工艺规程设计以及典型的加工工序的夹具设计。本文对一个常规工艺设计及的步骤做了详细阐述。在此基础上对零件加工要求进行分析，最终确定毛坯的材料，选择定位基准，并留出适当的加工余量。综合上述分析可以制定出零件加工工艺路线中的具体参数进行计算，例如基本的切削用量的计算，并根据计算结果选择机床，验算机床功率，此外，计算加工过程中的机动时间和辅助时间也是必不可少的。

机械加工工艺过程，是指用机械加工方法逐步改变毛坯形态（形状、尺寸和表面质量），使之成为合格零件所进行的全部过程。

机械加工工艺过程包括结构工艺性分析、毛坯的选择、基准的选择、加工余量的确定、工艺路线的拟定、工序尺寸及公差的确定和加工设备的选择等。工艺路线是连接产品设计和制造的纽带，它是一项经验性强、技巧性高、涉及多方面的知识和信息的工作，因此工艺路线设计极其复杂，其中，加工顺序的先后、热处理的安排和工序的集中还是工序的集中与分散是工艺人员在拟定工艺路线时的原则性问题。

为了提高劳动生产率，保证加工质量和改善劳动条件，需要设计专用的夹具。在夹具设计中，不仅要追求其其结构的合理性，更重要的是核算其加工精度的准确性。影响工件加工精度的因素很多，且种类复杂。本夹具的设计是完成定位设计、夹紧设计等，以及如何将这些机构装配起来形成一个整体装配过程。结构方案确定以后，绘制了主要的零件图装配图。

关键词：加工工艺；切削用量；工艺计算；夹具设计。

Abstract

This design mainly includes two aspects of content, namely the intake pipe processing process planning and typical processing process of fixture design. In this paper a conventional process design and steps to do a detailed description. On the basis of the parts processing requirements analysis, with a final determination of blank materials, choose the locating datum, and set aside the proper machining allowance. A combination of the analysis can work out the parts processing process route in the specific parameters calculation, such as basic of cutting parameter calculation, and according to the calculated results choose machine tool, the checking machine power, in addition, the calculation process, mobile time and auxiliary time is also essential.

Mechanical processing, it is to point to by machining methods gradually change the blank form (shape, size and surface quality), make it become the qualified the process all parts.

Mechanical processing process including structure analysis technology, the choice of blank, the choice of machining allowance benchmark, the determination, process route of the recommended, and the determination of the procedure sizes tolerance and processing equipment choice, etc. Process line is the connection product design and the manufacture of the link, it is a critical skill, high, strong a wide range of knowledge and information work, so process route design is extremely complex, among them, the processing order has the arrangement and working procedure, heat treatment process of concentration or centralized and decentralized is in planning process engineering process route of principle problem.

In order to improve labor productivity, guarantee the processing quality and improve working conditions, and need to design a special fixture. The fixture design, we not only need to pursue the rationality of the structure, more important is the accuracy of accounting the machining accuracy. The influence the machining accuracy of many factors, and species complex. This fixture design is complete orientation design, clamping design, and how these institutions together to form a whole assembly process. Structure plan later, rendering the main parts drawing assembly drawing.

Key words: process, the cutting dosages, process calculation, fixture design.

