人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 毕业设计 > 钳块加工工艺及专用夹具设计[三维SW]【11张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

零件图A3.dwg

钳块加工工艺及专用夹具设计[三维SW]【11张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

资源目录

钳块加工工艺及专用夹具设计[三维SW]【全套CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】.rar

零件图A3.dwg---(点击预览)

说明书.doc---(点击预览)

计划周记进度检查表.xls---(点击预览)

装配图A2.dwg---(点击预览)

相关资料.doc---(点击预览)

压缩包内文档预览：

编号：445740 类型：共享资源大小：2.06MB 格式：RAR 上传时间：2015-07-02 上传人：好资料QQ****51605 IP属地：江苏

50
积分

版权申诉 word格式文档无特别注明外均可编辑修改；预览文档经过压缩，下载后原文更清晰！ 立即下载

关键词：: 加工工艺专用夹具设计三维 sw 全套 cad 图纸毕业论文答辩通过

资源描述：

摘要

“钳块加工工艺及专用夹具设计”这个题目顾名思义，分为两个部分，一个是针对活动钳块的加工工艺，另一方面就是针对这个尺寸的钳块设计出一个专门的夹具，这要求我们四年所学知识的集中应用。

在这个设计中，首先明白钳块是什么？有什么作用？为此，我专门做了零件分析，它的特点，要求，需要加工的地方，以及技术要求等等，在加工材料方面我选择了灰口铸铁，因为它的力学性能好，价格不高，且容易获得，我根据目标零件的尺寸，我制订了74×64×32的毛坯，再结合基面先行，先粗后精，先主后次，先面后孔的原则也为了减少装卸次数制订了如下加工工艺过程：

铸造——实效——涂底漆——粗铣上表面——粗铣下表面——粗铣左端面——钻φ20的孔—— 钻M10螺纹孔的底孔——半精铣下表面—— 扩φ20H8的孔—— 扩φ28的孔；——铰φ20H8的孔——攻M10的螺纹

在整个加工工艺中，面的加工我选择XA6132铣床，对于孔的加工我选择了Z3040钻床，对刀具的选择，主轴转速，进给速度，背吃刀量按照自己的思路，逐一做了列举计算，详细请看工艺分析过程和工艺卡片。

对于夹具的设计，应当满足加工工件能够方便夹持，能够满足工件的大规模生产，且结构不太复杂，结合加工工艺对其做好夹紧力的计算，力学校核，和定位分析的基础上设计夹具，画出相应的二维三维图，整理好后请老师查阅。顺利完成毕业答辩。

关键字：工艺；夹具；计算；分析

Abstract

"This topic clamp block processing technology and special fixture design" as the name implies, is divided into two parts, one is the process of active clamp block, on the other hand is the size of the clamp block to design a special fixture, focused on the application of the requirements of our four years of knowledge.

In this design, first understand clamp block is what? What effect is there? Therefore, I made the analysis of requirements of parts, its characteristics, needs, processing areas, as well as the technical requirements and so on, in the process I chose the materials of cast iron, because of its good mechanical performance, the price is not high, and easy to get, I according to the target part size, I made 74 * 64 * 32 blank, combined with the base first, coarse to fine, after the first primary time, the surface after the first hole principle in order to reduce the loading and unloading times for the following process:

Casting -- effectiveness -- primer -- rough milling surface -- rough milling surface -- rough milling left end -- hole drilling drill φ 20 -- M10 threaded hole bottom -- half precision milling surface -- expansion of φ 20H8 φ 28 hole -- expanding holes; threads -- hinge hole and φ 20H8 -- M10

In the whole process, the machining I choose XA6132 milling machine for the machining of the hole, I chose the Z3040 drilling machine, the feed rate of the cutting tool choice, spindle speed, depth of cut, according to their own ideas, one by one to do lists calculation, see the process analysis and process card.

Fixture for the design, should meet the workpiece can be conveniently clamped, can satisfy the large-scale production of the workpiece, and the structure is not too complex, calculation, do clamping force on the binding process of mechanics analysis, and based on the analysis of fixture locating design, draw the 2D and 3D graph corresponding, good after finishing please refer to. Successfully completed the graduation reply.

