【步步高】高考英语 Module 46 同步导学 外研版选修8(1).doc

【步步高】2015届高中英语 module 4-6 同步导学 外研版选修8重点单词1.clarify /klrfai/ v弄明白；澄清2.vague /vei/ adj.不明确的；含糊的3withdraw /widr/ v收回；撤销(说过的话) 4.potential /ptenl/adj.潜在的；可能的5sympathy /simpi/ n同情；同情心 6.consistent /knsistnt/ adj.一致的；吻合的7dignity /dinti/ n尊贵；尊严 8.supreme /sprim/ adj.最高超的；最优的9consult /knslt/ v咨询；请教10convinced /knvinst/ adj.确信的，信服的convincing adj.令人信服的convince vt.使确信；说服11significance /sinifikns/ n意义；含义significant adj.有重大意义的12approval /pruvl/ n赞许；赞成approve v赞成，同意13reject /ridekt/ v拒绝接受rejection n拒绝14tendency /tendnsi/ n趋向，倾向tend v趋向15assume /sjum/ v假定，假设assumed adj.假设的assumption n假设16patience /peins/ n耐心patient n病人；adj.有耐心的，忍耐的17prove /pruv/ v证明是；被发现是proof n证据；证明18appeal /pil/ n魅力，吸引力appealing adj.有吸引力的，有趣的19approve /pruv/ v赞成；同意approval n赞成；同意20caution /kn/ v警告；劝小心cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的 21resist /rizist/ v反抗；抵抗resistant adj.抗的；防的resistance n抵抗(力)22accustomed /kstmd/ adj.习惯的accustom vt.使习惯23preview /privju/ n& v预观；预看review n& v重看；复习view n& v看；观察重点短语1.tell.apart区分开2.lie in在于3let sb.down让某人失望 4.or rather更确切地说5be relevant to与相关 6.at the very beginning of在一开始的时候7accuse sb.of sth./doing sth.指责某人(做)某事 8.set in motion使某事开始9in spite of不管 10.think of.as.把看作11take hold of抓住 12.approve of sth.赞成某事13correspond with与通信；与一致，符合 14.a huge number of大量的15pray for祈望；祈求 16.set out开始做；着手进行17cater for满足的要求 18.a chorus of异口同声的经典句型1.it is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use english as either a first or a second language by 2050.估计到2050年有13亿人将会把英语作为第一或第二语言来使用。2english has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand.英语有大量的丰富多彩的、极好的表达方式，但它们理解起来可能困难。3by the time the challenger took off in 1986，the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.到1986年“挑战者”号起飞之前，人们似乎已经沉醉于人类走进太空这一巨大成就而忘记了恐惧，也失去了好奇。4incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that.尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想5if only people could see me inside.要是人们能看到我的内心世界就好了。语境记忆his plan was initially rejected by his superiors.but he finally overcame countless difficulties and solved many relevant problems.he convinced them that it was of great significance.now，they have approved of his plan.构词记忆poisonous /pizns/ adj.1.有毒的2.有害的previous /privis/ adj.先的；前的；以前的religious /rilids/ adj.1.宗教的；宗教上的2.笃信宗教的；虔诚的ridiculous /ridikjls/ adj.荒谬的；可笑的；滑稽的unconscious /nkns/ adj.1.失去知觉的；不省人事的2.不知道的；未发觉的3.无意识的；不知不觉的1nobody found the ending of the film very convincing though the director tried to convince the audience，however，we werent convinced.(convince)2generally speaking，an inventor needs a creative imagination，but can you imagine a little boy like him can make a model ship imaginable？(imagine)3the newspaper withdrew the remarks the next day.4we should try our best to overcome the difficulties.5he is widely acknowledged to be the best student in our school.6it is said that advanced math is difficult to learn.7jack and kim celebrated their twentieth wedding anniversary (周年纪念日) in january.8the increasing racial diversity of the us is reflected (反映) in the latest census statistics.9he slept on firewood and straw to remind him of his sufferings(苦难)10many people like decorating (装饰) their new houses before moving into them.1count.in把包括在内count.out不包括count on/upon (depend/rely on/upon)依赖，依靠count sb./sth.as/to be.认为某人/物count up (add up)把加起来i count him as my closest friend.我把他看作最亲密的朋友。if you are going out tonight，youll have to count me out.假如你们今晚要出去，就别把我算在内。夯实基础(1)语法填空im counting on you to help me.that was the likeliest outcome and，on balance，it would count as a success.will you please count up these figures for me?(2)the manager needs an assistant that he can count on(他可以指望的) to take care of problems in his absence.2i soon convinced him of my innocence.我很快便让他相信我是清白的。he sounded very convincing.他的话听起来很有说服力。夯实基础(1)用convince的适当形式填空i was convinced he would be more famous than chaplin.this last argument is the most convincing to me.(2)scientists are convinced of(坚信) the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.3convey sth.to sp.运送某物到某处convey sth.to sb.向某人表达/传递convey ones feelings/meanings表达某人的感情/意思conveythat/wh从句表明；表达the message conveyed here is clear：“actions speak louder than words.”