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1 本课题研究的内容及意义1

1.2 国内外发展情况1

1.3本课题应达到的要求2

2 零件的分析3

2.1 零件的功用3

2.2 零件的工艺分析3

3 零件工艺规程设计5

3.1 确定零件生产类型5

3.2 材料的选择5

3.3 确定零件毛坯的制造形式5

3.4 拟定零件的机械加工工艺路线5

3.4.1 定位基准的选择5

3.4.2 零件表面加工方法的选择6

3.4.3 零件各表面加工顺序的确定6

3.4.4 工序的组合6

3.5 工序设计7

3.6工艺计算8

3.6.1 铣后表面8

3.6.2 钻后表面上的孔10

3.6.3 铣前表面12

3.6.4 钻前表面上的孔13

3.6.5 铣上表面14

3.6.6 钻上表面的孔15

3.6.7 铣凸台面17

3.6.8 铣左表面17

3.6.9 钻左表面上的孔18

4 夹具设计20

4.1 夹具设计概述20

4.2 机床夹具的分类20

4.3 机床夹具的基本组成20

4.4 夹具设计20

4.4.1 铣后表面夹具设计23

4.4.2 铣前表面夹具设计23

4.4.3 钻后表面孔夹具设计24

4.5 夹具装配图上的标注及技术要求25

4.6 定位误差的分析与计算26

4.6.1 定位误差的分析26

4.6.2 定位误差的计算27

4.7 夹紧力的的分析与计算29

5 结论与展望31

5.1 结论31

5.2 不足之处及未来的展望31

致谢31

参考文献33

1 绪论

1.1 本课题研究的内容及意义

本课题研究的内容是：工艺过程的重要性；云内内燃机进气管的机械加工工艺规程的编制，包括工艺路线设计、工艺设计、编制工艺规程文件；系列夹具设计。

工艺是机械产品设计、制造过程中的重要组成部分，工艺设计的好坏直接影响产品的最终制造质量和整个生产系统的优化状况。

在国民经济的各个领域，各个行业中广泛使用者大量的机床、机器、仪器及工具等，这些工艺装备都是有机械制造行业提供的。机械制造业的主要任务就是围绕各种材料的加工要求，研究其加工工艺并设计和制造各种工艺装备，机械制造工业是国民经济各部门的装备部，它不仅为传统产业提供了现代化的设备，同时也是计算机、通信等新兴产业的基础。

