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壳体的加工工艺夹具工装设计【钻底座孔+钻侧面螺纹底孔】【9张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

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壳体的加工工艺夹具工装设计【钻底座孔+钻侧面螺纹底孔】【全套CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】.rar

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关键词：: 壳体加工工艺夹具工装设计底座侧面螺纹罗纹底孔全套 cad 图纸毕业论文答辩通过

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摘要

这次毕业设计内容涵盖了机械加工工艺和机床专用夹具设计、金属切削机床、公差尺寸与机械测量等各个方面的内容。

支撑壳体加工工艺及其钻4-7孔的夹具设计是包括零件加工的工艺设计、加工工序设计及专用夹具设计这三部分。机械加工工艺设计是在机械制造技术等专业课程所学的理论知识上，发挥专业知识解决实际生产问题的一次实践训练。机械制造技术定义：机械的生产过程中，改变生产对象的形状，尺寸，相对位置和性质等使其称为半成品或者成品的工艺过程。以工艺文件的形式确定下来的工艺过程叫做工艺规程。将铸件，锻件毛坯或者钢材经过机械加工的方法，改变它们的形状，尺寸，表面质量，使其称为合格零件的过程，称为机械加工工艺过程。在工艺设计中，要对零件进行了解，了解零件的作用，应用场合，分析它的技术要求，这样可以保证零件的加工质量，还可以提高其生产效率。要研究零件毛培的工艺结构，制定出粗精基准，在设计出对应的加工工艺过程，完成工艺过程卡；然后按照工艺过程卡的要求，测量计算毛培每个工步所需的加工机床设备及其切削用量；然后按照所需加工要求，设计该机床的专用夹具，选择设计出夹具的各个组成部件，如定位元件、夹紧元件、引导元件、夹具体与机床的连接部件以及其它部件；设计的夹具尽量操作方便，加紧稳定，从而改善加工强度来获得更好的经1济效益。

关键词：切削用量；定位；误差

ABSTRCT

The graduation design content covers the mechanical processing technology and machine tool fixture design, metal cutting machine tool, the size of the tolerance and mechanical measurements, etc. All aspects of content.

Processing technology and its supporting shell drill holes 4— fixture design is including part machining process design, process design and special fixture design three partsMachining process design in mechanical manufacturing technology and other professional course learning theory knowledge, play to the professional knowledge to solve practical production problems in a practical training. Machinery manufacturing technology definition: the production process, the production object to change shape, size, position and nature make it as the processes of semi-finished products or finished products. In the form of process documentation process is called process planning has been fixed. Castings, forging blank or steel after mechanical processing method, to change their shape, size, surface quality, which is called the qualified parts process, referred to as the machining process.In process design, want to know of parts, explore the effects of components, applications, and to analyze its technical requirements, so that we can ensure parts processing quality, also can improve the production efficiency.Must study parts mao pei process structures, develop coarse fine benchmark, during the process, designed the corresponding processing technology to complete the process cards; Then, according to the requirements of process card measurement calculation mao pei required of each machine tool equipment and cutting parameter;Required processing requirements, and then according to the special fixture design of the machine tool, select each designed fixture components, such as positioning device, clamping device, led components, specific connection with machine parts and other parts; Design of fixture is easy to operate, as far as possible to stability, so as to improve the processing strength to obtain better economic benefit.

Key words:Cutting parameter;positioning;The tolerance

摘要...........................................................................................................................................Ⅲ

ABSTRCTIV

1.绪论..............................................................................................................................................1

2．零件的分析2

2.1 零件的作用2

2.2夹具的作用2

2.3 零件的工艺分析3

2.3.1零件工艺流程概念3

2.3.2壳体工艺分析3

3. 工艺规程设计5

3.1 机械加工工艺规程内容5

3.2 确定毛坯的制作形式5

3.2.1 毛坯的设计6

3.3基面和基准的设计7

3.3.1基面的概念7

3.3.2 精基准的选择8

3.4制定工艺路线9

3.5 机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定10

3.6 确定切削用量及基本工时11

4. 夹具设计..................................................................................................................................20

