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盘角齿轮盘角齿轮及钻孔夹具设计【正时齿轮】【11张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

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盘角齿轮盘角齿轮及钻孔夹具设计【正时齿轮】【全套CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】.rar

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关键词：: 齿轮钻孔夹具设计正时全套 cad 图纸毕业论文答辩通过

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摘要

在生产过程中，使生产对象（原材料，毛坯，零件或总成等）的质和量的状态发生直接变化的过程叫工艺过程，如毛坯制造，机械加工，热处理，装配等都称之为工艺过程。在制定工艺过程中，要确定各工序的安装工位和该工序需要的工步，加工该工序的机车及机床的进给量，切削深度，主轴转速和切削速度，该工序的夹具，刀具及量具，还有走刀次数和走刀长度，最后计算该工序的基本时间，辅助时间和工作地服务时间。

[关键词]：工序，工艺，工步，加工余量，定位方案，夹紧力

Abstract

Enable producing the target in process of production (raw materials, the blank , state of quality and quantity on part become always ) take place direct course of change ask craft course, if the blank is made, machining, heat treatment , assemble etc. and call it the craft course. In the course of making the craft , is it confirm every erector location and worker step that process need this of process to want, the locomotive of processing , this process , and the entering the giving amount of the lathe, cut depth , the rotational speed of the main shaft and speed of cutting, the jig of this process, the cutter and measuring tool, a one hundred sheets of number of times still leaves and a one hundred sheets of length leaves, calculate basic time of this process , auxiliary time and service time of place of working finally.

[Keywords]： The process,Worker one, Worker's step ,The surplus of processing,Orient the scheme ,Clamp strength

摘要I

ABSTRACTII

第1 章盘角齿轮加工工艺6

1.1 盘角齿轮的工艺分析6

1.2 盘角齿轮的工艺要求及工艺分析6

1.2.1 盘角齿轮的技术要求7

1.3 加工工艺过程7

1.4 确定各表面加工方案7

1.4.1 在选择各表面及孔的加工方法时，要综合考虑以下因素8

1.4.2 平面的加工8

1.4.3孔的加工方案8

1 .4. 4齿形的加工方案8

1.5 确定定位基准8

1.5.1 粗基准的选择8

1.5.2 精基准选择的原则9

1.6 工艺路线的拟订10

1.6.1工序的合理组合10

1.6.2 工序的集中与分散11

1.6.3 加工阶段的划分11

1.7 盘角齿轮的毛坯尺寸及机械加工工艺过程的确定.......................... 12

1.7.1 毛坯的结构工艺要求......................................... ........ ... ............... .12

1.7.2 盘角齿轮的机械加工工艺过程的确定......... ............. ... ...... .....13

第2 章专用夹具设计15

2.1加工零件的工艺分析15

2.1.1加工零件的原始工艺资料................... ..... .... ....... ... .............15

2.1.2 齿坯的机械加工工艺分析........... ..... .... ........... .... ...... ... ... ....... 15

2.2 钻孔夹具设计分析.............................................................................. ........ 17

2.2.1 钻孔夹具总体结构方案的设计构思............................... 17

2.2.2 钻孔夹具零件的公差和技术要求的确定..................... . 18

2.3 夹具设计及操作的简要说明.............................. ............ ...... .............. ....20

结论21

参考文献22

致谢23

附录

1 盘角齿轮加工工艺

1.1 盘角齿轮的工艺分析

盘角齿轮是东风汽车后轮驱动的从动齿轮，因为其零件尺寸较小，结构形状也不是很复杂，但齿形和内孔及端面的精度要求较高，此外还有端面上的10个孔要求加工，其各孔的位置度精度要求较高。盘角齿的定位内孔表面粗糙度要求0.8，定位端面表面粗糙度要求1.6,所以都要求精加工。另外,盘角齿的齿形接触精度要求较高,故主动齿轮与从动齿轮需要进行配对研磨。因此,盘齿轮的尺寸精度、几何形状精度和相互位置精度，以及各表面的表面质量均影响东风汽车后驱动的装配质量，进而影响整台汽车性能与工作寿命，因此它的加工是非常关键和重要的。

