and technology for interviews.private investment marks the school out from other higher learning institutions in the nation.not a penny comes from the government. so the government will have no voice in how the school will be run.the ministry of education has published a comprehensive plan for education reform and development between 2011 and 2020.the g