机械制造业的兴衰直接影响和制约了工业、农业、交通、航天、信息和国防各部门的生产技术水平，进而影响着一个国家的综合生产实力。

全部文件.gif

工序卡部分.gif

零件图.gif

毛坯图.gif

铣后表面夹具装配.gif

钻后表面夹具装配.gif

铣前平面夹具装配.gif

内容简介：: 共12页第10页车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称万能铣床准终单件机动辅助10 375 47.1 1.2 3 1 0.17 0.03标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期会签（日期）主轴转速（转/分）切削速度（转/分）走刀量（毫米/转）吃刀深度（毫米）编制（日期）审核（日期）走刀次数铣凸台30 0.5铣凸台工时定额工序工时冷却液每台件数材料牌号11设备型号100XA6132同时加工件数铣554.84138194.15 1每坯件数ZL105工序名称夹具编号夹具名称工步内容毛坯外形尺寸设备编号无锡太湖学院机械加工工序卡片工序号工序号工艺内容产品型号产品类型零（部）件图号零（部）件名称nts共12页第11页车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称加工中心准终单件机动辅助10 500 15.7 0.42 5 1 0.1 0.018标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期切削速度（米/分）走刀量（毫米/转）吃刀深度（毫米）编制（日期）审核（日期）走刀次数钻孔1个 10 0.1会签（日期）工艺内容120Z3040主轴转速（转/分）1设备型号设备编号钻1个 10孔工步内容钻左端面 10孔夹具装配图JQG03-00每坯件数毛坯外形尺寸554.84138194.15 1夹具编号夹具名称每台件数产品型号产品类型零（部）件图号零（部）件名称工序号材料牌号工序名称钻孔工序号ZL1051无锡太湖学院机械加工工序卡片工时定额工序工时冷却液同时加工件数nts共12页第12页车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称准终单件机动辅助10标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期产品型号产品类型零（部）件图号零（部）件名称无锡太湖学院机械加工工序卡片每台件数材料牌号ZL1051攻螺纹1工序工时冷却液同时加工件数1工序号工序号工艺内容攻螺纹554.84138194.15每坯件数毛坯外形尺寸攻螺纹1*M10-7H工序名称夹具编号夹具名称工步内容设备型号130设备编号会签（日期）工时定额主轴转速（转/分）切削速度（米/分）走刀量（毫米/转）吃刀深度（毫米）编制（日期）审核（日期）走刀次数nts1020标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字无锡太湖学院机械加工工序卡片工步内容产品型号产品类型工序号工艺内容粗铣平面精铣平面粗铣后表面30.5 0.5精铣后表面30 0.1nts共12页第1页车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称万能铣床准终单件机动辅助118 59.28 1.28 5 1 4.42 0.8150 75.36 1.28 1 1 4.03 0.73日期工序工时冷却液同时加工件数工序名称走刀次数铣 ZL105材料牌号工时定额零（部）件图号零（部）件名称工序号铣后表面夹具装配图554.84 138 194.15 130XA61321每坯件数毛坯外形尺寸每台件数会签（日期）主轴转速（转/分）切削速度（米/分）走刀量（毫米/转）吃刀深度（毫米）编制（日期）审核（日期）1JQG01-00设备型号设备编号夹具编号夹具名称nts车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称加工中心10 35020 630标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期主轴转速（转/分）钻孔 9钻孔 80.5工艺内容钻孔钻孔工序号工步内容夹具编号无锡太湖学院产品型号产品类型机械加工工序卡片nts共12页第2页准终单件机动辅助12.09 0.42 11 1 0.16 0.0315.83 0.42 4 1 0.08 0.014审核（日期）设备型号会签（日期）切削速度（米/分）走刀量（毫米/转）吃刀深度（毫米）编制（日期）ZL105554.84 138 194.15 1 1每坯件数工序号40材料牌号走刀次数钻孔工序名称每台件数ZH7640设备编号夹具编号夹具名称毛坯外形尺寸1工时定额工序工时冷却液零（部）件图号零（部）件名称同时加工件数nts车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称丝锥标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期工序号工步内容产品型号产品类型工艺内容无锡太湖学院机械加工工序卡片手工攻螺纹攻螺纹3*M8-7H主轴转速（转/分）夹具编号nts共12页第3页准终单件走刀次数机动辅助每台件数材料牌号工时定额工序工时冷却液同时加工件数1工序名称毛坯外形尺寸攻螺纹切削速度（米/分）走刀量（毫米/转）吃刀深度（毫米）编制（日期）审核（日期）会签（日期）零（部）件图号零（部）件名称工序号45 ZL105554.84 138 194.15 1设备型号设备编号夹具编号夹具名称1每坯件数nts车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称万能铣床10 23520 300标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期主轴转速（转/分）粗铣前表面26.5 0.5精铣前表面26 0.1精铣平面夹具编号工步内容工序号工艺内容粗铣平面产品型号产品类型无锡太湖学院机械加工工序卡片nts共12页第4页准终单件机动辅助59.03 0.8 3 1 2.34 0.4275.36 0.8 1 1 1.83 0.33工时定额切削速度（米/分）走刀量（毫米/转）吃刀深度（毫米）编制（日期）审核（日期）走刀次数会签（日期）50XA6132工序名称夹具编号夹具名称设备型号设备编号1工序号554.84138194.15每坯件数毛坯外形尺寸每台件数材料牌号ZL1051铣1工序工时冷却液同时加工件数零（部）件图号零（部）件名称nts车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称加工中心10 500 15.7标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期切削速度（米/分）编制（日期）钻8个 9孔60ZA7640钻孔工步内容工艺内容主轴转速（转/分）设备型号554.84138194.15夹具编号JQG02-00毛坯外形尺寸工序号产品型号产品类型零（部）件图号零（部）件名称工序号无锡太湖学院机械加工工序卡片nts共12页第5页准终单件机动辅助0.42 5 1 0.1 0.018走刀量（毫米/转）吃刀深度（毫米）编制（日期）审核（日期）走刀次数会签（日期）60ZA7640每台件数每坯件数1设备型号设备编号554.84138194.15 