(新目标)八年级英语(上)重点短语、词组与句型.doc

(新目标)八年级英语(上)重点短语、词组与句型 Units 1-2 1. hardly 几乎不 hardly ever很少She hardly ever eats junk food. 含hardly、never的反义疑问句中，附加问句用肯定形式。It hardly rains here, does it?2.as for 就而言,至于，关于 as for sth./ doing sth 至于 As for eating, I like healthy food. 3. surf the Internet 上网冲浪 on the Internet 上网， 通过网络4.on weekends 在周末 = on the weekend =at the weekend5.问频率how often 多久一次 twice a week 一周两次 once a year 一年一次 three times a week 一周三次 four times a month 一个月四次 three times a day 一天三次表频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never有关How的问句： How often do you exercise? Once a month 一月一次How many times do you watch TV? Once.How long 多久，多长时间- （For ）+ 一段时间How soon 还要多快 - In +一段时间 （常用于将来时）How far 多远 - Six kilometers away （from）How far is it from your home to our school?Its 2 kilometers away.Its 2 kilometers. How many hours do you sleep? (For) Nine hours.once or twice 一两次 at once马上、立刻6. go to the movies 去看电影 watch TV 看电视 7. be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害be good to 对好be good at =do well in 在方面好，擅长be good with 与相处得好8. sometimes 有时 sometime某时，（指过去或未来的某个时候）some times 几次，几倍 some time一段时间I sometimes go to school by bus.He has been to Beijing some times.Ill come to see you sometime next week.I waited for you for some time.9. exercise = take exercise = do sports=play sports 锻炼She exercises once a day.= She does exercise once a dayexercise作名词 表“运动，锻炼” 是不可数名词；表“体操，眼保健操”是可数名词。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。10. of course = certainly = sure 当然11. look after = take care of 照顾 look after well = take good care of照顾好look at 看 look like 看起来像 look for 寻找 look up 查找 look over 检查（身体） look the same 看上去一样12. keep healthy=stay healthy =keep/stay in good health 保持健康health n.健康 healthy adj.健康的=be in good health healthily adv. eat healthily 健康地吃 unhealthy adj. an unhealthy lifestyle 不健康的生活方式have a healthy lifestyle 拥有健康的生活方式13. eating habit 饮食习惯 be a good habit to do sth. 做某事是一个好习惯 14. get good grades 取得好成绩 15. be different from 与什么不同 be the same as 与什么相同different adj.不同的 difference n. 可数名词 不同点the differences between and 在 与之间的不同点make a big difference 有很大不同、对很重要 16. although = though “虽然，即使” 常放于句首。Although he is old, yet he is quite strong. 句子中，有although或though就不可再用but，但可用yet或still“仍然，还”；有because就不能再用so. 17.a lot of = lots of 许多+不可数名词或可数名词的复数 同义： many + 可数名词复数-（反义）few much + 不可数名词 -（反义）little （肯定含义）a few 一些 （否定含义）few 几乎没有 + 可数名词复数（肯定含义）a little 一点点 （否定含义）little几乎没有 + 不可数名词He has a few friends, but little money.18. many/much的比较级: more 最高级: most little less least few fewer fewest You should eat more vegetables and less meat.19.too many + 可数名词复数 （太多） too much + 不可数名词 （太多） much too + 形容词 （太） He is much too unhealthy, he has too much meat.20.junk food 垃圾食品 healthy food 健康食品 21.sleep for nine hours 睡九个小时22. want to do sth. 想要做某事 want sb. to do sth. 要某人做某事23. try to do sth. 尽量做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事do /try one best to do sth. 尽全力做.Lets try our best to help them. 24.help sb (to) do sth =help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb out 帮某人克服、摆脱困难25. shop = go shopping = do some shopping 购物26. all, most, some, no most of the students = most students 大多数学生 27. some advice 中的 advice 是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议 give advice 提出建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议28.What is your favourite program? ( 同义句) What program do you like best? 29.the result s for .