4.1 问题的提出20

4.2 定位基准的选择20

4.4 定位误差分析21

4.5夹具和夹具设计及操作简要说明23

4.5.1夹具定义23

5. 结论与展望27

5.1结论27

5.2 不足之处与未来展望28

致谢30

参考文献31

附录32

1. 绪论

机械制造业指从事各种动力机械、起重运输机械、农业机械、冶金矿山机械、化工机械、纺织机械、机床、工具、仪器、仪表及其他机械设备等生产的行业。机械制造业为整个国民经济提供技术装备，其发展水平是国家工业化程度的主要标志之一。机械制造业的产品既可以直接供人们使用，也可以为其它行业的生产提供装备。。据统计美国60%财富来自制造业，俄罗斯占48%,中国制造业在工业总产值中也占有40%。制造业是国家立国之本，是一个国家或地区发展的重要基础及有力支柱。从某中意义上讲，机械制造水平的高低是衡量一个国家国民经济综合实力和科学技术水平的重要指标。

壳体的加工工艺规程及其钻4-Φ7的夹具设计是在学完了机械制图、机械制造技术基础、机械设计、机械工程材料等进行课程设计之后的下一个教学环节。壳体是组成机器或部件的主要零件之一，对其他零件有支撑和保护的作用。壳体部分常设计有安装轴密封盖，轴承盖等零件的凸台，凹坑，沟槽等。因此结构复杂。壳体的加工质量不仅影响其装配进度和运动进度，而且影响机器工作精度，使用寿命，性能等。正确地解决一个零件在加工中的定位，夹紧以及工艺路线安排，工艺尺寸确定等问题，并设计出专用夹具，提高加工效率，减轻劳动强度，也保证零件加工精度。本次设计也要培养自己的自学与创新能力。因此本次设计综合性和实践性强、涉及知识面广。所以在设计中既要注意基本概念、基本理论，又要注意生产实践的需要，只有将各种理论与生产实践相结合，才能很好的完成本次设计。