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内容简介：: （论文）任务论文题目盘角齿轮钻孔夹具设计1、课题基本内容目标：（包括原始数据、资料、技术参数、工作要求等）根据零件图的要求及年产量为5000件的生产规模，设计钻孔夹具一套。要求如下：1）查阅相关资料，分析所给题目的零件结构工艺性，编制零件的加工工艺规程，填写零件的加工工艺卡片。绘制钻孔工序零件图；2）设计钻孔夹具一套，包括总装配图、零件图；3）提交设计说明书及精度分析等相关设计分析结果。 2、课题成果的基本要求：（包括毕业设计（论文）、图表、实物样品等）1）产品零件的加工工艺规程卡一套；2）总装配图一张（A1图纸），零件图全套（A1图纸二份，其余不限）；3）编写夹具的设计说明书，字数在12000字以上。4）翻译有关机械制造方面10000个字符以上的外文资料，字数不得少于三千。 3、学生完成课题具备的条件：具备金属切削机床、金属切削原理与刀具、机械加工工艺与夹具工程材料等方面的专业知识。4、主要参考文献、资料和参考书机械加工工艺人员手册；夹具设计手册；机械设计手册。机床夹具图册。5、毕业设计（论文）工作进度计划序号起止日期设计各阶段名称或工作内容108.12.8至08.12.14学生选课题,指导教师与学生见面,指导教师填写“毕业设计任务书”,（一题一份）发给学生。208.12.15至08.12.31指导学生撰写开题报告（包括资料收集、外文献翻译、文献综述写作、撰写开题报告等）。309.1.4至09.1.12以专业小组为单位，对开题报告进行交流评审，确定是否同意开题。409.2.27上交开题报告。509.3.1至09.5.10学生完成毕业论文（设计）的撰写，并交指导教师。609.5.11至09.5.17指导教师对毕业论文写出有针对性的评语，给出评分，并建议提交答辩。709.5.18至09.5.27毕业论文答辩809.6.4至09.6.12毕业论文文挡整理上交教务处对毕业论文进行复评。学生开始执行任务书日期:2008年12月12日教研室主任: 学生送交毕业设计（论文）日期:2009年5月10日系主任: 注: 此毕业论文（设计）任务书由指导教师负责填写,系主任审核后下发学生执行.2盘角齿轮加工工艺及钻孔夹具设计（外文翻译）1.Machining Technology Handbook, Volume 1 M. Muong for Machinery Industry Press, 1991Work piece in the clamping fixture In the machining process, the work piece by the cutting force, centrifugal force, inertia force, such as the role of, in order to ensure that these external force, the work piece can remain in the fixture by the positioning of the processing to determine the location of components, and should be no vibration or displacement, fixture structure should be set up reliable work piece clamping device folder will be in prison. First, the composition of clamping devices Many different types of clamping devices, but their structures are composed of two parts. 1. Power plant The source of clamping force, one human; second is generated by a power device. The device can generate power as the power unit fixture. Commonly used in power plant are: pneumatic devices, hydraulic devices, electrical devices, electromagnetic devices, gas - liquid interaction devices and vacuum devices. Fixture as a result of manual clamping force from the human, so it does not power plants. 2. Clamping part Receive and impart into the original clamping force to clamp the task force and part of the implementation of the general composition of the following agencies: 1) to accept the original force of bodies. Such as handles, nuts, and used to connect the institutions, such as cylinder piston rod. 2) Force the middle of delivery. Such as hinges, levers and so on. 3)Clamping components. Such as plate, such as screws. Force delivery of them in the middle of the original transmission of force to the process of clamping devices can play, such as changes in the direction of force to change the size of forces, as well as the role of self-locking and so on. Second, the basic requirements for clamping device Without damaging the work piece positioning accuracy, and quality assurance process under the premise of clamping devices should be enabled to: 1. The size of the appropriate clamping force. It is necessary to ensure that the work piece in the whole process of its stable position, vibration small, but also so that the work piece does not produce excessive clamping deformation. 