Key words: technology; fixture; calculation; analysis

1 绪论1

1.1 本课题研究的内容和意义1

1.2 国内外的发展概况1

1.3 本课题应达到的要求1

2 设计内容2

2.1 零件分析2

2.1.1 零件的工艺性分析和零件图的审查2

2.1.2 零件的作用3

2.1.3 零件的工艺分析3

2.2 工艺分析及生产类型的确定3

2.2.1 确定毛坯制造形式3

2.2.2 工艺规程的作用4

2.2.3 基面的选择4

2.2.4 工件表面加工方法的选择4

2.2.7 确定切削用量及基本工时10

2.3 夹具设计23

2.3.1 问题的提出23

2.3.2 定位基准的选择23

2.3.4 切削力及夹紧力计算25

2.3.6 夹具设计及操作简要说明27

致谢28

参考文献29

附录30

1 绪论

1.1 本课题研究的内容和意义

主要研究解决大批量钳块的加工工艺及设计相应的专用夹具，从而达到了加工工艺的合理性，且在专用夹具的使用中，使得钳块在加工过程中质量的稳定性和装夹的方便性得到了很好的保证。通过设计实践进一步树立正确的设计思想。在整个设计过程中，坚持实践是检验真理的唯一标准，坚持理论联系实际，坚持与机械制造生产情况相符合，使设计尽可能做到技术先进、经济合理、生产可行、操作方便、安全可靠。