1夹具名称铣前表面夹具装配图毛坯外形尺寸钻孔工序号材料牌号工序名称零（部）件图号零（部）件名称ZL1051工时定额工序工时冷却液同时加工件数nts共12页第6页车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称准终单件机动辅助10标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期机械加工工序卡片工时定额工序工时冷却液同时加工件数每台件数材料牌号工序号产品型号产品类型零（部）件图号零（部）件名称工序名称夹具编号夹具名称主轴转速（转/分）切削速度（米/分）走刀量（毫米/转）工步内容554.84138194.15 1每坯件数毛坯外形尺寸无锡太湖学院吃刀深度（毫米）工序号手工攻螺纹工艺内容ZL1051攻螺纹1设备型号设备编号会签（日期）编制（日期）审核（日期）走刀次数攻螺纹M8-7H65nts共12页第7页车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称万能铣床准终单件机动辅助10 118 59.28 1.28 3 1 3.09 0.56标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期会签（日期）主轴转速（转/分）切削速度（米/分）走刀量（毫米/转）吃刀深度（毫米）编制（日期）审核（日期）走刀次数70XA6132铣平面工步内容每坯件数毛坯外形尺寸1设备型号设备编号铣554.84138194.15 1夹具编号夹具名称铣上表面122.5 0.5工序号工艺内容ZL1051产品型号产品类型零（部）件图号零（部）件名称工序名称无锡太湖学院机械加工工序卡片工时定额工序工时冷却液同时加工件数每台件数材料牌号工序号nts共13页第8页车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称加工中心准终单件机动辅助10 500 15.7 0.42 5 1 0.1 0.018标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期无锡太湖学院机械加工工序卡片工时定额工序工时冷却液同时加工件数每台件数材料牌号工序号工序号工艺内容ZL1051产品型号产品类型零（部）件图号零（部）件名称工序名称夹具编号夹具名称每坯件数毛坯外形尺寸554.84138194.15 1钻孔钻1 个 10孔工步内容1设备型号设备编号80ZA7640会签（日期）主轴转速（转/分）切削速度（米/分）走刀量（毫米/转）吃刀深度（毫米）编制（日期）审核（日期）走刀次数钻孔 10 0.1nts共12页第9页车间毛坯种类铸件设备名称准终单件机动辅助10标记处数更改文件号签字日期标记处数更改文件号签字日期工序号ZL1051无锡太湖学院机械加工工序卡片工时定额工序工时冷却液同时加工件数工序号材料牌号工序名称产品型号产品类型零（部）件图号零（部）件名称夹具编号夹具名称毛坯外形尺寸攻螺纹1设备型号设备编号554.84138194.15 1手工攻螺纹工步内容攻螺纹4*M10-7H90每台件数每坯件数会签（日期）主轴转速（转/分）切削速度（米/分）走刀量（毫米/转）吃刀深度（毫米）编制（日期）审核（日期）走刀次数工艺内容nts产品型号产品名称10 铸造20 人工处理30 铣平面 XA6132万能铣床40 钻孔 ZH7640加工中心45 攻螺纹丝锥50 铣平面 XA6132万能铣床60 钻孔 ZH7640加工中心70 铣平面 XA6132万能铣床80 钻孔 ZH7640加工中心90 攻螺纹丝锥100 铣凸台 XA6132万能铣床120 钻孔 Z3040130 攻螺纹丝锥140150160设备工序号工序名称工序内容车间工段钻1个 10的孔，保证粗糙度Ra6.3和尺寸精度的要求检验，气密性试验专用夹具、 8的钻头专用夹具、立铣刀人工处理，去毛刺包装入库零（部）件名称每毛坯件数云内内燃机进气管专用夹具、 8和 9的钻头专用夹具、立铣刀毛坯外形尺寸 554.84 138194.15专用夹具专用夹具、 10的钻头专用夹具、立铣刀专用夹具、 8的钻头铸件简单的人工处理，去除铸造留下多余的部分攻螺纹M8-7H铣后表面，重要表面，先粗铣，后精铣，表面粗糙度达到Ra6.3的要求，以及平面度为0.15的要求钻3个 8的孔，保证对于基准的位移度要求铣前表面，先粗铣，后精铣，使表面粗糙度达到Ra6.3的要求攻螺纹M10-6H铸造毛坯（无锡太湖学院）材料牌号 ZL105机械加工工艺过程卡片毛坯种类专用夹具钻8个 9的孔和 1个 8的孔 ,保证尺寸精度、位移度的要求，攻螺纹 M8-6H铣上表面,达到表面粗糙度Ra12.5的要求钻2个 8的孔，保证粗糙度达到Ra6.3以及位移度0.4的要求攻螺纹M8-6H铣凸台表面专用夹具专用夹具、立铣刀工艺装备零（部）件图号nts第1页共1页准终单件专用夹具、 8的钻头专用夹具、立铣刀零（部）件名称每毛坯件数专用夹具、 8和 9的钻头专用夹具、立铣刀专用夹具专用夹具、 10的钻头专用夹具、立铣刀专用夹具、 8的钻头专用夹具专用夹具专用夹具、立铣刀进气管工时备注工艺装备1每台件数1零（部）件图号nts编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：内燃机进气管（云内）工艺规程设计及系列夹具设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923093 学生姓名：曹兴安指导教师：张大骏（职称：高级工程师）（职称：） 2013年 5月 25日 nts nts 目录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生 “毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表 ” 四、实习鉴定表 nts nts无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：内燃机进气管（云内）工艺规程设计及系列夹具设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号： 0923093 学生姓名：曹兴安指导教师：张大骏（职称：高级工程师）（职称：） 2012年 11月 25日 nts nts 课题来源本课题是云南内燃机柴油机厂委托无锡市宏业机械配件厂加工的柴油机零件，此种发动机在载重汽车及客车上广泛使用。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等） 1、工艺是机械产品设计制造过程中十分重要的一个环节，其水平与质量直接影响到产品的最终制造质量及成本运行。 2、加工技术正向高度信息化、自动化、智能化的方向发展，各种现代的加工方法也不断地创造和完善，如快速成型技术、激光加工、电加工和射流加工等已相当广泛的应用到加工中去，而这些使工艺设计也带来巨大的进步。 3、作为机械专业的本科毕业生采用此类课题可以培养学生认识机械加工生产准备工作是怎样一个过程，可以受到理论与实践相结合的锻炼。研究内容 1、机械加工工艺规程的编制，结合具体工厂的条件和发展前景进行考虑。 2、同样结合具体工厂的现有生产条件和发展前景设计专用（不少于三付） nts拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析采用组织分析零件的具体结构，加工精度要求，表面粗糙度要求，制定出初步的加工方案，然后组织学生下工厂参观、实习、实地了解工厂出现的生产条件，发展展望及具体的生产水平。