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内容简介：: 1.新建零件图.如下图：2.选择需要作图的平面进入草绘界面如下图：3. 分析此零件发现该零件为非对称结构，所以需要将其拆分成若干图块分别绘制，首先绘制零件的底部圆柱体。如下图：4.草绘完成后进行拉伸完成圆柱体如下图：5. 上步完成后选择圆柱体的一平面为基准面进入绘制地盘圆柱体四周的小突起如下图：6.草绘后完成拉伸如下图：7.选择上步的草绘的基准面草绘圆如下图：8.拉伸切除后得到如图四个通孔如下图：9.选择上步草绘的基准平面草绘四个圆如下图：10.拉伸切除得到四凹槽如下图：11.底盘绘制完成后继续往上绘制壳体身部，选择上步使用的基准平面进行草绘如下图：12.拉伸草绘图形得到如下图结构如下图：13.选择刚拉伸圆柱的上平面为基准面草绘如下线条如下图：14拉伸后得到如下图所示：15.以上步得到的垂直平面为基准面草绘如下尺寸图形：16.继续拉伸得到下述图形17.选择侧平面为基准面草绘如下尺寸图形18.拉伸后得到下图19.以最上平面为基准面草绘上盘图形如下图：20.拉伸草绘图形得到上盘如下图：21.以上平面为基准草绘如下图：22.拉上上步草绘图形得到侧筋如下图：23.草绘加强筋平面如下图：24.拉伸加强筋如下图：25.草绘壳体中心阶梯孔如下图：26.拉伸阶梯孔如下图：27.以阶梯孔下平面为基准面绘制通孔圆如下图：28.拉伸通孔圆，得到如图通孔如下图：29.对阶梯孔外周进行倒角如下图：30.同上31.选取壳体侧平面为基准面草绘如下图：32.拉伸切除后得到如图凹槽如下图：33.选择壳体最上平面草绘圆位置如下图：34.拉伸切除圆形得到如下图柱孔：35.选择壳体背面平面为基准平面草绘如下图：36.拉伸切除草绘图形，得到如下图凹孔：37.以上步拉伸切除后成形的凹孔下平面为基准面草绘如下图尺寸圆：38.拉伸切除得到如下图凹孔：39.以壳体侧凸面为基准面草绘圆如下图：40.拉伸切除草绘圆得到如下图所示凹孔：41.以上步完成的凹孔下平面为基准面草绘如下图尺寸圆：42.拉伸切除草绘圆得到如下图所示孔：43.以壳体最上平面为基准面草绘如下图所示六个圆：44.拉伸切除草绘圆得到如下图所示六个通孔：45.以壳体顶盖背面平面为基准面草绘如下图所示圆46.拉伸切除草绘圆，得到如下图所示阶梯孔：47.以壳体侧平面切除面为基准面草绘如下图所示两圆：48.拉伸草绘圆：如下图：49.试用螺旋扫面切除命令绘制螺纹如下图：50.选择侧加强筋孔试用上步命令绘制螺纹如下图：最后安照图纸要求R角标准进行倒角，完成壳体三维绘图如下图：26 Cylinder block machining process design Engine parts engine block is a more complex structure of spare parts box, its high precision, complex process, and the processing quality will affect the overall performance engine, so it has become the engine manufacturers focus parts one.Technical Characteristics of the engine cylinder block Cylinder cast for a whole structure, and its upper part 4 cylinder mounting hole; cylinder standard cylinder is divided into upper and lower divisions into two parts; cylinder to the rear of the front-side arrangement of the previous three coaxial mounting hole of the camshaft and the idler axle hole. Cylinder process features are: the structure of complex shape; processing plane, more than holes; uneven wall thickness and stiffness is low; processing of high precision typical of box-type processing part. The main processing of the surface of cylinder block top surface, the main bearing side, cylinder bore, the main and camshaft bearing bore holes and so on, they will directly affect the machining accuracy of the engine assembly precision and performance, mainly rely on precision equipment, industrial fixtures reliability and processing technology to ensure the reasonableness.1.Engine block process design principles and the basis for Design Technology program should be to ensure product quality at the same time, give full consideration to the production cycle, cost and environmental protection; based on the enterprises ability to actively adopt advanced process technology and equipment, and constantly enhance their level of technology. Engine block machining process design should follow the following basic principles: (1) The selection of processing equipment ,the principle of selection adopted the principle of selection adopted the principle of combining rigid-flexible, processing each horizontal machining center is located mainly small operations with vertical machining center, the key process a crank hole, cylinder hole, balancer shaft hole High-speed processing of high-precision horizontal machining center, an upper and lower non-critical processes before and after the four-dimensional high-efficiency rough milling and have a certain adjustment range of special machine processing; (2) focus on a key process in principle process the body cylinder bore, crankshaft hole, Balance Shaft hole surface finishing and the combination of precision milling cylinder head, using a process focused on a setup program to complete all processing elements in order to ensure product accuracy The key quality processes to meet the cylinder capacity and the relevant technical requirements; According to the technological characteristics of automobile engine cylinder block and the production mandate, the engine block machining automatic production line is composed of horizontal machining center CWK500 and CWK500D machining centers, special milling/boring machine, vertical machining centers matec-30L and other appliances. (1) top and bottom, and tile covered only the