上海新世纪高二英语第四单元重点归纳及课后练习.doc

上海新世纪高二英语第四单元重点归纳及课后练习Unit4 Sports around the worldPart1新题型The Olympics are the _ ( important) international competition in terms _ scale, skills, and number of athletes.The games are divided _ two parts-the Summer Games and the Winter Games. The two parts _ (hold) in such a way that there are two years in between but four years before one is repeated.The Olympics were first celebrated in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, and were held every four years _393 AD. Then, they were brought to an end _ the Roman emperor. It was not until the 1890s that the world saw the modern summer games. In 1896 the first modern Summer Olympics were held in Greece _ that was where the tradition started. After that the Olympics would move to _ different city every four years. In 1924, the Winter Olympics were added to the schedule. The Games were to take place in a separate, colder place. The event was cancelled during World War and World War for reasons known to all.(B)Examples of modern Summer Olympic events are track and field events, ball games, diving, gymnastics, swimming. Typical Winter Olympic events are skating and skiing.The Olympic records are the world _. An Olympic gold medal carries as much weight as, or even more than any other gold medal won at other international competitions. The skills and determination demonstrated at the Olympics have come to stand for the peak of human physical strength and will power.It was not until the late twentieth century _ Chinese athletes began to amaze the world with their excellent performance at the Olympics. Coming out number one many times in the Olympic events, Chinese athletes _ (bring) home one gold medal after another in swimming, diving, gymnastics, weight lifting, and _ number of ball games. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the world witnesses Beijing being selected by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the host city for the 2008 Olympics. This has added a brilliant touch _ the picture of modern Chinese sport history.Though once marked _ “the Weaklings of East Asia”, the Chinese have always been looking forward to _ (achieve) the dream of becoming a sports giant. After continuous efforts for years the dream is gradually coming true, and it is understandable _ the Chinese let out cries of joy the night Beijings bid to host the 2008 Olympics was approved!Keys: the most important; of; into; were held; until; by; because; a Ones; that; have brought; a; to; as; achieving; whyPart2 Module 4 Sports around the worldModule 4教材精讲：1. 掌握-ing分词完成式和被动式的用法；2. 掌握本课出现的重要词汇。scale, gymnastics, demonstrate, peak, witness, touch, achieve, giant 3. 掌握本课出现的重要短语。in terms of, every four years, will power, come out number one, one. . . after another, at the turn of, come true4.掌握本课出现的重要句型。It is not until. . .that5.能力要求。按空间顺序来组织段落。语言点详讲：1.-ing分词的完成式的用法-ing分词的完成式用作状语，强调一个动作在另一个动作开始前已经完成，或强调第一个动作持续一段时间后发生第二个动作，也强调两个动作之间有一段间隔。例: Having originally created the environment we live in. plants may be called on once more to save it. -ing分词的完成式用作宾语时，强调它表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前，但有时，也可用分词的一般式代替完成式 例：Jack admitted having broken the window in the class room.=Jack admitted breaking the window in the classroom. 2.-ing分词的被动式的用法 -ing分词的被动式可用作主语或宾语它的逻辑主语是它所表示动作的承受者。 例：I am not used to being treated like that. -ing分词的被动式还可用作定浯、时间状语或原因状语，含有被动、完成两层意思。 例：It is said that the book being written by the famous film star will be published next month.Being examined by the doctor，I felt nervous. 3scale的用法 n. the relative size，extent，etc；a system of grading people or things规模等级 例：The business had to be reduced in scale. 【拓展】 相关词组 on a big/large/small scale大小规模地 out of scale 不合比例 4demonstrate的用法 v to show clearly by giving evidence；to exhibit 表达，显示，示威 例：How did he demonstrate the truth of his theory? (跟宾语) Can you demonstrate that the earth moves around the sun?(跟宾请从句) 【拓展】 词性转换 n demonstration论|正表明表现 5peak的用法 n. the point at which a process o r an activity is the strongest, the most successful or the most fully developed 顶峰最高点高峰期 例：We saw a victory by an athlete at the very peak of her careerDont go there in the peak season(高峰期+旺期)一itll be hot and crowded Traffic is really bad at peal hours. 