英语万题选(一).docx

英 语 万 题 选 （ 初 二 下 第 一 单 元 部 分）一知识点：life to be+数词，表示活到多少岁。1.用所给词的适当形式填空People will live _ (be) 200 years old in the future.(八下第一单元)二知识点：make ones home+地点,表示把家安在某地。1.单项选择The poor man had to make his _in the hotel for a short time because his_ was burnt. (烧)（八下第一单元）A. Family;house B. home;family C. home;house D.family;home答案：C三知识点：There be 句型 （热点） （适用整个三年） 详解： 1.定义：There be句型是一常见的表示“存在”的句型。该结构不表示“存在”意义的现象又广见于书面语及口语，它以否定句的形式出现，用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。 2.结构：There be + sth + 地点状语There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。 There be + no + n. + in doing sth1.其中名词为表“利弊”、“用途”的抽象名词，如： There is no good in going. 去没有什么好处。 There is no harm in doing that. 那样做并无害处。 2.其中名词为表“价值”、“意义”的抽象名词，如： There is no sense in waiting here. 在这里等候下去毫无意义。 There is no disgrace in failing once. 一旦失败也不丢脸。 （注：此结构中的介词可以省略，如：There is no use asking hershe doesnt know anything.） There is + no + doing something1.其中的动词（do）多为“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词，如：tell, say, know等，其后一般跟疑问句，如when，what等。 There is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。 There is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时回来。 There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。 2.其他动词，其意义相当灵活。 There is no mistaking what ought to be done. 应该做什么是清楚的。 There is no denying the fact. 事实无可否认。 There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不能倒转。 There is no getting along with him. 他很难相处。 Once she starts talking, there is no stopping her. 一旦她打开话匣子，就说个没完。 There is no joking with him. 和他不能开玩笑。 There is + no + Action Noun1.此结构的含义相当于Its impossible /unnecessary to do something。 There is no hurry about it. 没有必要这么急匆匆的。 There is no question of his honesty. 他的诚实是勿庸置疑的。 2.有时，在此结构中的Action Noun被动名词形式所取代，其意义不变。： There is no escape from the evident. There is no escaping the fact. 两句都表示：无法逃（躲）避 但是，有时也存在意义上的区别， A.There is no doubt at all about it. B.There is no doubting her virtue. 句A为“存在句”，意即：对于此事不存在任何的疑问。 句B则是不表“存在”的一种惯用结构，意即：她的贞操勿庸置疑。 3.以上三种结构除用于陈述句外，尚可见于疑问句。如： Is there any use in discussing the matter further? 这种事再讨论下去有何益处？ Is there any hurry about it? 这事需要匆忙吗？ 此惯用结构中的be有时可与情态动词连用，其语气更趋委婉。如： There could be no mistaking where he had come from. 他从哪里来是相当清楚的。 此结构中的no也不是一成不变的，它可被其他形式所取代。如： There isnt any getting away from it. 要从它那里逃脱是不可能的。 There was never believing half of what he said. 他的话连一半也不信。 Theres never any predicting what they will do next. 无法料及他们下一步将会干什么 3. There be结构中的be动词的确定1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如: There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。 2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。（即“就近原则”）如: There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。 There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。 3. 另外,在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提置句首。如: In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。 There be 结构的句型转换否定句there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。如: There are some children in the picture. There arent any children in the picture. 一般疑问句及其答语把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are;否定答语为No, there isnt / arent。如: Are there two cats in the tree? Yes, there are. (No, there arent.) 特殊疑问句及其回答提问句子的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)时,句型一律用what is + 地点介词短语?(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。如: There are some birds in the tree. Whats in the tree? 就there be后面的地点状语进行提问时,句型用where is / are + 主语?如: There is a car in the street. Where is the car? 提问可数名词(主语)前的数量时,用how many,句型结构为how many + 复数名词 + are there + 其它?(主语无论是单数还是复数,be通常要用are)。 相关注意当there be后面的名词时单数或不可数名词时be用is，当后面是可数名词复数时，be用are。 “there be.”句型是存在句的常用基本结构，there在句中处于主语位置，起形式主语的作用，真正的主语是随后的名词词组。其谓语动词通常是be的各种时、体等形式。如： There is ice on the lake. 湖上有冰。 There were three students in the classroom then. 当时教室有三个学生。 There has never been anybody like you. 从来还没有像你这样的人。 There will be snow on high ground.在高地上将会有雪。 除此之外, there be句型还有一些特殊的结构： 1. there + 情态助动词 + be表示 “预见”、“可能”、“必然”或“过去习惯存在”等。如： There might be some desserts if you wait a bit. 如果你等一会儿，可能会有甜点。 There ought to have been someone on duty all the time. 本来应该有人全天值班。 There shall be no more wars. 再也不会打仗了。 也可以用there + 某些半助动词 + be(很少使用完成体形式)，如：be going to, be certain to, be sure to, be likely to, have to be等。 There is going to be a rain. 要下雨了。 Theres likely to be an interview.可能会有一场面试。 