combination of aperture rough milling machine dedicated to this machine to double-sided horizontal milling machine, using moving table driven parts, machine tools imported Siemens S7-200PLC system control, machine control cabinet set up an independent, cutting automate the process is completed and two kinds of automatic and adjust the state; (2) high-speed horizontal machining center machining center can be realized CWK500 the maximum flow of wet processing, but because of equipment, automatic BTA treatment system through the built-in tray under the wide-type chip conveyor and the completion of the machining center can be dry processing; machine tool spindle speed 6000r/min,rapid feeding speed 38m/min; (3) The combination of front and rear face rough milling machine tool using hydraulic transmission; control system imported Siemens S7-200PLC system control, machine tools have a certain flexibility; (4) The special machine TXK1500 this machine vertical machining center by the modification of shape, with vertical machining center features and performance, this machine has high strength, high wear-resistant, high stability, high accuracy, high-profile etc.; (5) high-speed vertical machining center matec-30L of the machining center spindle high speed 9000r/min.Control system uses Siemens SINUMERIK840D control system; (6) high-speed horizontal machining center spindle CWK500Dhighest speed 15000r/min.2.Engine block machining process design the main content Engine block complex structure, high precision, arge size, is thin-walled parts, there are a number of high precision plane and holes. Engine block machining process characteristics; mainly flat and the hole processing, processing of flat generally use planing, milling methods such as processing, processing of hole used mainly boring, processing and multi-purpose drilling holes. As the cylinder complex structure. so how to ensure that the mutual position of the surface processing precision is an important issue.3.1 The selection of blank Engine block on the materials used are generally gray cast iron HT150,HT200,HT250,there is also cast aluminum or steel plate, this engine block using high-strength alloy cast iron. Cylinder in the processing prior to aging treatment in order to eliminate stress and improve the rough casting mechanical properties. Improve the rough accuracy, reduction of machining allowance, is to improve the automated production line system productivity and processing quality of the important measures. As the foreign box-type parts of rough quality and high precision, and its production-line system has been implemented directly on the blank line, not only eliminating the need for blank check device also saves the rough quality problems due to waste of machining time, increase overall efficiency. Therefore, the refinement of rough is to improve the productivity of the most promising way out. For the engine block production line, can be rough in parts on-line pre-milling six face, removing most of the margin, to facilitate direct on-line parts.3.2 Machining process selection and processing of the benchmark Choose the right processing technology base is directly related to the processing quality can ensure the parts. Generally speaking, process benchmarking can be divided into coarse and fine reference base. (1) The baseline for the on-line thick rough, which is particularly important the choice of benchmark crude, if crude benchmark choice unreasonable, will the uneven distribution of machining allowance, processing and surface offsets, resulting in waste. In the cylinder production line, we have adopted for the coarse side of the base; (2) Refined the base of this box for the engine block parts, the general use of side two sales for a full range of uniform benchmarks, For the longer automated production positioning, therefore, will be divided into 2-3 segment pin holes used. In the cylinder pin hole of the process, we have adopted to the side, bottom and the spindle hole positioning, in the processing center on the process.3.3 Machining Processing Stages and processes of the arrangements Often a part of many apparent