的结果是 The result s for “watch TV” are interesting. the result of 是.的结果 Here are the results of the survey.30.pretty =rather=very=quite 非常，相当31.improve oneself in 在某方面提高自己32.get back =be back =come back =return (to) sw 回来，返回 get back 取回，拿回33.maybe 与 may be 也许，大概 may + 动词原形 He may be in the room. = Maybe he is in the room.34.not.until 直到 （否定句） 才动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词 She didnt leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up. =He didnt go shopping until /before he got up. until/till 直到 （肯定句）动词为延续性动词 We stayed here till/until 12 oclock.35.看病用语 (同义句) Whats the matter (with sb.)? 怎么了？= Whats the trouble (with sb.)?= Whats wrong (with sb.)? = Whats up (with sb.)? = Is there anything wrong (with sb.)? Im not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服。= Im feeling ill/ sick. = I feel terrible/ bad.= I dont feel well I have a stomachache. 我胃痛 = I have got a stomachache. =(There is) something wrong with my stomach.= My stomach hurts. = I have (got) a pain in my stomach36. I have a cold and a cough.我感冒、咳嗽。 have a cold/ stomachache/ toothache/ fever/ sore throat 感冒/胃痛/牙痛/发烧/喉咙痛 have a high fever 发高烧 I have a lot of headaches. 我头痛得很厉害。a lot of 很多 、很厉害 37. have/drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜜的热茶 with 与具有,含有 用 a city with many flowers see with our eyes 38.You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下来休息。 39. see a dentist/ doctor 看牙医/医生40. feel /get /be stressed out 压力大 ,紧张的 别紧张 Dont be stressed out41. feel 觉得，get 变, stay 保持, keep 保持， sound 听起来是系动词，常与形容词连用。如：feel happy, get tired, stay / keep healthy42. at the moment = now 此刻，常与现在进行时连用43. lie down and have a good rest 躺下好好休息 44. for example 例如45. Its important to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食很重要。 a balanced died 平衡饮食 46.stressed out 压抑；筋疲力尽 Im stressed out. 我压力太大。47. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进48. I really need some conversation practice. 我真的需要一些对话练习。 conversation practice 对话练习 49. I have no idea. = I dont know. 我不知道。Im sorry to hear that. 听到此事我很难过。50. Its + 形容词 + to do sth. 做某事怎么样。 Its important to eat a balanced diet. 均衡饮食很重要。51. yang foods 阳性食物 52. I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你尽快好起来。53. 表建议 You should drink more water. You shouldnt eat more.情态动词should 与 shouldnt 表建议54.身体各部位名称 tooth n. 复数形式 teeth foot n. 复数形式 feet 55. I think so. 我认为如此。 （否定句）I dont think so.56. 写作看病八年级英语(上)重点短语、词组与句型 Unit31. What are you doing for vacation? Im visiting my grandmother.Im taking walks，going fishing，and going bike riding 我要散步，钓鱼，骑自行车。 When are you doing? Im going on Monday.周一我要去。for vacation度假 2. . 现在进行时表一般将来时 常用的动词有： is/ am/ are going is/ am/ are leaving is/ am/ are coming 3. babysit sb照顾(婴儿) (过去式) babysat （现在分词）babysitting Shes babysitting her sister她要照看她妹妹。 4. . go camping 去野营 go shopping 去买东西 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船 go skating 去溜冰 go walking 去散步 go climbing 去登山 go fishing 去钓鱼 go hiking 去徒步远足 go dancing 去跳舞 go sightseeing 去观光5. do some shopping 买东西do some washing 洗衣服 do som cooking 做饭 do some reading 读书 do some speaking 训练口语6. rent videos租赁录像带 a lot 许多 Im renting videos and sleeping a lot我要租赁录像带并且要大睡一觉。7. 