全部文件.gif

三维效果图.gif

零件图A3.gif

毛坯A3.gif

装配图A2.gif

夹具体A3.gif

内容简介：: 编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：钳块加工工艺及专用夹具设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923823学生姓名：于浩指导教师：陈伟明（职称：副教授）（职称：）2013年5月25日目录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：钳块加工工艺及专用夹具设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923823 学生姓名：于浩指导教师：陈伟明（职称：副教授）（职称：）2012年11月25日课题来源无锡某企业实习科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）科学意义：机械加工工艺是指用机械加工的方法改变毛坯的形状、尺寸、相对位置和性质使其成为合格零件的全过程，加工工艺是工人进行加工的一个依据。机械作为国家发展概况反应的支柱性产业，在国民发展中起了越来越重要的作用，特别是高速发展的今天，在国与国竞争的今天，更是离不开机械加工行业，也就意味着需要大批的机械加工工艺的分析者和专用夹具的设计者！这个课题的研究是个基础性研究，也是机械行业必不可少的一环！国内外研究概况：在中国，机械加工工艺分析及专用夹具设计是以机械制造中的工艺问题及夹具设计为研究对象的基础性学科，是机械制造专业的主要专业课。它主要研究各种机械的制造方法和制造过程，产品的质量及其控制，提高劳动生产率及经济效益的措施，机械制造工艺装备及其设计基础。在国外特别是德国，日本等机械行业较发达的国家机械加工工艺较国内更加趋向于严谨，适应，机械加工工艺分析更精细，夹具的设计业向更有针对性，用最少的材料实现最大的价值！更科学，机床的精度，实用性，复杂性也比国内情况更好！水平和发展趋势：在机械发展情况来看，国外较国内发展情况好，相比之下，国内的较粗放，国外较精细，科学，但发展趋势上来看，这个差距正在缩小，我国无论是机械加工工艺分析水平还是专用夹具的设计水平，都有着很好的发展。应用前景：机械行业是国民发展的支柱性产业，几乎渗透的社会生活的各个方面，是国家国家发展情况的重要方面，随着国民经济的发展，机械行业将拥有者更加广阔的前景！万丈高楼平地起，机械行业的发展离不开加工工艺分析专用夹具设计这些基础性产业！研究内容钳块的技术要求工艺分析及生产类型的确定、确定毛坯、绘制毛坯图、拟定工艺路线、加工余量、工序尺寸和公差的确定、确定切削用量及基本工时专用夹具设计拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析研究方法：一方面根据任务书搜集各类参考书，根据老师的要求，按步骤走，同时找到一些以前和这个课题相关的设计，借鉴参考，在吃透课本知识的同时根据课题需要扩展延伸，熟练运用CAD,UG画图软件，作为毕业设计的最基本的基础，对于机械设计机械制造基础课程要格外关注。不懂不了解的地方及时询问老师，同学，或者到网上查阅。技术路线：针对这个设计课题要熟悉各种机械加工工艺技术的具体概况，在加工时会用到各种机床，材料，熟悉它们，懂得它们的作用，能作出什么样的工件，适合怎么样的加工等等！了解这些，为此次设计作为技术基础！实验方案及可行性分析：首先仔细阅读任务书，认真阅读图纸确定毛坯、绘制毛坯图、拟定工艺路线、加工余量、工序尺寸和公差的确定、确定切削用量及基本工时，最后做一个专用夹具设计！研究计划及预期成果研究计划：第12周查找资料、文献综述、开题报告第34周确定毛坯、绘制毛坯图第55周拟定工艺路线第69周加工余量、工序尺寸和公差的确定第1014周确定切削用量及基本工时及专用夹具设计第1515周论文初稿第1517周统调，论文复稿，编制产品使用说明书第1818周毕业答辩预期成果希望一切顺利，自己能顺利完成毕业设计！所设计的夹具能够顺利，高效的加工出活动钳块这个零件。特色或创新之处灵活运用各种软件，能够借鉴过去的毕业设计，在其基础上发展，不完全依赖于老师的指导，充分发挥自我的灵活性！且计划详细，可行性高！务求稳扎稳打！已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题具备足够的信息来源和技术支持，由强有力的老师指导自己的专业知识需要加强，运用制图软件的能力需要加强。指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年月日系意见主管领导签名：年月日CNC Cutting Technology ReviewNumerical control high speed cutting technology (High Speed Machining, HSM, or High Speed Cutting, HSC), is one of the advanced manufacturing technology to improve the machining efficiency and quality, the study of related technology has become an important research direction of advanced manufacturing technology at home and abroad. China is a big manufacturing country, in the world of industry transfer to accept the front instead of back-end of the transfer, to master the core technology of advanced manufacturing, or in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, our country manufacturing industry will further behind. Imminent research on the theory and application of advanced technology.1, high-speed CNC machining meaningHigh speed cutting theory put forward by the German physicist Carl.J.Salomon in the last century and early thirtys. He concluded by a lot of experiments: in the normal range of cutting speed, cutting speed if the increase, will cause the cutting temperature rise, exacerbating the wear of cutting tool; however, when the cutting speed is increased to a certain value, as long as more than the inflection point, with the increase of the cutting speed, cutting temperature can not rise, but will decline, so as long as the cutting speed is high enough, it can be solved very well in high cutting temperature caused by tool wear is not conducive to the cutting problem, obtained good processing efficiency.With the development of manufacturing industry, this theory is gradually paid more attention to, and attracted a lot of attention, on the basis of this theory has gradually formed the field of high-speed cutting technology of NC, relatively early research on NC High-speed Machining Technology in developed countries, through the theoretical basis of the research, basic research and applied research and development application, at present applications have entered the substantive stage in some areas.The high-speed cutting processing category, generally have the following several kinds of classification methods, one is to see that cutting speed, cutting speed over conventional cutting speed is 5-10 times of high speed cutting. Also has the scholar to spindle speed as the definition of high-speed processing standards, that the spindle speed is higher than that of 8000r/min for high speed machining. And from the machine tool spindle design point of view, with the product of DN diameter of spindle and spindle speed, if the value of DN to (52000) * 105mm.r/min, is considered to be of high speed machining. In practice, different processing methods, different