这里传达的信息很清楚，即：行动比语言有力。(2013江苏书面表达)when i returned home，i tried to convey the wonder of this machine to my husband.回到家后，我竭力地想把这台机器的精妙之处描述给丈夫听。特别提醒convey后一般不能接副词back，该词多用来指传递思想、感情、信息、观点、印象等。夯实基础(1)语法填空please convey my best wishes to her.i find it hard to convey my feelings in words.(2)words failed to convey my feelings(表达我的感情) the moment i saw my longlost sister.4 superior adj.(在品质上)更好的，占优势；(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的；有优越感的(better，greater，higher in quality，rank，etc.be superior to超过；优于；胜过be inferior to劣于；次于superiority n.优势；优越感have superiority over/to sb./sth.in.在方面比有优势this cloth is superior to that.这种布比那种好。the new mark engine is superior to its rivals.新的型发动机强于其竞争产品。夯实基础(1)语法填空your computer is far superior to mine.this machine is technically inferior to german models.will the us have superiority in airpower last?humans have intellectual superiority over/to other animals.(2)this kind of digital camera is superior to all the other types on the market(优于市场上的所有其它型号)5be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事accustom oneself to (doing) sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事i was accustomed to being the only child at a table full of adults.我已经习惯了作为唯一一个小孩坐在一桌大人中间。my eyes were becoming accustomed to the gloom.我的眼睛渐渐适应了黑暗。夯实基础(1)the student is accustomed to writing down(习惯于写下) every data during his experiments.(2)同义句改写he was accustomed to the custom.(用oneself改写句子)he accustomed himself to the custom.6assume sb./sth.to be.认为某人(事)it is assumed that.人们认为assumption n.假定；设想on the assumption that.假定assuming (that).假设(引导条件状语从句let us assume it to be true.让我们假定这是真实的。it is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。夯实基础同义句改写(1)if there wasnt the hard work of the dustbin，can you imagine what our environment will be like？(用assuming和can you imagine作插入语改写句子)assuming (that) there wasnt the hard work of the dustbin，what can you imagine our environment will be like?(2)people assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主语改写句子)it is assumed that what they do has little effect on the environment.7advance n.进步，进展；v.前进，行进；发展，进步advance on/upon/towards朝前进in advance提前，预先in advance of在前面thank you in advance!提前向你表示感谢！(2012新课标全国书面表达)each group introduced “their countrys” culture，advanced technology，environment protection，new green energy.每个小组介绍“自己国家的”文化、先进的技术、环境保护、绿色新能源。(2010湖南书面表达)夯实基础(1)his ideas were in advance of his times(在时代之前)(2)napoleons army advanced on/upon/towards (朝着前进)moscow.(3)to keep safe in advance of an earthquake(为了确保震前安全)，you should remain at a spot in your room where nothing may fall on you.8depend on/upon依靠depend on sb.to do.依靠某人做depending on取决于depend on it that.指望；相信it/that (all) depends.视情况而定。近义短语：rely on/upon，count on/uponthe cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato.所需的烹饪时间取决于土豆的大小。he depended on his writing for his income.他靠写作赚取收入。夯实基础(1)are you going to toms birthday party?it depends(视情况而定吧)i might have to work.(2)同义句改写you can depend on him to help you.you can depend on it that he will help you.(用it改写句子)you can depend on his helping you.(用动名词改写句子)9acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as.认为某人(物)是；承认某人(物)是acknowledge doing sth.承认做某事it is universally acknowledged that.是大家公认的in acknowledgement of对表示感谢naylor acknowledged，in a letter to the judge，that he was a drug addict.内勒在给法官的信中承认自己吸毒。there is an acknowledged risk of lung cancer from radon.氡被认为有诱发肺癌的危险。夯实基础(1)his long service with the company was acknowledged(被认可) with a special present.(2)同义句改写its universally acknowledged that he is the best player in the world.(改为简单句)he is universally acknowledged to be the best player in the world. acquaintance n.认识的人；泛泛之交；熟人(a person one knows but not a close friend)；(对某事物的)了解(knowledge of)make ones acquaintancemake the acquaintance of sb.结识某人have an/some acquaintance(s) with sth.对某事有了解have a nodding/passing acquaintance with sb.与某人有点头之交acquaint oneself with sth.使熟悉，使了解be acquainted with了解，认识he was my closest acquaintance.他是我的老相识。i made his acquaintance/made the acquaintance of him two years ago.我是两年前认识他的。夯实基础(1)we have been acquainted with each other(我们互相认识) for a long time.(2)同义句改写ive been acquainted with their customs.