问多长时间 How long are you staying? - For four days. how long 须与短暂性动词连用 eg. How long can I keep the book/ stay here / wait for the bus ? For 2 days/ .8. That sounds nice/ interesting. 系动词( feel/ sound /look/keep/stay)+形容词9. I want an exciting vacation! A no-stress vacation! 我要过一个令人激动的假期!一个没有压力的假期! 10. an exciting vacation一个令人激动的假期 11. something different 不同的某物 something + 形容词some、something 一些(事) 多用于肯定句 ,any 、anything 一些(多用于否定句与疑问句)12. Can I ask you some questions? -Of course.13. take walks = go for a walk 散步 take a vacation = take vacations = go on vacation14. think about 考虑 think about + doing sth 15. .finish doing 完成做某事16. I hope you feel better soon. hope + to do = hope + that 从句 （主语一致） I hope I can finish the work on time. = I hope to finish the work on time.17. plan to do sth.计划做某事 (过去式) planned （现在分词）planning 18. need (作行为动词) ： 人+ need to do sth. 人需要做某事 物+ need doing . 物需要被做某事eg She needs to rest. （否定借do 或does） Flowers need watering.need (作情态动词)常用于否定句或一般疑问句）eg She neednt rest.Need she rest? Yes, she must . No, she neednt.19. How about +doing? = What about +doing? 怎么样？ 20go back= come back= get back 回来 get back to +sw回到某地get back home/ here /there 回家、这、那儿21. tour n. tourist n. 旅客 游客22.practice + doing sth 练习做某事23.be weak in = be bad at 在某方面差 be good at = do well in 在某方面好、擅长24.decide to do sth 决定做某事 . decide on + doing sth 决（选）定做 I thought about going to Spain or Greece , but decided on Canada. 25. cant wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事26.leave for + sw 出发去，前往 I am leaving for Beijing, 我将（要）去北京。. leave for + sw 离开去 . 短暂性动词用于进行时表将来leave “遗忘、忘记” leave + 物 + 地点 把某物忘在某地 I left my book at home this morning.今天上午我把书忘在家里了。 forget sth 忘记某物 forget + to do sth忘记做某事（未做） forget + doing sth 忘记做某事（已做）27.in Europe 在欧洲 in a European country 28.host family 房东29.be tired of + doing 厌倦在某事30.make a plan for 为 制定计划31. take some medicine 吃药 the /some medicine for 治 的药32.hear (heard) sb do /doing sth. 听到某人做某事33.show sb sth = show sth to sb 把 那给看showaround 带领某人参观34.people who are too stressed out 定语从句，先行词指人，关系代词用who或 that ,此处who作主语，不可省略。 He is the man who/that we like very much.（作宾语，可省略） He is the man whothat is late for work.35. be famous for 因而出名36. spend time 度时光 sb spend time on sth. / (in ) doing sth. 写作：假期计划Unit 4 How do you get to school?重点短语1.交通工具的表达法：用how提问How do you get to school? I ride my bike. ride ones bike骑自行车 (1) ride a bike=go to by bike =go to on a bike 骑车去 by bike, by bus, by subway, by taxi, by boat, by car, by train (乘坐车，放在句尾) (2) drive a car=go to by car / in a car 开车去(3) walk to =go toon foot 步行去 (4) 乘公车/火车/地铁/的士/飞机. take a bus / train / subway / taxi / plane / . =go to on a bus / train / subway / taxi / plane / . =go to by bus / train / subway / taxi / plane / . take a plane=fly to=go to by plane / air 乘飞机去 take the taxi/ train/ bus/ subway/ car 可用冠词the /a ,也可用复数形式 take buses2. 问多长时间 How long does it take? It takes about 10 minutes. It takes(took) sb some time to do sth.做某事花了某人多长时间 =人 spend(spent) 时间/金钱 on sth / (in) doing sth. =人 pay(paid) 钱 for 物 =物 cost(cost) 人 钱eg. It takes him about 2 days to walk to the town. - How long does it take him to walk to the town?（同义句） He spends 2 days walking. take sb. to + 地点 把某人送/带到某地 take him home 带他回家 take him to the hospital It takes me about 25 minutes to walk to school3. 