6witness的用法 v to be present and see sth(an event，an accident etc)take place目击 例：China has witnessed great historic events. n.Ca person who sees an event见证者 例：He was a witness of the accident. 7touch的用法 n a little bit; a detail that is added to something and makes it took or sound stronger or better少许 例：a touch of fevercold有点发烧感冒 。v to feel a part of ones bodyusually with ones hand触摸 例：Dont touch the exhibits. v to be associated or connected with sth 与(某事)有联系或有关系 例：I wouldnt touch anything illegal. V to make(sbsbs feelings)sympathetic or sad 感动 例：The story touched us all. 【拓展】 相关闻组 keep in touch 和保持联系 get in touch with 和取得联系 lose touchout of touch(with) 与失去联系 词性转换 adjtouching令人同情的 8achieve的用法 v to succeed in fulfilling an aim or in making a dream come true 实现，达到，完成 例：achieve successones ambitionones goal 【拓展】 词性转换 n achievement完成，达成成就 9giant的用法 n. an imagined person of great size and strength，esp. one mentioned in ancient or childrens stories；a person or thing 0f great size or importance巨人，大力士,伟人 例：Yao Ming is a giant of the basketball team. a giant pumpkin重要人物 10divide的用法 V. to split something into parts；to go into parts分,分裂 【拓展】 相关词组 divide sthinto把分成 例：Divide the apple in halfinto halves. 11every的用法 every other+单数名词，意思是“每隔一” 例：every other day每隔一天 every other tree每隔一棵树 every+基数词+复数名词或every+序数词+单数名词，意思是“每隔”(较英语数词少一个) 例：every three days, every third day 每隔两天每三天 every two days=every other day每隔一天每两天every few day5 每隔几天 12add的用法 v . to put something together with something else so as to increase the size, number, amount, etc 加，添增加 【拓展】相关词组add A to B把A加到B上add to增加，增添add up把加起来add up to加起来总共词性转换naddition 加adj. additional附加的，另外的13schedule的用法 ntimetable时刻表 vto arrange sthfor a certain time 为某事安排时间 例：Jay Chou was scheduled t0 arrive at three oclock this afternoon.【拓展】 相关词组 be on schedule准时14carry的用法 v to have or possess；to involve；to support the weight of sth 有，含有，使承担 例：She knew that her opinion carried very little weight. (有) This pillar carries the whole roof(承担) The newspaper carries some news(含有) 15weight的用法 n degree of heaviness重，重量 【拓展】 相关词组 grossnet weight毛重净重 be a weight on ones mind 思想上的负担 词性转换 Adj. weighty 重的，沉重的，繁重的 16. amaze的用法 vtto fill sb with great surprise 0r wonder 使某人大为惊讶 例：Your knowledge amazes me. 【拓展】 相关词组 be amazed atby为感到惊讶 例：We were amazed atby the news that David had got married. be amazed to findseehear发现看到听到某事而感到惊讶 词性转换 (1)adjamazing令人惊奇的(通常褒义) 例：It was amazing to hear that David had got married. (2)nUamazement 17turn的用法 n. a road which leads away from the side of another road; a change in something that is happening or being done 转向，转弯，转折点例：we got as far as the cinema，and there we made a right turn.at the turn of the twentyfirst century 在21世纪之初 【拓展】 相关词组 at every turn 事事，处处，常常 by turns轮流 in turn依次按顺序 take a new turn有了新的转折 turn down拒绝 turn out生产结果是 turn up露面18host的用法 na person who receives or entertains one or more other people as guests主人 例：Our host greeted us at the door. the host country=the host nation东道国 Who will be the host of tonights performance?谁是今晚节目的主持人? v to act as a host or hostess作的主持 例：host a TV talkshow主持一场电视脱口秀19dream的用法 have a happy dreamdream a happy dream 作了一 个美梦 dream of,about doing sth 梦想希望得到做某事，做梦想到 例：I dreamed ofabout you last night. dream that 做梦想到常用于否定句中 例：She dreamed that one day she would be famous. 20continuous的用法 adj. going on without stopping or being interrupted 不问断的，连续不停的 例：a continuous flight 【拓展】 比较 continual连续不断的，频繁的，表示时断时续的 例：I hate their continual arguments. 21effort的用法 n努力，尝试 例：It takes times and effort to learn English well. 【拓展】 相关词组 spare no effort(s)to do 不遗余力去做某事make an effort t努力22approve的用法 v. to officially accept a plan，proposal，etc 批准，通过赞成 例：He doesnt approve the policy. I quite approve of your proposal 【拓展】 词性转换 (1)nUapproval批准，认可，赞同 (2)vdisapprove不批准不认可，不赞同23the Olympic Gamesthe Olympics的用法 奥林匹克奥运会 作主语时,谓语常用复数。 例：The Olympic Games are held every four years. 