2. Technology is good. The complexity of the clamping device should be suited to the production of the Program, to ensure production efficiency, its structure should be kept simple, easy to manufacture and maintenance. 3. Good use. The operation of clamping device should be convenient, safe and labor-saving. Third, the basic Clamp The original force into a clamping force through the clamping body to achieve. Among the many institutions in the clamping wedge oblique, spiral, and by their eccentric combination of the most common application of clamping. (A) Wedge Clamp Wedge used as components or transmission of the clamping device clamping body known as the Wedge Clamp. Wedge clamping directly, the oblique wedge of the self-locking conditions are: Wedge angle smaller than the work piece Wedge, Wedge and folders between the concrete and the friction angle. Namely: a f1 + f2 In order to ensure a reliable self-locking, manual clamping generally take a = 6 8 . Using pneumatic or hydraulic device drivers do not need the self-locking oblique wedge, it is desirable to a = 15 35 . Wedge clamp is simple in structure, than by large, self-locking features such as performance, it is widely available. (B) Helical Clamp Used as intermediate screw transmission components are collectively referred to as the clamping screw clamping body organs. Because of its simple structure, reliable clamping, common good, and as a result of the small helix angle, spiral of self-locking clamping body good, clamping force and the clamping itinerary are larger fixture on manual with the most a clamping body. 1. Simple screw clamp body The simplest spiral as a result of the direct use of clamping bodies pressed work piece screw head, so easy to damage the surface of the work piece under pressure, or driven rotating work piece. So often in the head with swinging Press. Press with the work piece as a result of friction between the Press and the torque is greater than the friction between the screw torque, screw together with the Press will not rotate. Clamping action slow, time-consuming loading and unloading the work piece is a single spiral Another drawback of the Clamp. To overcome this shortcoming, the rapid clamping bodies can be. 2. Clamp screw plate Institutions in the clamping, the use of spiral plate is very common, common structure of the spiral structure of a typical plate size has been standardized, the designer can refer to the relevant national standards and fixture design manual design. (C) Eccentric Clamp With eccentric pieces, directly or indirectly, the work piece clamping body, known as the eccentric clamping body. There are two types of eccentric pieces, that is, and the curve of eccentricity eccentric circle, which, due to a round eccentric structure is simple and easy to manufacture and is widely used. Eccentric clamping processing is easy to operate, rapid clamp, the disadvantage of clamping force and clamping trip are small. Not generally used in cutting force, vibration small, there is no centrifugal force of the impact of the processing. 