然后在此基础上编制工艺规程，填写工艺文件，设计专用夹具，待初步完成后，再回工厂征集意见，加以改进，定稿。研究计划及预期成果研究计划： 2012 年 11 月 15 日 -2012 年 12 月 25 日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。 2013 年 2 月 15 日 -2013 年 2 月 28 日：填写毕业实习报告。 2013 年 3 月 1 日 -2013 年 3 月 10 日：按照要求修改毕业设计开题报告。 2013 年 3 月 11 日 -2013 年 3 月 15 日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。 2013 年 3 月 22 日 -2013 年 4 月 23 日：工艺规程设计和工艺过程卡、工序卡设计。 2013 年 4 月 24 日 -2013 年 5 月 5 日：工艺计算和夹具设计。 2013 年 5 月 15 日 -2013 年 5 月 25 日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。预期成果：工艺规程、工艺卡片、工序卡片夹具总图及主要的零件图设计说明书特色或创新之处工艺规程可以适用于一般中小型工厂的普通通用机床，也能改进后用于专用机床，或加工中心，适用于范围较广。 nts已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题现有云南内燃机机器的生产图样，委托加工工厂的现有生产条件及技术状况，特别是已有的生产经验。目前缺少设计手册、资料等，对检测条件也不够清楚其它资料也缺乏。指导教师意见指导教师签名： 2012 年 11 月 26 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年月日系意见主管领导签名：年月日 nts nts英文原文 Influence factors on the quality of the workplace surface Processing process on the surface quality of the influence The vibration of the process system of the influence on the quality of the surface In mechanical processing process technology system sometimes occur vibration, that is, in the cutting edge tool and workplace is cutting surface except on the name between cutting motion, but also can appear a cyclical relative motion. Vibration that process system by forming movement of the interference and damage, make processing surface appear chatter marks, increases the surface roughness value, worsening processing surface quality. Cutter geometrical parameters, materials and cutting quality to the surface quality of the influence The cutting tool geometric parameters on the surface roughness of the biggest influence is vice PianJiao, the main point PianJiao, arc radius. Under certain conditions, reduce PianJiao, Lord, vice PianJiao point arc radius can reduce surface roughness. Under the same conditions, carbide cutting tools process of surface roughness value less than high speed steel paper cutting knife, and diamond and CBN) tools and better than hard alloy, but because the diamond and iron family affinity materials, it should not be used for processing iron family materials. In addition, the cutting tool before and after the face, cutting knife blade itself directly influence the roughness of the processing the roughness of the surface, therefore, improve the quality of cutting tool, cutting tool and face, cutting knife blade roughness value should be lower than the roughness of the 1 2 levels. Cutting fluid to the influence on the quality of the surface Cutting fluid cooling and lubrication effect can reduce the cutting process of interface friction, reduce the temperature of cutting zone, the cutting metal surface layer of plastic deformation degree down, restrain the develop the thorn and scales produced in the production of different materials for reasonable choice of cutting fluids can reduce the surface roughness. The workplace material on the surface quality of the influence The workplace material nature; Processing plastic materials, the cutting tools for metal extrusion produced plastic deformation, and the cutting tool and