24in terms of的用法 as regards, regarding就而言，从来看 例：A computer is powerful in terms of capacity and speed 【拓展】 相关词组 medical terms医学术语25in between的用法 在中间，在期问每隔 例：two houses and a yard in between 26bring sthto an end的用法 结束 例：The principal brought the meeting f。all end at 6 this afternoon. 【拓展】 相关词组 (1)come to an end结束 例：Everyone hoped that the wa r would come to an end (2)by the end of到为止 例：By the end of last yearwe had learned 2，000words (3)at the end of在的尽头 27It was not untilthat的用法 例：it was not until the 1 890s that the modern Summer Olympic Games resumed. 这是强调句正常的语序是：The modern summer Olympic Games were not resumed until the 1890s 例：It was not until the following week that they found her. until(表示动作、状态的继续)直到为止 例：1 waited until three oclock，but he didnt come. The noise of the street didnt stop until midnight (否定句，常与表示瞬间动作的动词连用) Not until主句部分倒装，从句不倒装 例：Not until that evening was she able to recover her self-control 28Be to do sth的用法 将要计划必须做某事 例：They are to be married next month 29take place的用法 举行，发生(没有被动) 例：They decided that the opening ceremony should take place on Thursday 30for reasons known to all的用法 由于众所周知的原因 例：For reasons known to a11he failed to pass the exam. 31come out number one的用法 得第一 例：She came out number one in the examination. 【拓展】 相关词组 come out显示，表示，露出开始出现，开花 32oneafter another的用法 一个接一个 例：They won one victory after another 33be labeled as的用法 被说成，被称为 例：The phrase is labeled as slang in the dictionary 【拓展】 相关词组 putplacepaste a label on a box贴标签 34100k forward to的用法 anticipate sthwith pleasure盼望期待 例：We are looking forward to her coming. I am looking forward to your birthday party 35come true的用法 兑现，实现 例：His dream of becoming a doctor has come true 361et out的用法 发出(叫声) 例：She let out a cry of pain let sbsthout释放，泄露 例：He was let out of prison yesterday let the air out of my tyre 把我的轮胎里的气放掉 let the newssecret out泄露，透露 They let out cars by the day (出租) He let out his coattrousers(放长，放宽衣服) 37the night的用法 con相当于on the night when，引导时间状语从句后面不需要加when。类似的用法还有： the moment，the minute，the instant，the second 一就 例：He called her the instant he arrived home.活学活用:动词填空： _(not learn) the idioms before, I cannot understand the meaning of these sentences.2动词填空：Diana was upset for _(not invite) to the ball.3动词填空：He couldnt stand _(make)fun of when his wife w as present.4改错：All the essays having written and collected, the teacher sent the pupils home. 5翻译：他们正大规模地准备与伊拉克的战争。6翻译：请示范如何操作那台新机器。7翻译：本世纪见证了上海发生的巨大变化。8 Here is my card. Lets keep in _. A touch B relation C connection D friendship9 Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have _one-year old twins at the head Aisolated BseparatedCdivided Dremoved10翻译：每隔9分钟就有一班车到车站。12翻译：他定于下周一演讲。13翻译：有权力就要承担责任。14翻译：我们对西湖的美感到惊异。（amaze）15.Under the present system, state enterprises must_ all profits to the government.A. turn down B. turn up C. turn out D. turn in16翻译：北京主了2008奥运会。17. Ann never dream of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there to be B. there be a chance C. being a chance D. there being a chance 18. Please stop your _ question.A. continuous B. consistent C. continual D. convincing19. According to the studies conducted recently, those security _ appear to fail to reach the expected goal.A. efforts B. effect C. affect D. afford20 My girlfriend wrote me a desperate letter as she 1earned that there was no way we could be together due to her pa rents_(approve).21翻译：就经济而言这是很糟糕的一年。22翻译：在20世纪末旧的法律停止使用。23翻译：直到我离开了家才明白我以前是多么快乐。24翻译：下周二将举行运动会。25翻译：由于众所周知的原因，David未能入选国家队去参加世界杯赛。26 The rain stopped and the sun _ .A came across B came downC came out D came up27，The Chinese people have been looking forward to_ (host)the OlympicGames for years.28 The mother said she would _her son _ washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper A let，down B let，alone C let，off D let，out29翻译：香港回归祖国的那一天，她儿子出世了。 (the day)课后精练Grammar and Vocabulary 1. Wheres Jack? I think hes still in _bed, but he might just be in _bathroom.A././ B. the. the C. the. ./ D. /.the2. Every officer and every soldier _obey the rules.A. had to B. have to C. has to D. must have to3. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose4. After the war, a new school building was put up _there had once been a theatre.A. that B. where C.