询问距离用how far How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远? Its around / about 5 kilometers (away) from my home to school. There are 60 minutes in an hour and 60 seconds(秒) in a minute.8分钟的路程/骑8分钟车 eight minutes walk/ride=an eight-minute walk/ride4. how long 多长时间 how far 多远 how often 多长时间一次 how much, how many 多少5. I ride my bike to the subway station我骑车去地铁车站。 6. In North America，not all students take the bus to school. 在北美，并非所有学生坐公共汽车去学校。 7. have a big /quick breakfast 吃丰盛的/少量的早餐have a quick breakfast= have breakfast quickly 很快吃完早餐8. get to school 到校 get to = arrive in/at = reach 到达(arrive /reach) get home/ there/ here 到家/这/那儿9. leave for 离开去 出发/动身去. He is leaving China for America.10. It depends on where you are. 它取决于你在哪里。depend on/upon + 名词/代词/动词ing 依靠，依赖，取决于11. Dont worry. 别担心 worry about sb/sth=be worried about .为某人/某事担心I worry about my study.= I am wirried about my study.12. around the world = all over the world 全世界、环球 look around 四处环顾 show .around 带领.四处参观13. ill=sick 作表语 He is ill/sick. 他生病了。 He is a sick man. 他是一个病人。（sick作定语）名词：illness be ill in hospital 生病住院14. What do you think of the China? =How do you like China? 你认为你们镇上的交通情况如何? think of看待，认为 = think about 15. Other parts of the world are different from the United States.世界上其他地方与美国不同。 be (quite) different from与(完全)不同 16. In China，bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中国，自行车与公共汽车是最流行的交通方式。 the most popular最流行的 means of transportation 交通工具 transportation 公共交通，运输（不可数名词） What do you think of the transportation in your town? =How do you like the transportation in your town? 你觉得怎么样？17. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus. 那肯定比坐公车有趣得多。 (1)表推测：must be 一定、必定、肯定 用于肯定句中 cant be 不可能 用于否定句中 一般疑问句：- Can it be Mr Li? - No, it cant be him. He must be in the room. (2)a lot/a bit/a little/much/even/still/far.修饰比较级 a little taller (3)have fun+ doing sth=have a good time+doing=enjoy oneself+doing 做某事玩得开心、过得愉快 (4)mustnt+动词原形 “千万不要，禁止” You mustnt play on the road. You must obey the rules. # - Must we stay here? - Yes, you must. - No, you neednt./dont have to.18. in North America 在北美 in other parts of the world 在世界其他地区 In the north/south/east/west 在北/南/东/西19. more 是many much 的比较级(1)“更多” I have more friends than you.(2)“更” 形容词的比较级 more popular 更流行(3)more 可与数词或表数与量的词连用 eg. some/many/much more 或 two more girls=another two girls 数词+more=another+数词20.most 大多数、大部分 + 可数或不可数名词(1)Most people like beef. Most water is dirty.(2)Most of the +名词 作主语，动词视后面的名词而定。 Most of the apple is bad. Most of the apples are red.21. not all .并非所有.都 表部分否定：not 与all,both,many,much,everyone,everything,always等连用，表部分否定。 The teacher could not answer all of the question.= The teacher could answer some of the question.老师只能回答其中的部分问题。22.the three most popular ways of getting to school 三种最受欢迎的上学方式 the way of doing sth=the way to do sth Its the best way of solving the problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好方式。= Its the best way to solve the problem.23. at a bus stop/station 在公车站 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事24. one., the other .一个., 另一个some the others.一些, 剩下所有的. some others.一些, 另一些. 25. a number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用复数 “许多”=many可用large/great/small 修饰，表程度。 the number of + 复数名词 作主语，动词用单数 “.