形容词 副词考点分析.doc

形容词 副词考点分析8（一）形容词：表示人和事物的特征例子：a big/red/fresh apple A handsome/brave/tall boy形容人的外貌，身高，岁数，位置：形容词表示人或物的性质或特征，修饰名词，一般放在名词前，但也有特殊情况。一 形容词的基本功能（在句中可以充当的成分）1. 定语（放在名词前，对其进行修饰）I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)_trick.A ordinary B. easy C. smart D. Simple*考点：意思相近的形容词，多比较，根据其逻辑进行选择。2. 表语【表语即放在am，is，are后面，或者放在listen to(听)，hear(听见)，see(看见)，watch(观看)，feel (感觉)等感官动词后，表状态的形容词】例如： be prepared for （放在be动词后不是简单的形容词，翻译成为什么做好了准备，强调一种状态） be determined to 下定决心做. be seated （与sit的相比，sit强调动作，you are sitting） be dressed in 穿着什么样的衣服的状态 be lost in thought表陷入沉思的状态 表语又可以表示为be动词后形成系表结构的形容词的单词 sth is simple看起来像被动语态，实际上是系表结构的形容词的单词，由过去分词充当形容词注意：有些形容词作表语时，通常不可以用“人”作主语，常见的有Convenient，inconvenient，possible，impossible，necessary，probable，improbable。E.g. Come and see me whenever_ .A. you are convenient B.you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D it will be convenient to you【分析】最佳答案为B，因为英语中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”，而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常 if it is convenient for to you，其中的介词可用 for 或 to，但一般不用 with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作 be convenient的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如：Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见玛丽较为方便。3.补足语The teachers kept us busy preparing our lessons.（充当形容词，当宾补）The artist was born poor.形容词可以作主语的补足语4. 以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。5. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。We should look after the old and love the young .2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。二 形容词位置 形容词作定语一般位于名词之前，但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词之后。（） 表语形容词(表语-用来说明主语的性质，身份，特征和状态)，如：afraid,ashamed羞愧的,alone,asleep,aware,alike,alive活着的,awake,afloat在船上的，漂浮着的等，需后置。Money alone cannot create fortune.He spoke like a man afraid. 他说话时像是很害怕似的。He was the only man alive. 他是唯一能活下来的人。(2)形容词作定语修饰some，any，every，no和body，thing，one等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。(定语:名词前边的修饰或限制成分。名词、动词、代词、形容词、数量词等都可以做定语)There is something wrong with my bike.Nobody else knew the secret.There is something unusual in her voice. 她的声音有些反常。 (3) “介词+名词”，“形容词+介词/不定式”或其他形容词短语作定语时，需后置。I cant find somebody at home.Please give me something to eat.（4）当long,wide,high,deep,thick,away,old等词与数量短语连用时，需后置。The street is 50 meters wide. a swimming pool nine feet deep 一个9英尺深的游泳池 三 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序，可以用下面一个顺口溜来帮助记忆：限 序 基 描 大，形 齢 颜 国 材（“材”则代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词， stone,wooden，silk，plastic等。）_students are required to take part in the boat race.A. Ten strong young Chinese B Ten Chinese strong youngC Chinese ten young strongD young strong ten Chinese多个形容词修饰名词时，限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词，如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。（二）副词：表示某一个动作的特征副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。1.The visitors were warmly welcomed by the students.（副词修饰动词）2.It is a rather difficult job.(修饰形容词）3.He is running fast enough.(fast修饰动词run，enough副词修饰副词fast）4.The bench（长凳） is just behind the door.（just修饰介词短语）5.This is exactly what I want to see.6.Luckily,he was not hurt in the accident.（修饰整个句子）一、副词的位置1） 在动词之前。The visitors were warmly welcomed by the students.（副词修饰动词）2）在be动词、助动词之后。This is exactly what I want to see. 3) 方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well.二、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错： I very like English. I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.三、兼有两种形式的副词 1） close与closely close意思是近；closely 意思是仔细地。2） late 与latelylate意思是晚；lately 意思是最近。3） deep与deeply deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地。4） high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。5） wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方。6） free与freelyfree的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地。四 形容词与副词比较级和最高级的变化规则1一般情况下；直接加-er或-est taller，faster单音节以不发音e为结尾的，直接加-r或-st2. 重读闭音节词，结尾只有辅音，即辅-元-辅结构的，先双写该辅音字母，在加-er或-est（big-bigger，thin，fat）3. 以辅音+y结尾的双音节词，heavy-heavier early-earlier4. 