1. Round the working principle of eccentric 2. Eccentric clamping round trip and paragraph 3. Eccentric self-locking condition of amax j1 + j2 Was derived: f1 2e / D When f = 0.1 hours, e / D 20, when f = 0.15 pm, e / D 14 Fourth, institutions centering clamping When the work piece is processed by the central element of surface (axis, the center plane, etc.) for the base process, in order to enable the base to reduce the positioning error of coincidence, to be used centering clamping body. Centering centering clamping body and clamping the two functions, such as horizontal self-centering three-jaw lathe chuck is a classic example of the most commonly used. Centering centering clamping the role of institutions according to their principle, there are two types, one is relying on the transmission mechanism so that mobile speed centering clamping device in order to achieve centering clamping, such as spiral, leveraged, institutions such as wedge ; the other is the use of thin-walled elastic element force even after the elastic deformation (contraction or expansion), to achieve centering clamping, such as a spring clip drum, diaphragm chuck, bellows units, such as liquid plastic. 1. Centering clamping body spiral Rotary screw thread at both ends to the contrary, the same pitch. When it spins, the two V-shaped gag against the constant movement in order to achieve the centering of the work piece clamping or release. V-shaped work pieces of different shapes can shut up the replacement. Centering clamping bodies such features are: simple structure, the work trip, and general good, but the centering accuracy is not high, mainly suitable for rough or semi-finished tour of the needs of large and less demanding precision centering occasions. 2. Leveraged institutions centering clamping Three-jaw self-centering leveraged trading cards, sleeve for axial movement, the circle are three fabric hook lever will rotate around the axis, the three struck the slider along the radial movement of the cards in order to promote its claws the work piece centering and clamping or release. This centering clamping rigid body, and move fast, by force multiplier, and the work trip is also characterized by relatively large, but its relatively low precision centering. Generally about 0.1mm, it is mainly used for rough work. Since the body can not self-locking lever, so that organizations rely on self-locking air pressure or other agencies. 3. Centering clamping wedge bodies Wedge mobile folder automatically centering body claw, when the work piece surface within the hole and left the position in the fixture after the six-cylinder through the rod so that the left claw clip, due to the role of ontology on the slope, while the left claw folder to the opened outside the bulge will be centering the work piece clamping; the other hand, claw shifted to right folder, in the role of spring circle card folder under收拢claw to release the work piece. Centering clamping bodies such compact structure, usually ranging from precision centering 0.02mm 0.07mm, compared with the hole for the work piece surface for positioning the base of the semi-finishing processes. 4. Clip-on spring-centering clamping cylinder body This centering clamping sleeve body type commonly used in the installation of the work piece. Elastic centering clamping simple structure, small size, easy to operate quickly, so a wide range of applications. Centering accuracy of its stability in between 0.04mm 0.010mm. In addition to the above described centering clamping bodies, are commonly used diaphragm chuck body, corrugated centering clamping sets of institutions, as well as fluid bodies, such as plastic clamping。