materials, high speed cutting speed corresponding to different. Is generally believed that the turning speed of (7007000) m/min, milling speed reaches m/min (3006000), that is in the high-speed cutting.In addition, from the practical considerations, high-speed machining concept not only contains the high speed cutting process, integration and optimization also contains the process of cutting, is a can obtain good economic benefits and high speed, is the unity of technology and benefit.High-speed cutting technology is in the machine tool structure and materials, machine tool design, manufacturing technology, high-speed spindle system, high performance and fast feeding system, a high performance CNC system, tool holder system, high performance tool material and tool design and manufacturing technology, high efficiency and high precision measurement and testing technology, the mechanism of high speed cutting, high speed cutting process and other related hardware and software technology are fully integrated into the development foundation. Therefore, high speed cutting technology is a complex system engineering, is a with the related technology development and the development of the concept of.2, the superiority of high-speed CNC machiningDue to the large amplitude of the increase of the cutting speed, high speed machining technology not only improves the cutting productivity, and compared with the conventional cutting also has some obvious advantages: first, small cutting force: in high speed milling, cutting adopts the form of small quantities, high cutting speed, the cutting force is reduced by 30% compared to the conventional cutting, especially the radial cutting force greatly spindle bearing, tool, workpiece is reduced. Both to reduce tool wear, and effective control of the vibration machining system, improve the machining accuracy. Second, the material removal rate is high: the use of high speed cutting, cutting speed and feed rate are improved greatly, the same time the material removal rate is improved greatly. Thus greatly improve the processing efficiency. Third, thermal deformation small: in the high-speed cutting, cutting heat, most of the time to the work piece by the outflow of high-speed chip away, so the heating time of the machined surface is short, not because of the temperature rise leads to thermal deformation, is helpful to improve the surface accuracy, physical and mechanical properties of the machined surface processing method is better than the common. Fourth, high precision machining: high speed cutting usually feed is relatively small, so that the machined surface roughness is greatly reduced, at the same time as the cutting force is smaller than the conventional vibration cutting, machining system is reduced, the machining process more smoothly, so that good quality, can realize high accuracy, low degree of rough machining. Fifth, the green environmental protection: when high speed cutting, workpiece machining time is shortened, the use of energy and equipment rate, high processing efficiency, low processing energy consumption, at the same time, due to the high speed cutting can be achieved even without dry cutting, reduce the cutting fluid, reduce pollution and consumption.Research and application of numerical control high speed cutting technology, 3In view of the above characteristics of high speed machining, the technology has great application potential in the field of traditional processing weak. First of all, the workpiece for thin-wall parts and slender, uses the high-speed cutting, the cutting force is significantly reduced, the heat is chipping away, can be very good for using the traditional method of the deformation problem caused due to the influence of cutting force and cutting heat, greatly improving the processing quality. Secondly, because of the cutting resistance is small, to reduce tool wear, materials of high manganese steel, hardened steel, austenitic stainless steel, composite materials, wear-resistant cast iron is difficult to be processed by traditional methods, can be studied using numerical control high speed cutting technology to process. In addition, in the automotive, aerospace, mold, manufacturing field, some integral components require relatively large material removal rate, the feed speed CNC high speed cutting with the cutting speed increase and the corresponding increase in unit time, so that the material removal rate is greatly improved, thus in the mold manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, aerospace manufacturing application of numerical control high speed cutting technology, will produce the enormous economic