need for processing, of course, the surface machining accuracy are different. Processing of high precision surface, often after repeated processing; As for the processing of the surface of low precision, only need to go through one or two on the list. Thus, when the development process in order to seize the processing high precision surface, this conflict, the reasonable arrangement processes and rational division stage of processing. Arrange the order of the principle of process is: after the first coarse refined, the first surface after the hole, the first benchmark other. In the engine block machining, the same should follow this principle. (1) roughing stage engine block machining process, the arrangements for roughing process, to fully carry out rough rough, trim most of the margin in order to ensure production efficiency; (2) semi-finishing phase of the engine block machining, in order to ensure the accuracy of the middle of some important surface processing, and arrange some semi-finishing operations, will be required accuracy and surface roughness of the surface of the middle of some processing to complete, while demanding the surface of semi-finished, to prepare for future finishing; (3) The finishing stage of requiring high accuracy and surface roughness of the surface processing; (4) secondary processing, such as small surface screw holes, you can finish of the major surface after the one hand, when the workpiece deformation process little impact at the same time also reduced the rejection rate;In addition,if the main surface of a waste,these small the surface will not have to be processed,thus avoiding a waste of man-hours.However,if the processing is very easy for a small surface bumps the main surface,it should be placed on a small surface finish prior to the main surface finishing; (5) should make proper arrangements for secondary processes such as product inspection process,in part roughing stage,the key process before and after processing,spare parts all the processing has been completed,should be appropriate arrangements. Stage of processing division,has the following advantages:First,it can take measures to eliminate the rough workpiece after the stress,to ensure accuracy; second,finishing on the back,and will not damage during transport the surface of the workpiece has been processed;again,first roughing the surface defects can be detected early and promptly deal with rough,do not waste working hours.But most small parts,do not sub very thin.3.4 cylinder surface of the main processing and secondary processes Cylinder surface and support the main processing operations are: (1) plane processing at present, the milling of engine blocks is the primary means of planar processing,domestic milling feed rate is generally 300-400mm/min,and foreign 2000-4000mm/min milling feed rate compared to far cry,to be on increasing,therefore,improve the milling feed rate,reduce overhead time is to improve the productivity of the major means of finishing a number of plane engine block when the milling feed rate to reach 2399mm/min,greatly improved efficiency; Top surface of the cylinder milling is a key process in the process,the flatness requirements for 0.02/145mm,the surface roughness of Ra1.6um.Processing in the cylinder,the use of side and spindle bearing bore positioning,top,bottom and middle vagay only aperture while processing used in the processing line outside of the knife device can better meet the engine block machining accuracy; (2) General holes machining holes in general are still using the traditional processing of drilling,expansion,boring,reaming,tapping and other craft approach. Issues in the design process of specific programs,use of coated cutting tools,cutting tools and other advanced tools within the cooling,and using a large flow of cooling systems,greatly improving the cutting speed,improved productivity; (3) deep hole processing of the traditional processing method is used to grade twist drill feed,low efficiency of their production,processing and quality is poor.The deep hole in the engine block processing,the use of gun drilling process; (4) The