双音节、多音节的比较级：在原级前加more或mostbeautiful，careful， comforttable， comfortably5 不规则变化good/well-better-best bad/ill/badly-worse-worstMany/much-more-most far-farther-farthest old-eld-eldest These children are _ this year than they were last year. A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller 五 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法1. 同级比较(1)表示两者在某一方面相同时：as+形容词或副词原形+asThe box is as heavy as that one.as+形容词+a/an+名词单数+asE.g. Its generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.A an art much asC as an art much asB much an art as D as much an art as解析： 这里是一个as.as 结构，常见的是as + adj / adv +as 但也可以as + adj + n+ as.这里teaching is as much (adj) an art (名词) as 是第二种结构。（2） 表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时， 用“not as/so+形容词或副词原型+as”Its not as/so warm today as yesterday.He did not come as/so early as Tom.2. 比较级,表示“较”或“更一些”（1）This box is_ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as 注：在形容词和副词比较级前，可以用much，a little等修饰，如much better，a little taller。E.g. He works much harder than me. 3.最高级，表示“最”形容词和副词的最高级用来表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较，通常形容词最高级前要加定冠词the，副词最高级的the可省去。最高级常与表示范围的短语，像“in+集体名词；of+个体名词的复数”连用等。1)We are busiest on Monday.2)This is the most interesting story of all.3)Hainan is Chinas second largest island. 4)Screen city is the best theater in town.5)Who sings (the)most beautiful of the three?五 倍数的表达1）The + 计量名词+ of + A + be + 倍数+ that + of + B The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one. 2）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。3）倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of。例如：This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。Your room is twice the size of mine.（1）A + be + 倍数+ as + 计量形容词原级+ as + B. (原级）This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 His father is twice as old as he. 他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。 （2）A + be + 倍数+ the + 计量名词+ of + B The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 A + be + 倍数+ 计量形容词比较级+ than + B （比较级） E.g. The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。 练习题1. “_ do you think of your English teacher?”“Oh, he is an _ man.”A. What, interesting B. What, interested C. How, interesting D. How, interested【陷阱】容易误选D，认为第一空应填 how，表示 how“如何”；第二空应填 interested，因为有的书上说 ing 形容词主要说明事物，-ed 形容词主要说明人。【分析】其实最佳答案应是A。英语中表示汉语的“你觉得如何?”时，可用How do you like .? 或 What do you think of .? 注意两者搭配不同，即 like 与 how 搭配，think of 与 what 搭配。另一方面，有的书认为：-ing 形容词说明事，-ed 形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是：表示使(别)人感到如何), 用-ing形容词；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed形容词。比较： All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。2. Mary is very clever and _ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _ asleep in class.A. very, very B. much, very C. well, very D. well, fast【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。【分析】但是，许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的 very 来直译的。如汉语“我很喜欢英语”，在英语中就不能说成 I very like English，而应说成 I like English very much，因为副词 very 在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选A，是因为形容词 worth ，是因为形容词和 asleep 习惯上不能用副词 very 来修饰，而是分别用 well 和 fast修饰，即说成 be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事)，be fast (或 sound) asleep(熟睡)，所以此题的最佳答案应选D。3. Mybrother is two yearsthan I.A. older； older B. elder； older C. older； elder D. elder； elder4. It waslate to catch a bus after the party, there fore we called a taxi.A. too very B.much too C. too much D. Far5. When they heard the bad news, they all lookedat the master and felt quite.A. sad； sad B. sadly； sadly C. sad； sadly D. sadly； sad6. I havent seenthis since I collected stamps.A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp as7. If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was choice.A. good B. the best C. better D. the better8. It takes a long time to go there by train； its by road.A.quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker9. box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.A So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a10.Paper produced every year is _ the worlds productio