benefits. Fourth, because of the high-speed cutting, machining process is stable, the vibration is small, compared with the conventional cutting, high speed cutting can significantly improve the precision of 12, can be cancelled completely finishing, and subsequent, adopt numerical control high speed cutting technology, can achieve and rough, finishing on the overall structure of complex parts in a machine, reduces the likelihood of locating error transfer process, which is also conducive to improve the machining accuracy. Therefore, high speed cutting technology has a wide application prospect in precision manufacturing. Aluminium mould such as a business process, the mold cavity length is 1500mm, the required size error of 0.05mm, surface roughness Ra0.8 m, manufacturing process the original: rough planing - semi finish planing - finishing - Manual scraping - manual polishing, manufacturing cycle is 60 hours. Using high speed milling, after semi-finish machining and finish machining, the processing cycle is only 6 hours, not only improve efficiency, but also greatly improve the quality of mold.4, research on Key Technologies of high-speed CNC machiningNC High-speed machining is a complex systems engineering, involves cutting mechanism, cutting machine, cutter, cutting process monitoring and processing technology and other related hardware and software technology, implementation and development of numerical control high speed cutting technology, rely on this system of various elements, the key technology to realize high-speed CNC cutting technology cannot do without, specifically in the following aspects:1) the mechanism of high speed cutting: the various materials in high speed machining conditions, the chip formation mechanism, variation of cutting force, cutting heat, tool wear patterns and effects on the surface quality, the basic theory above experiments and research, will be conducive to promoting the high-speed cutting process for determining and cutting the amount of choice, and provide a theoretical basis for the processing of specific parts and material formulation, which belongs to the technical principle. At present, to determine the process specification of high speed cutting and cutting ferrous metals and difficult to machine materials, is one of the difficulties in the production of high-speed cutting, and is also the focus of research in the field of high speed machining.2) technology of high speed cutting machine tool module: high-speed cutting machine needs high-speed spindle system, feeding system and high-speed CNC control system. Able to work in very high speed under the high-speed processing requirements of spindle unit, the above general spindle speed 10000 r/min, some even as high as 60000-100000r/min, and to ensure good dynamic and thermal properties. The key part is the main shaft bearing, it decides the life of high-speed spindle and load capacity, one of the core components and high-speed cutting machine tool spindle structure, improvement and performance improvement is one of the most important technology of high-speed machine tools. Another important element of the technology is high speed feed system. With the development of machine tool spindle speed increasing, in order to ensure each cutter teeth or feeding amount per rotation invariant, machine tool feed speed and acceleration is also a corresponding increase, the same time to improve travel speed. Therefore, machine tool feed system must move quickly and fast and accurate positioning, which is obviously on the machine tool guide, servo system, working table, put forward new and higher requirements, is the key technology of high-speed machine tool technology control unit.3) the high speed cutting tool technology module: high-speed machining process system composed of machine tools, tool and workpiece, tool is the most active factor. The cutting tool is one of the key technology to ensure high speed cutting smoothly. With the substantial increase of cutting velocity, have put forward different from traditional speed cutting requirements of cutting tool materials, geometric parameters of cutting tool, cutter body structure, high speed cutting tool material and tool manufacturing technology has undergone tremendous changes, high-speed machining, to ensure productivity and high machining precision, but also to to ensure safety and reliability. Therefore, high speed cutting tool system must meet with a clamp repeat positioning accuracy of geometric accuracy good and high loading, clamping rigidity, good high speed when the equilibrium state and safe and reliable. As far as possible to reduce the knife body quality, in order