1. 机械加工工艺手册第1卷M .孟少龙编机械工业出版社，1991工件在夹具中的夹紧在机械加工过程中，工件受到切削力、离心力、惯性力等的作用，为了保证在这些外力作用下，工件仍能在夹具中保持已由定位元件确定的加工位置，而不致发生振动或位移、夹具结构中应设置夹紧装置将工件可靠夹牢。一、夹紧装置的组成夹紧装置的种类很多，但其结构均由两部分组成。1动力装置夹紧力的来源，一是人力；二是某种装置所产生的力。能产生力的装置称为夹具的动力装置。常用的动力装置有：气动装置、液压装置、电动装置、电磁装置、气液联动装置和真空装置等。由于手动夹具的夹紧力来自人力，所以它没有动力装置。2夹紧部分接受和传递原始作用力使之变为夹紧力并执行夹紧任务的部分，一般由下列机构组成：1）接受原始作用力的机构。如手柄、螺母及用来连接气缸活塞杆的机构等。2）中间递力机构。如铰链、杠杆等。3）夹紧元件。如各种螺钉压板等。其中中间递力机构在传递原始作用力至夹紧元件的过程中可以起到诸如改变作用力的方向、改变作用力的大小以及自锁等作用。二、夹紧装置的基本要求在不破坏工件定位精度，并保证加工质量的前提下，应尽量使夹紧装置做到：1夹紧力的大小适当。既要保证工件在整个加工过程中其位置稳定不变、振动小，又要使工件不产生过大的夹紧变形。2工艺性好。夹紧装置的复杂程度应与生产纲领相适应，在保证生产效率的前提下，其结构应力求简单，便于制造和维修。3使用性好。夹紧装置的操作应当方便、安全、省力。三、基本夹紧机构原始作用力转化为夹紧力是通过夹紧机构来实现的。在众多的夹紧机构中以斜楔、螺旋、偏心以及由它们组合而成的夹紧机构应用最为普遍。（一）斜楔夹紧机构采用斜楔作为传力元件或夹紧元件的夹紧机构称为斜楔夹紧机构。直接采用斜楔夹紧时，斜楔的自锁条件是：斜楔的升角小于斜楔与工件、斜楔与夹具体之间的摩擦角之和。即：a f1 + f2为保证自锁可靠，手动夹紧机构一般取a=68。用气压或液压装置驱动的斜楔不需要自锁，可取a =1535。斜楔夹紧具有结构简单，增力比大，自锁性能好等特点，因此获得广泛应用。（二）螺旋夹紧机构采用螺杆作中间传力元件的夹紧机构统称为螺旋夹紧机构。由于它结构简单、夹紧可靠、通用性好，而且由于螺旋升角小，螺旋夹紧机构的自锁性能好，夹紧力和夹紧行程都较大，是手动夹具上用得最多的一种夹紧机构。1简单螺旋夹紧机构最简单的螺旋夹紧机构由于直接用螺钉头部压紧工件，易使工件受压表面损伤，或带动工件旋转。因此常在头部装有摆动的压块。由于压块与工件间的摩擦力矩大于压块与螺钉间的摩擦力矩，压块不会随螺钉一起转动。夹紧动作慢、工件装卸费时是单个螺旋夹紧机构的另一个缺点。为克服这一缺点，可采用快速夹紧机构。2螺旋压板夹紧机构在夹紧机构中，螺旋压板的使用非常普遍，常见的螺旋压板典型结构其结构尺寸均已标准化，设计者可参考有关国家标准和夹具设计手册进行设计。（三）偏心夹紧机构用偏心件直接或间接夹紧工件的机构，称为偏心夹紧机构。偏心件有两种形式，即圆偏心和曲线偏心，其中，圆偏心机构因结构简单、制造容易而得到广泛应用。偏心夹紧加工操作方便、夹紧迅速，缺点是夹紧力和夹紧行程都小。一般用于切削力不大、振动小、没有离心力影响的加工中。1圆偏心轮的工作原理2圆偏心轮的夹紧行程及工作段3偏心轮的自锁条件 amax j1 + j2推导得： f1 2eD 当f = 0.1时，eD 20当f = 0.15时，eD 14四、定心夹紧机构当工件被加工面以中心要素（轴线、中心平面等）为工序基准时，为使基准重合以减少定位误差，需采用定心夹紧机构。定心夹紧机构具有定心和夹紧两种功能，如卧式车床的三爪自定心卡盘即为最常用的典型实例。定心夹紧机构按其定心作用原理有两种类型，一种是依靠传动机构使定心夹紧元件等速移动，从而实现定心夹紧，如螺旋式、杠杆式、楔式机构等；另一种是利用薄壁弹性元件受力后产生均匀的弹性变形（收缩或扩张），来实现定心夹紧，如弹簧筒夹、膜片卡盘、波纹套、液性塑料等。1螺旋式定心夹紧机构螺杆两端的螺纹旋向相反，螺距相同。当其旋转时，使两个V形钳口作对向等速移动，从而实现对工件的定心夹紧或松开。V形钳口可按工件不同形状进行更换。这种定心夹紧机构的特点是：结构简单、工作行程大、通用性好，但定心精度不高，主要适用于粗加工或半精加工中需要行程大而定心精度要求不高的场合。2杠杆式定心夹紧机构杠杆式三爪自定心卡盘中，滑套作轴向移动时，圆周均布的三个钩形杠杆便绕轴转动，拨动三个滑块沿径向移动，从而带动其上卡爪将工件定心并夹紧或松开。这种定心夹紧机构具有刚性大、动作快、增力倍数大、工作行程也比较大等特点，但其定心精度较低。一般为0.1mm左右，它主要用于工件的粗加工。由于杠杆机构不能自锁，所以这种机构自锁要靠气压或其它机构。3楔式定心夹紧机构机动的楔式夹爪自动定心机构中，当工件以内孔及左端面在夹具上定位后，汽缸通过拉杆使六个夹爪左移，由于本体上斜面的作用，夹爪左移的同时向外胀开，将工件定心夹紧；反之，夹爪右移时，在弹簧卡圈的作用下使夹爪收拢，将工件松开。这种定心夹紧机构的结构紧凑，定心精度一般可达0.02mm0.07mm，比较适用于工件内孔作定位基面的半精加工工序。4弹簧筒夹式定心夹紧机构这种定心夹紧机构常用于安装轴套类工件。弹性定心夹紧机构的结构简单、体积小、操作方便迅速，因而应用十分广泛。其定心精度可稳定在0.04mm0.010mm之间。除上述介绍的定心夹紧机构外，常用的还有膜片卡盘机构、波纹套定心夹紧机构以及液性塑料夹紧机构等。2.Development Trend of Chinas machine tool fixture analysis Chinese mechanical net 2007Machining fixture is an indispensable component in the machine tool technology to high-speed, high efficiency, precision, complex, intelligent, environmentally-friendly direction, driven by technology is moving fixture high-precision, high-performance, modular, mix, general economic direction. First, high-precision machining with improved accuracy, in order to reduce the positioning error and improve machining accuracy of the fixture manufacturing precision demanding high-precision positioning jig Distance accuracy up to 5m, the bearing surface of the vertical fixture achieve 0.01mm / 300mm, up to parallelism 0.01mm/500mm. Germany demmeler (Melody Dai) manufactured 4m long, 2m wide hole series