There has to be a mistake. 必定有错。 2. 在正式文体中，某些表示存在、发生、出现、坐落等意义的不及物动词也可以与there连用，如：appear, seem, come, remain, exist, live, stand, lie, arise, enter, follow, occur, rise, grow, happen, belong, arrive, fly, flash, sail, pass, run, spring up, emerge等。如： There exist many ancient temples in the country. 那个国家有很多古老的寺庙。 There lies a small village in the mountain.山里有个小村子。 Once upon a time, there lived an old queer man in the city. 从前，城里住着个怪老头。 There remains nothing more to be done. 没有什么别的事可做了。 There followed the first world war. 接着就是第一次世界大战。 There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter.他的头脑中闪过英雄战士的形象。 There sprang up a wild gale.突然刮起一阵狂风。 偶尔也能见到there后接及物动词： There struck me a sudden idea. 突然我有了一个主意。 如果句中的地点状语前移就可以省略there。 如： Behind the house (there) is a small river. 3. there + 不定式to be 或there + being形式，称为非限定存在句，可以作主语、宾语、介词补足成分。 1) 作主语 There being a railway station in the town is a great advantage. 镇上有个火车站，真方便呀！ “there to be+NP”作主语时，通常用for作引导词: For there to be a mistake in a computers arithmetic is impossible. 计算机计算错误是不可能的。 It was seldom for there to be no late comers. 新来者很少没有迟到的。 2) 作宾语 The committee anticipated there being less debate in the second discussion. 委员会期望在第二次讨论中争议能少一些。 We expect there to be no objections. 我们希望不会有人反对。 Id prefer there to be more cooperation. 我希望有更多的合作。 3) 作介词补足成分 介词是for, 用there to be形式；介词不是for，则用there being形式。 Whats the chance of there being an election this year?今年进行选举的可能性有多大？ We have no objection to there being a meeting here. 在这儿举行会议，我们不反对。 Jill is waiting for there to be a big party.吉尔等着举行一次盛大的晚会。 此外，there + being形式还可以用作状语分句，形成独立主格结构： There being no further discussion, the chairman stood up and left the meeting-room.没有可讨论的了，主席站了起来，离开了会议室。 There having been no rain，the stream was dry. 一直没有下雨，小溪都干涸了。 4.句势分辨“there be.”句型的难点在于它的非限定形式, 怎样分辨使用there to be 和there being 呢? 两个要点是关键：它们在句子中的成分及与句子中其他成分的搭配关系。如非限定形式的第2小点中的例句：anticipate与there being搭配，而expect 和prefer与there to be配伍。1.There _ a football game between Italy and Germany tomorrow morning.A. has B. is going to be C. will have D. has been 答案：B知识点四：use的用法 used to do 过去常常（表示现在不再） used to do过去常常，过去曾经；过去常常做某事be used to doing习惯于做某事be used to do 被用于eg.I used to do this rather regularly, particularly with shoplifters, the judge said.“我以前经常这么判决，特别是对那些商店扒手，”法官说。有一点需要补充。在选择题中看到be used to时，应当首先根据句子判断其所要的意思是什么，然后在决定选哪一个另外，当习惯做某事时，由于to是介词，所以要加动名词doing；而be used to do sth.是使用的被动语态，所以后面加动词原型另外，如果强调渐渐适应，还可以用get used to doing sth.1.I _D_ play tennis a lot but I dont play very often now.A.use to B.was used to C.am D.used to play 知识点五：被动语态（热点） （适用整个三年）1. 概述 2. 被动语态各时态构成表概述一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动语态。注意：哪些汉语中没有被的意思，英语却应该用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由by引出，而有用介词by的短语往往又不是被动语态，而是系表结构。还有些特殊现象，如：known to man(人类.所知)，on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot)，in carriage(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同。这两种时态无被动形式。 另外，不及物动词带有同原宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即do did过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态.一定对你有所启示。 当然了，被动语态也可以概括为be done 被动语态各时态构成表 TENSE主动语态被动语态一般现在时be+V.V.samisare+V(p.p)一般将来时willbe going to+V.will be +V(p.p) 现在进行时amisare+V.ingamisare+being+V(p.p)一般过去时waswereV.edwaswere+V(p.p)现在完成时havehas+V.p.phavehas+been+V(p.p)过去完成时had+V.p.phad+been+V(p.p)过去进行时waswere+V.ingwaswere+being+V(p.p)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词+be+V(p.p)被动语态（一般现在时） 主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。 被动语态的口诀： 一般现、过用be +V.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。 完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。 一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。 将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing, 现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。 现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。 否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。 主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。 一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。 复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。 1.一般现在时 isamare+P.P(过去分词) 2.一般过去时 waswere+P.P 3.一般将来时 will be+P.P 4.现在进行时 isamare+being(固定不变)+P.P 5.过去进行时 waswere+being(固定不变)+P.P 6.现在完成时 havehas been+P.P 7.过去完成时 had been+P.P 第二句be有人称、时、数变即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。情助是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。