的数量” A great number of students are young. The number of the students is 2,200.26. take a shower 沐浴，洗澡27. ask for help 向 求助28. turn left at the second crossing.=take the second crossing on the left. 在第二个路口向左拐。 walk on 继续走29. if “如果”：引导条件状语从句，若主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there. Ill go shopping if Im free tomorrow.Unit 5 Can you come to my party?go to the concert去音乐会 Thank you for your invitation .邀请 invite v.邀请Invite sb to do sth邀请某人干某事 invite sb to someplace邀请某人去某地 invite me to Beijing 10.come over 顺便来访 comeovertomyhouse到我家来11.free adj.自由的,空闲的,免费的 反义词busy- be free ,be busy 12. whole （1） adj.整个的; （2）n.全部 the whole day=all the day一整天 如：all the time=the whole time.The whole class All the students14.till. 直到之时，直到Notuntil 直到才I wont be free until next Thursday.15.why not 为什么不？Why not 后加动词原形，表示说话人的建议或劝告Why not invite him to join us?=Why dont you invite him to join us?英语中用来提建议的表达方法还有：Shall we go to the park？ lets go to the park？ how about going to the park？ what about going to the park？ why dont you go to the park？17.can you come to my party?(非正式且较随意的问法) could you come to my party?(更加委婉的用法) Yes, Idloveto我很愿意肯定答语：Sure / Of course / Yes,please 否定回答：Sorry / I am afraid not / Of course not归纳 用于“邀请”反面的情景短语有：（1） would you like / love to？你愿意吗？（2） Will you please come to？你愿意来吗？（3） How / what about？怎么样啊？（4） Why dont you？/ why not ？何不呢？接受邀请的应答语：(1)Of course / Certainly / yes,I d love to 当然/是的，我乐意 (3)All right.是的，我很愿意不能赴约的应答语有：(1)I am sorry. / Sorry ,but I cant非常抱歉，不过(2)I d love / like to ,but我很愿意，不过18.I have a piano lesson (1)句中have不作“有”讲，与lesson连用，意为“上课”Have a piano lesson=take a piano lesson19.Great，I d love toGreat意为“太好了，太棒了” 常用语口语中表示对别人观点或建议的赞同20.On a cold winter evening在一个寒冷的冬天的晚上（具体到某一天的上午、下午、晚上用介词 on）21.Thanks for asking 谢谢你的邀请Thank sb for sth Thank sb for doing sththank you for your help / thank you for helping me.22.What is today? 今天星期几，今天几号？（综合的问法）相当于what day is it today? (问星期几) 或whats the date today?（问几号）thedayaftertomorrow后天 thedaybeforeyesterday前天【语法知识聚焦】情态动词“haveto”与其他的情态动词如：“can”,“may”“must”与“should”（应该）不同。（1）这4个情态动词没有人称的变化。而haveto有。它的第三人称单数为:“hasto”过去式为：“had to”如：Heshouldstudyhard. 他应该好好学习。Hehastostudyhard.他不得不好好学习。He had to work hard.Unit 6I Key Phrases : (重点短语)1 your last letter 你上次的来信2 as you can see 正如你所看到的3 in some ways 在某些方面4 look the same 看起来一样5 look different 看起来不同6 more than = over 超出7 more than one + n 不止一个 做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。8 however = no matter how 无论如何；不管怎样9 however = but 但是，可是10 mean to do sth 打算做某事11 be good at = do well in 擅长做某事；在某方面做的好12 as + adj.(原级) + as 像- 一样9. 13in some ways 在某些地方 13 be popular with 受-欢迎14 make sb do sth 让某人做某事15 for sb 对于某人来说16 most of the kids 大多数孩子17 be good with sb = be good to sb 善待某人18 primary school 小学19 beat sb in sth 在某方面打败某人He beat me in swimming20 in common 共同的；共有的21 laugh at 嘲笑；讥讽22 opposite views and interests 相反的观点与爱好II Key Sentences : (重点句子)1 Im more outgoing than my sister . 我比我的姐姐更外向。2 Here are photos of me and my twin sister .这些是我与我双胞胎姐姐的照片。3 We both have black hair and black eyes . 我们都有黑头发与黑眼睛。 4 We both like sports . 我们都喜欢运动。 5 We are both quiet . 我们都很内向。 （both 两者都，用于be 动词，助动词，情态动词之后，实意动词之前。） 6 Although / Though my hair is shorter than hers . 尽管我的头发比她的头发短。7 I am a little taller than her . 我比她高一点。 （ a little , a lot , much, even可修饰形容词的比较级，表示程度更进一步。8 I like to have f