three-axis machining holes for the cylinder-axis machining holes holes of high precision,long working hours of the restrictive process.Thus,work arrangements,processing methods,tools and so on should be special attention.All cover pre-processing,that is,semi-circular hole and the cylinder block main bearing cap of the shortage of processing,its main purpose is to remove blank margin,release stress,to prepare for the post-order processing;in crankshaft machining processing center hole,using double-sided Boring,boring the first holes in the crankshaft hole at one end to 1/2 length,and then turn 180 degrees workbench,form the other end and then bore another 1/2 length. (5) The cylinder bore machining cylinder hole cylinder machining processing is a key process in the one,under normal circumstances,the machining process as a rough boring,semi-fine boring,precision boring and honing.Cylinder bore wall for the early detection of casting defects,eliminate stress,should be thick cylinder boring holes in advance;due to the structural characteristics of the different cylinder bore,must be in honing process to improve the cylinder bore surface quality.In the high-volume production,the cylinder bore honing generally use the multi-axis grinding machine or honing Automatic Line.Here we use honing automatic lines,from the coarse-heng.Fine-heng and testing equipment,composed of three; (6) Cleaning cleaning isdivided into wet cleaning and dry cleaning.Machining cylinder automatic production line using a large flow of wet cleaning; (7) Detect points outside the line detection and line detection of two kinds. Quality inspection in the engine block,according to the actual situation with lines outside the detection,the main use of coordinate measuring machine integrated measurements of the cylinder,each 200 samples 1-5 pieces,each class random one.3.Summary Through the engine block of the structure and process characteristics of the analysis,discusses the engine block machining process design principles and basis of the choice of cutting parameters,and U-turn at high speed milling and boring,for example,design,analysis of the engine cylinder body of high-speed milling and turnover boring process,and in the processing need to pay attention to.加工工艺设计缸体是零件中结构较为复杂的箱体零件，其精度要求高，加工工艺复杂，并且加工加工质量的好坏直接影响发动机整个机构的性能，因此，它成为各个发动机生产厂家所关注的重点零件之一。1.缸体的工艺特点缸体为一整体铸造结构，其上部有4个缸套安装孔；缸体的水平隔板将缸体分成上下两部分；缸体的前端面从到后排列有三个同轴线的凸轮轴安装孔和惰轮轴孔。缸体的工艺特点是：结构、形状复杂；加工的平面和孔比较多；壁厚不均，刚度低；加工精度要求高，属于典型的箱体类加工零件。缸体的主要加工表面有顶面、主轴承侧面、缸孔、主轴承孔及凸轮轴孔等，它们的加工精度将直接影响发动机的装配精度和工作性能，主要依靠设备进度、工夹具的可靠性和加工工艺的合理性来保证。2. 发动机缸体工艺方案设计原则和依据设计工艺方案应在保证产品质量的同时，充分考虑生产周期、成本和环境保护；根据本企业能力，积极采用国内外先进的工艺技术和装备，不断提高企业工艺水平。发动机缸体机械加工工艺设计应遵循以下基本原则：（1）加工设备选型原则加工设备选型采用刚柔结合的原则，加工设备以卧式加工中心为主，少量采用立式加工中心，关键工序曲轴孔、缸孔、平衡轴孔加工采用高精度高速卧式加工中心，非关键工序上下前后四个平面的粗铣采用高效并有一定调整范围的专用机床加工；（2）集中工序原则关键工序曲轴孔、缸孔、平衡轴孔的精加工缸盖结合面的精铣，采用在集中在一道工序一次装夹完成全部加工内容方案，以确保产品精度满足缸体关键品质的工艺性能和有关技术要求。根据汽车发动机缸体的工艺特点和生产任务要求，发动机缸体机械加工自动生产线由卧式加工中心CWK500和CWK500D加工中心、专用铣/镗床、立式加工中心matec-30L等设备组成。（1）顶底面及瓦盖止口面粗铣组合机床本机床为双面卧式专用铣床，采用移动工作台带动工件，机床采用进口西门子S7-200PLC系统控制，机床设独立电控柜，切削过程自动化完成，有自动和调整两种状态；（2）高速卧式加工中心CWK500 该加工中心可实现最大流量的湿加工，但由于设备自动排屑处理系统是通过位于托盘下的内置宽式排屑器而完成，该加工中心可以进行干加工；机床主轴转速6000r/min，快速进给速度38m/min；（3）前后端面粗铣组合机床机床采用液压传动；控制系统采用进口西门子S7-200PLC系统控制，机床具有一定的柔性；（4）采用机床TXK1500 本机床有立式加工中心改造而成形，具备立式加工中心的特点及性能，该机床具有高精度、高强度、高耐磨度、高稳定性、高配置等优点；（5）高速立式加工中心matec-30L 该加工中心主轴最高转速9000 r/min。控制系统采用西门子公司SINUMERIK840D控制系统（6）高速卧式加工中心CWK500D 主轴最高转速15000 r/min。3. 发动机缸体机械加工工艺设计的主要内容发动机缸体结构复杂，精度要求高，尺寸较大，是薄壁零件，有若干精度要求较高的平面和孔。发动机缸体机械加工的工艺特点是：主要是平面和孔的加工，加工平面一般采用刨、铣削等方法加工，加工孔主要采用镗削，加工小孔多用钻削。由于缸体结构复杂，因此如何保证各表面的相互位置精度是加工中的一个重要问题。3.1 毛坯的选择发动机缸体采用的材料一般是灰铸铁HT150、HT200、HT250，也有采用铸铝或者钢板的，此发动机缸体采用高强度合金铸铁。缸体在加工前进行时效处理，以消除铸件内应力和改善毛坯的力学性能。提高毛坯精度，减少加工余量，是提高自动生产线系统生产率及加工质量的重要措施。由于国外箱体类零件毛坯质量和精度较高，其生产线系统已实现了毛坯直接上线，既省去了毛坯检查装置，也节省了由于毛坯质量问题而浪费的加工工时，提高了综合效益。因此，精化毛坯是提高生产率最有潜力的出路。对于发动机缸体生产线，可在零件上线前粗铣六个面，去除大部分余量，便于零件直接上线。3.2机械加工工艺基准的选择和加工选择合理的加工工艺基准，直接关系到能否保证零件的加工质量。一般来说，工艺基准可分为粗基准和精基准。（1）粗基准对于上线的毛坯，其粗基准的选择尤为重要，如果粗基准选择不合理，会使加工余量分布不均匀，加工面偏移，造成废品。在缸体生产线中，我们采用侧面作为粗基准；（2）粗基准对于发动机缸体这种箱体零件来说，一般采用“一面两销”为全线的统一基准。对于较长的自动自动生产线系统，由于定位销孔在使用过

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