疑问一助置主前是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。 一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变 例：1、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children. 孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。 2、主动：People regard him as brilliant. 被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people. 人们认为他很有才华。 以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以be done就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的be done就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。 被动： This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态) 这篇讲演是王的发言。 There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured. 边境发生非常严重列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。 A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。 A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。 John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。 Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。 The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。 He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。（别人认为他很聪明但不诚实） The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。 Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and children from their parents. 家庭被拆散，妻儿被夺走。 The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。 Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多数环境污染问题的存在，是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。 完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。 (过去完成时had done也包括在内)。 例：1、主动：We have studied English for 3 years and on at the spare-time school. 被动：English has been studied for 3 years by us and on at the spare-time school. (have随新主语变为has) 我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。 2、主动: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year. 被动: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year. 到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。 3、主动：They have set up a power station in their home town. 被动：A power station has been set up in their home town. 他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。 4、主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats. 被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats by them. 他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。 5、主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets. 被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets. 人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。 6、主动：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity. 被动：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity by us. 核能已被我们用来发电。 7、主动：No one has ever beaten him at tennis. 被动：He has never been beaten at tennis. 就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。 (No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲) The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired. 有枪的人会极力否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪烟(枪冒的烟)的人都会知道刚才开了枪。 Today is Cilias wedding day, she has just been married to Bob. 今天是西丽亚的新婚日，她刚刚和鲍勃结婚。 The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee. 演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。 过去完成时也是一样： 主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes. 被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody. 有人已把我的鞋子擦了。 主动：When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that it was because I had parked it under a No Parking Sign. 被动：My car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that . it had been parked under a No Parking Sign. 当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为什么这么干。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在禁止停车的禁区。 主动：They had build three ships by last December. 被动：By last December three ships had been built by them. 到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。 Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created. 合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。 He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined. 他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。 After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials. 塑料发明之后，工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。 一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done 即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。 例：主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. 被动：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year. 