(用含有反身代词的短语改写句子)i have acquainted myself with their customs. approve vt.赞成，同意(support)；认可；批准(agree to)approve of sb./sth./(ones) doing sth.赞成/同意某人/某事/(某人)做某事approve (doing) sth.批准(做)某事,approval n.同意；批准give ones approval to批准某人the government has approved a program of economic reforms.政府已经通过了一项经济改革方案。do you approve of my idea？你同意我的想法吗？特别提醒approve作“批准”讲时，常用作及物动词；作“赞成，同意”讲时，常用approve of。夯实基础(1)she would never do anything that was not approved of(不同意) by her parents.(2)she doesnt approve of me/my leaving school(同意我离校) this year.(3)youd better cut your hair short.our school does not approve of students wearing too long hair(不允许学生留长发)with caution小心地caution sb.to do./against doing.警告某人做/不做caution sb.for/about sth.因某事而劝告某人caution that.警告，告诫be cautious of/about在方面很谨慎be cautious to do小心做he is a man of caution.他为人处世谨慎。he cautioned that opposition attacks on the ruling party would not further political cooperation.他告诫说，反对派对执政党的攻击并不能增进政治合作。夯实基础(1)you must be cautious(务必小心) when driving on the icy road.(2)同义句改写those numbers need to be treated cautiously.(将cautiously改为介词短语)those numbers need to be treated with caution.typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；一贯的；平常的be typical of 典型的；有代表性的its typical of sb.to do sth.某人一向如此做某事。this painting is fairly typical of his early works.这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代表作。it is about a chinese romantic story，typical of chinese culture.那是一个具有典型中国文化特色的浪漫故事。(2012天津书面表达)夯实基础(1)it is typical of him(是他的特点) to be forgetful.(2)the disease typically(一向)takes several weeks to appear.(3)jack is late again.it is typical of him to keep others waiting(让别人等是他的特点)1after supper，they got down to having a meeting.2he has never let his parents downbecause he works very hard.3the teens accuse their parents of misleading them.4and this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book.5your account of events does not correspond with hers.1tell.from.辨别，分辨；认出；区分和tell right from wrong辨明是非to tell the truth老实说tell sb. about/of sth.向某人讲起when oil and water mingle，they are easy to tell apart.当油和水混合时，很容易把它们分辨出来。i cannot tell where we are in the dark night.在黑暗的夜里我不清楚我们在哪里。夯实基础语法填空(1)the two brothers are so much alike that you can hardly tell them apart.(2)it was hard to tell the difference between the two versions.(3)can you tell tom from his twin brother?2let alone不打扰；不惊动let out发出；放走，释放；(把衬衣、外套等)放大，放长，加宽；说出秘密，泄密let go (of)放开；释放；忽略let me see让我想想im counting on you to support medont let me down!我指望你支持我呢别让我失望！someone let out the news.有人把消息泄露了。夯实基础用let短语的适当形式填空(1)she felt badly let down by her friends.(2)your mothers tiredlet her alone!(3)let go！youre hurting me.(4)he was in a highsecurity jail and would probably never be let out.3despite prep.尽管；不管despite/in spite of the fact that.尽管regardless of.不管/不顾we went out in spite of the rain.尽管下着雨，我们还是出去了。she loved her husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.虽然丈夫喝酒很凶，但她仍然爱着他。夯实基础同义句改写in spite of the language difficulty，we soon became friends.(1)despite the language difficulty，we soon became friends.(用despite改写句子)(2)though there was language difficulty，we soon became friends.(用though改写句子)4accuse sb.of sth./doing sth.charge sb.with.因指责/指控某人the accused被告are you accusing me of cheating?你在指责我欺骗吗？her assistant was accused of theft by the police.她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃罪。思考我们学习过的“动词sb.of sth.”的短语还有：remind sb.of，rob sb.of，rid sb.of，inform sb.of，convince sb.of，cure sb.of，require/request sb.of等。夯实基础(1)用accuse的适当形式填空her accusing eyes were fixed on him.the accused was found innocent.(2)the shop assistant was dismissed as she was accused of cheating customers(被指控欺骗顾客)5take hold ofget hold ofcatch hold of抓住take a chance冒险；试图做某事；碰运气take part in参加，参与take sth.seriously认真对待某事take the place of代替take on呈现；雇用i took hold of her hand and gently let her away.我抓住她的手，小心地带她离开。those who dont take study and life seriously will regret for what he has done sooner or later.那些不认真对待学习和生活的人，迟早会为自己的所作所为后悔。夯实基础(1)take hold of the rope(抓住绳子)，and well pull you up.(2)you should take your work seriously(认真对待你的工作) and dont take a casual attitude towards it.(3)our school has taken on a new look(已呈现新的面貌) in the past five years.6correspond v.