to reduce the high speed rotating centrifugal force by security, meet the requirement for high speed cutting tool, clamping method improvement. Technology research and development tool system is one of the key tasks of high-speed CNC machining.4) numerical control high speed cutting process: high speed cutting as a new cutting method, to be applied to actual production, the lack of application examples for reference, not the amount of cutting and processing parameter database, parameter optimization technology of high speed machining is one of the key technologies of the current constraints should be used. In addition, the high-speed cutting parts NC program must ensure stable load in the whole cutting process, but most CNC software is now used in the automatic programming function still cannot meet the requirements, needs to be added and optimized by manual programming, which reduces the high speed cutting value in a certain extent, must study a new programming method, so that the cutting data power characteristic curve for high speed spindle, give full play to the advantages of numerical control high speed cutting.Development and comprehensive development and application of high speed machining technology depends on the key technology of the above principles, machine tool, cutting tool, the process of the.Research status and development trend of high speed cutting technology, 5Due to the high speed cutting has great potential in improving production efficiency, has already become important technologies in the field of competing for the United States and Japan, Germany and other countries. The United States Japan as early as the 60 century, started to study on the mechanism of high speed cutting. The last century 70s, the United States has developed high-speed milling machine maximum speed of up to 20000r/min. Now, Europe and the United States and other developed countries the production of different specifications of the various high-speed machine tool has the commercial production and into the market, the actual application in aircraft, automotive and mold manufacturing industry. For example, manufacturing enterprises in the American Boeing aircraft, has adopted the high-speed CNC machining technology to machining integral super high-speed milling of aluminum alloy, titanium alloy thin-walled structure and the waveguide, flexible gyroscope frame of the ordinary method of parts. In recent years, the United States, Europe, Japan and other countries of the new generation of NC machine tools, high-speed machining center, high speed tool system and industrialization process further speed up the pace, the specialized production electric spindle technology and high performance products increase; tool system technology of high performance rapid development; application of linear motor in high speed feed system.Our country in the research and development of high speed cutting technology, many universities and research efforts and exploration, including cutting mechanism, cutting tool material, spindle bearing, etc., have also made considerable achievements. However, compared with developed countries, there is still a big gap, basically still in the research stage of laboratory. In order to meet the needs of economic and social development, to meet the needs of aerospace, automobile, mold and other industry, NC Application Research of high-speed cutting technology has a long way to go.At present, the research of high-speed cutting technology has been to the application stage from the stage of experiment. Research in the application of includes two aspects: one is the basic theoretical research on the key technology of high speed machining, including high speed spindle unit and a high speed feed unit, realizing the localization of high-speed machine tool. On the other hand, based on existing laboratory practice technology, application of process performance and process scope. Among them, research on the high speed cutting process is one of the most active research areas at present, the main goal is to directly process through advanced equipment testing or import, processing technology to resolve the issue of key parts, the development and perfection of the high-speed cutting method of special materials; research and development to adapt to the CAD/CAM software system in high speed machining and post processing system, the processing state safety monitoring system based on a new detection technology.When we entered the twenty-first Century, from the observation of the world, we are in the advanced manufacturing technology unprecedented rapid development period. Due to the advent of CNC machine tool (NC), the development of a series of CNC machining, such as machining center (MC), flexible manufacturing unit of flexible manufacturing system (FMS), computer integrated manufacturing system, and even the emergence of virtual axis machine tool is completely different with the traditional machine (also known as the six legs machine), closely and machine tool at the same time complement each other up the development of high speed machining technology, new tools, new technology, make the mechanical processing greatly reduces the labor intensity, auxiliary time is greatly shortened, the product quality and the production efficiency is improved greatly, become the development of manufacturing industry and the global economy has played a tremendous role in promoting. In the case of the United States, the manufacturing industry is known as the most economic sectors in the United States, for the United States in the 90s gross domestic product (GDP) growth reached 29%.Today, vigorously develop the NC technology and equipment, has become the strategic decision of the governments in the world, with CNC equipped modern industry and transformation of traditional industries have become the developing direction of manufacturing countries in the world. In the late 90s as the output of CNC machine tools of Germany, Japan, Italy, the rate has reached more than 51.75%. CNC machine tools has become the main equipment in modern manufacturing technology, NC machining technology has become the mainstream of the advanced manufacturing technology, a new era of the modern manufacturing industry. The partys sixteen big clearly pointed out: to revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry. New Chinas equipment manufacturing industry after many generations, especially the 20 years of reform and opening up and modernization construction, has established a relatively complete, independent industrial system, has the certain material and technical basis, the overall production scale has been ranked the fourth in the world. Many economists predict, in 数控切削技术综述数控高速切削技术(High Speed Machining,HSM,或High Speed Cutting,HSC),是提高加工效率和加工质量的先进制造技术之一,相关技术的研究已成为国内外先进制造技术领域重要的研究方向。我国是制造大国,在世界产业转移中要尽量接受前端而不是后端的转移,即要掌握先进制造核心技术,否则在新一轮国际产业结构调整中,我国制造业将进一步落后。研究先进技术的理论和应用迫在眉睫。 1、数控高速切削加工的含义高速切削理论由德国物理学家Carl.J.Salomon在上世纪三十年代初提出的。他通过大量的实验研究得出结论:在正常的切削速度范围内,切削速度如果提高,会导致切削温度上升,从而加剧了切削刀具的磨损;然而,当切削速度提高到某一定值后,只要超过这个拐点,随着切削速度提高,切削温度就不会升高,反而会下降,因此只要切削速度足够高,就可以很好的解决切削温度过高而造成刀具磨损不利于切削的问题,获得良好的加工效益。随着制造工业的发展,这一理论逐渐被重视,并吸引了众多研究目光,在此理论基础上逐渐形成了数控高速切削技术研究领域,数控高速切削加工技术在发达国家的研究相对较早,经历了理论基础研究、应用基础研究以及应用研究和发展应用,目前已经在一些领域进入实质应用阶段。关于高速切削加工的范畴,一般有以下几种划分方法,一种是以切削速度来看,认为切削速度超过常规切削速度5-10倍即为高速切削。也有学者以主轴的转速作为界定高速加工的标准,认为主轴转速高于8000r/min即为高速加工。还有从机床主轴设计的角度,以主轴直径和主轴转速的乘积DN定义,如果DN值达到(52000)105mm.r/min,则认为是高速加工。生产实践中,加工方法不同、材料不同,高速切削速度也相应不同。一般认为车削速度达到(7007000)m/min,铣削的速度达到(3006000)m/min,即认为是高速切削。另外,从生产实际考虑,高速切削加工概念不仅包含着切削过程的高速,还包含工艺过程的集成和优化,是一个可由此获得良好经济效益的高速度的切削加工,是技术和效益的统一。高速切削技术是在机床结构及材料、机床设计、制造技术、高速主轴系统、快速进给系统、高性能CNC系统、高性能刀夹系统、高性能刀具材料及刀具设计制造技术、高效高精度测量测试技术、高速切削机理、高速切削工艺等诸多相关硬件和软件技术均得到充分发展基础之上综合而成的。因此,高速切削技术是一个复杂的系统工程,是一个随相关技术发展而不断发展的概念。 2、数控高速切削加工的优越性由于切削速度的大幅度提高,高速切削加工技术不仅提高了切削加工的生产率,和常规切削相比还具有一些明显的优越性:第一、切削力小:在高速铣削加工中,采用小切削量、高切削速度的切削形式,使切削力比常规切削降低30%以上,尤其是主轴轴承、刀具、工件受到的径向切削力大幅度减少。既减轻刀具磨损,又有效控制了加工系统的振动,有利于提高加工精度。第二、材料切除率高:采用高速切削,切削速度和进给速度都大幅度提高,相同时间内的材料切除率也相应大大提高。从而大大提高了加工效率。第三、工件热变形小:在高速切削时,大部分的切削热来不及传给工件就被高速流出的切屑带走,因此加工表面的受热时间短,不会由于温升导致热变形,有利于提高表面精度,加工表面的物理力学性能也比普通加工方法要好。第四、加工精度高:高速切削通常进给量也比较小,使加工表面的粗糙度大大降低,同时由于切削力小于常规切削,加工系统的振动降低,加工过程更平稳,因此能获得良好的表明质量,可实现高精度、低粗糙度加工。第五、绿色环保:高速切削时,工件的加工时间缩短,能源和设备的利用率提高了,加工效率高,加工能耗低,同时由于高速切削可以实现干式切削,减少甚至不用切削液,减少污染和能耗。 3、数控高速切削技术的应用领域研究鉴于以上所述高速切削加工的特点,使该技术在传统加工薄弱的领域有着巨大应用潜力。首先,对于薄壁类零件和细长的工件,采用高速切削,切削力显着降低,热量被切屑带走,可以很好的弥补采用传统方法时由于切削力和切削热的影响而造成其变形的问题,大大提高了加工质量。其次,由于切削抗力小,刀具磨损减缓,高锰钢、淬硬钢、奥氏体不锈钢、复合材料、耐磨铸铁等用传统方法难以加工的材料,可以研究采用数控高速切削技术来加工。另外,在汽车、模具、航天航空等制造领域, 一些整体构件需要比较大的材料切除率,由于数控高速切削的进给速度可随切削速度的提高而相应提高, 使得单位时间内的材料切除率大大提高,因而在模具制造、汽车制造、航空航天制造中,数控高速切削技术的应用将产生巨大的经济效益。第四,由于高速切削时,加工过程平稳、振动小,与常规切削相比, 高速切削可显着提高加工精度12级,完全可以取消后续的光整加工, 同时,采用数控高速切削技术, 能够在一台机床上实现对复杂整体结构件同时进行粗、精加工,减少了转工序中可能的定位误差, 因而也有利于提高工件的加工精度。因此, 高速切削技术在精密制造中有着广阔的应用前景。如某企业加工的铝质模具,模具型腔长达1500mm,要求尺寸精度误差0.05mm,表面粗糙度Ra0.8m,原先的制造工艺为:粗刨半精刨精刨手工铲刮手工抛光,制造周期要60小时。采用高速铣床加工后,经过半精加工和精加工,加工周期仅需6小时,不仅效率提高,而且模具质量也大大提高。 4、实现数控高速切削加工的关键技术研究数控高速切削加工是一个复杂的系统工程,涉及到切削机理、切削机床、刀具、切削过程监控及加工工艺等诸多相关的硬件与软件技术,数控高速切削技术的实施和发展,依赖于此系统中的各个组成要素的,这些实现数控高速切削技术离不开的关键技术,具体体现在以下方面: 1)高速切削机理:有关各种材料在高速加工条件下,切屑的形成机理,切削力、切削热的变化规律,刀具磨损规律及对加工表面质量的影响规律,对以上基础理论的实验和研究,将有利于促进高速切削工艺规范的确定和切削用量的选择,为具体零件和材料的加工工艺制定提供理论基础,属于原理技术。目前,黑色金属及难加工材料的高速切削工艺规范和切削用量的确定,是高速切削生产中的难点,也是高速切削加工领域研究的

温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。