过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。 (shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.) 主动：I shall send my second boy to school next September. 被动：My second boy will be sent to school next September. 过年九月我将送我次子去读书。 主动：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the lead brick with gold. 被动：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the lead brick with gold by cheaps and swindlers. 铅砖外面被设法骗钱的商人和骗子们镀上一层金来做这样的金砖。 主动：They will ask you a lot of strange questions. 被动: You will be asked a lot of strange questions by them. 他们将问你许多怪题。 被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。 主动：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future. 被动：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people. 中国人民在将来将进行更多的空间探索。 同样 After a period of use, the batteries should be changed. 电池使用一段时间后，应该更换。 Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the day time. 通常是昼夜供电，明天白天将停电。 More peaceful uses will be found for nuclear explosives in the future. 在将来会发现更多的和平利用核爆炸的途径。 More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. 从现在起要使这些奇迹在短时间内成为现实还需要做更多的艰苦工作。 e true 使成为事实; come true做宾补(见感使动词口诀)。 The machine will not be used again. 这机器不能再用了。 Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤气吗? 但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢？请记下面口诀： 一般过去将来时，过去某时将发生。 主动should (would) do，被动be done代原形。 将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同。 主动：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time. 被动：.whether the new plan would be carried out ahead of time. 几天前，我们还不能肯定能否提前执行新的计划。 主动：I did not say that we would change the equipment. 被动：I did not say that the equipment would be changed. 我并没说过，我们将换掉那台设备。 主动：My supervisor told me that he would give me a special tutorial a few days ago. 被动：My supervisor told me that a special tutorial would be given to me a few days ago. 几天前，我的导师说他将对我进行个别辅导。 主动: I never thought that be would bring me the information so early. 被动：I never thought that the information would be brought to me so early. 我决没想到他那么早就会把资料带给我。 将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing, 现在完成进行同have (has) been doing, 即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行现在完成进行时表示某-行为发生在过去延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。 例；We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (将来进行时) 我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。 In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (将来进行时) 几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。 We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power. 我们希望科学家们将发掘新的能源来满足能量的需要。(将来进行时) What will you be doing this evening? 今晚你将做什么?（将来进行时) I have been living in Anshan Since 1980(现在完成进行时) 1980年以来，我一直住在鞍山。 How long have you been studying English? 你学英语多久了?(现在完成进行时) We have been waiting at the airport for the because of the thick fog. 由于大雾，我们已经在机场等了一整天了。 (现在完成进行时) Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronony. 从那时以来，应用数学家成功地处理了许多天文学上的问题。 (现在完成进行时)以上均无被动态。 现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done 即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则是be加上being done的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。例如： 主动：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute. 被动：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers. 工人们正在维修东北工学院主楼。 Two reservoirs are being built at the same time. 两座水库同时建造。 The nasty question is being considered by the committee members. 委员会的委员们正在考虑那个棘手的问题. Equipment and foodstuffs are being flown to the floodstricken areas. 设备和食品正在空运到灾区。 The buildong of another fly-over is being planned. 他们在计划修建另一座跨线桥。 We coudld not get through because the February 19th Road was being repaired. 我们过不去，因二.一九路正维修呢。 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。 带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化，这些词如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如： 主动: We must keep this in mind. 被动：This must be kept in mind. 我们必须把这个记在心里。 主动：We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.) 被动：The refrigerator can be put in that place. 我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。 主动：We shall not use the washing machine again. 被动：The washing machine will not be used again. 我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。 原来的谓语shall use被动态中随新主语变为will 主动: We shall take more measures to prevent co