通信；相一致，符合；相当于correspond to/with和一致corresponding adj.符合的；相应的；相关的in correspondence with与有通信联系she still corresponds with american friends she met nine years ago.她仍与9年前结识的美国朋友们通信。the two maps of london correspond closely.这两张伦敦地图很相似。夯实基础(1)用correspond的适当形式填空investment in the railways will bring a corresponding improvement in services.im also a correspondent for science.(2)翻译句子你言行必须一致。your actions must correspond with/to your words.7cater to迎合cater for sth.提供饮食；承办酒席our newspapers try to cater for/to all opinions.我们的报纸试图满足各种观点的要求。the small restaurant caters for weddings and parties.这家小饭馆承办婚礼和宴会酒席。夯实基础(1)语法填空its the kind of movie that caters to the worst side of human nature.its a holiday company that caters for the elderly.who is catering for your daughters wedding?(2)my son is always falling behind others and he cant follow his teachers.he can go to yucai school，which caters for(它满足) all ability ranges.1to tell the truth，the problem is difficult to deal with (难解决)2young as he is (尽管他很年轻)，he is quite experienced in the work.3i seemed to have met him (似乎见到过他) somewhere before.4if only i had arrived(要是我到了就好了) here last night!5only if everyone cares about our environment (只有每个人关注我们的环境)，can our earth not be polluted so much.1 perhaps correctness doesnt matteras long as speakers can understand each otherits communication that counts.,也许正确与否不要紧只要说话的人互相明白就行重要的是交流本身。in our life we may meet many failures，as long as we try our best，theres no need to feel regret for these failures.生活中我们可能遇到许多失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。(2013湖南书面表达)they believe i can succeed next time as long as i work harder.他们相信下次只要我更加努力学习我就能成功。(2010广东读写任务)夯实基础(1)what are you going to do this afternoon?ill probably go for a walk later on so long as it stays fine(只要天一直好的话)(2)ill lend it to you as long as you return it on time(只要你按时归还)2 incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that.,尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们作出一个设想as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从句句首，作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词要省去。try as she might，sue couldnt get the door open.尽管sue尝试了，但是她无法打开门。child as he is，he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但懂得很多。夯实基础(1)strange as it might sound(尽管可能听起来奇怪)，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.(2)同义句改写young as he is，he achieves so much.(用though改为正常语序)though he is young，he achieves so much.though i much like it，i wont buy it，for its too expensive.(用as代替though改写)much as i like it，i wont buy it，for its too expensive.3 it is said that he drowned when he fell into a river while trying to take hold of the reflection of the moon.据说他在试图捉月亮的影子时掉进江里溺水身亡。it is thought that.大家认为it is believed that.人们相信it is hoped that.人们希望it is reported that.据报道it is wellknown that.众所周知it is supposed that.据推测it is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.经常听人说人类天生就有说话的能力。it is reported that john is one of the best teachers in the school.据报道约翰是这个学校最好的老师之一。特别提醒上述结构可改为sb./sth.be said/thought/believed/hoped.to do/to be doing/to have done，根据动词不定式和said等动作之间的时间关系来断定使用不定式的一般式、进行式还是完成式。夯实基础(1)同义句改写(用he作主语改写下列句子)it is supposed that he is working in that big company.he is supposed to be working in that big company.it is said that he has written a new book about workers.he is said to have written a new book about workers.it is thought that he often helps the people in need.he is often thought to help the people in need.(2)同义句改写people believe that the castle has existed for several centuries.it is believed that the castle has existed for several centuries.(用it作形式主语改写句子)the castle is believed to have existed for several centuries.(用be believed to do改为简单句)选词填空(1)in time of serious accidents，if we know some basic things about first aid，we can save lives.(2)as long as we study with a strong will，we can learn our lessons well however hard they are.(3)although she works very hard，she makes very slow progress.(4)a few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal.(5)i will give you happily whatever you ask for only if i have.(6)what matters most in learning english is enough practice.(7)what i cant understand is why she wants to resign her present job.(8)the soccer team has