combination of welding fixture platform, its high margin of error of 0.03mm; pliers precision flat and parallel to the vertical degrees in less than 5m; fixture installed repeat positioning accuracy up to 5m; Switzerland duplication EROWA Flexible fixture positioning accuracy of up to 2 5m. Precision machine tool fixture to the micron level has been raised, the worlds leading manufacturer of fixture is precision machinery manufacturing enterprises. It is true that, in order to meet the needs of different industries and economy, folders with different models, as well as the different grades for the accuracy of the standard options. Second, efficient tool to improve production efficiency, double-sided, four and more than clamping fixture of more and more products. Work piece in order to reduce the installation time, all kinds of auto-centering clamping, precision flat clamp, clamping levers, cam clamp, such as pneumatic and hydraulic clamping, rapid clamping new features constantly. New type of electronically controlled permanent magnet fixture, step up and release the work piece only 1 2 seconds, simplifying the fixture structure for the machine to carry out multi-stage, multi-faceted and multi-processing to create the conditions. In order to shorten the machine installed in the fixture and adjusting the time, Sweden in just 1 minute fixture 3R, WEDM to complete the installation and calibration fixture. American Jergens (Jenkins) the companys ball lock clamping system, 1 minutes, will be able to locate and lock fixture in the machine tool table, the ball lock clamping system of flexible production line for the replacement of fixtures, played reduce downtime time and increase the role of productivity. Third, modules, modular components of modular fixture is the basis of the realization of portfolio. The use of modular design of the series, standardized fixture components, the rapid assembly into various fixtures, technology development has become a fixture of the point. Labor, save time, materials, energy saving, reflected in a variety of advanced systems of innovation in fixture. Modular fixture design and assembly of computer-aided design and lay a foundation for the application of CAD technology, the establishment of libraries, the typical fixture library, standards and user archive for fixture design optimization for the user-assembled three-dimensional solid fixture. Simulation of cutting process tool, which provides users with the correct and reasonable supporting fixture and program components, but also the accumulation of experience, understanding of market demand, continue to improve and perfect the fixture system. Modular fixture with the Huazhong University of Science and Technology Branch of cooperation fixture is in the process of creating professional Web site for the exchange of information industry fixture, fixture product development consulting and public platform for the realization of fixture design and services of the common, long-range information technology and business e-commerce of. Fourth, GM, economic common fixture of a direct impact on its economy. The use of modules, modular fixture systems, relatively large one-time inv

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