workplace forced separation of the torn scraps effect, make the surface roughness value increase. The workplace material tenacity the better, metal, plastic deformation, the bigger the processing surface is the more the rough. Processing brittle material in the chip broken granular, due to the collapse in broken and endows the machined surface left many pitted surface roughness. General toughness large plastic materials, processing after large surface roughness, and toughness of smaller plastic materials, processing to get smaller after the surface roughness. For the same kind of material, the greater the grain size of the organization, the larger the surface roughness. Therefore, in order to reduce the surface roughness, often in cutting processing of material before quenching and tempering or is the fire of treatment to obtain homogeneous fine grain organization and high hardness. ntsCutting condition the influence on the quality of the surface And cutting condition of the relevant process factors, including cutting dosages, cooling lubrication. In low speed processing plastic materials, easy to produce the develop and scales thorn, so, improve the cutting speed, can reduce the develop and scales thorn, decreasing part already the surface roughness value; For brittle material, general wont form the develop and scales thorn, so, cutting speed on the surface roughness basically no influence. The increase speed, plastic deformation also increases, the surface roughness increases, so, reduce the speed can reduce the surface roughness value, however, feeding reduced to certain value, roughness wont obviously decreased. Normal cutting conditions, cutting depth on the surface roughness the impact is not big, therefore, mechanical process cannot select the too small cutting depth. Cutting speed on the surface roughness influence General at the early choose low speed cutting and finishing choose high speed cutting can reduce the surface roughness. In the medium speed cutting plastic materials, due to easy to produce the develop, and plastic deformation is bigger, so after processing parts surface roughness is bigger. Usually by low or high speed cutting plastic material, can effectively avoid the develop of generation, this to reduce table and roughness have positive role. On the surface quality of the grinding effects The influence of the grinding wheel grinding wheel granularity the thinner, per unit area grain number grinding, the more of the grinding surface in fine scratches the surface roughness is small; But if too fine granularity, processing to jam wheel it will increase the surface roughness, also easy to produce the ripple and cause burns. The hardness of the grinding wheel should be the right size, its half the longer the better passivation period; The hardness of the grinding wheel is too high, grinding mill is not easy to fall off when grain, make processing surface is of friction, extrusion action intensifies, thus increasing the plastic deformation, making the surface roughness increases, also easy cause burns; But the grinding wheel is too soft, grits too easy to fall off, can make grinding action is reduced, leading to the surface roughness increases, so to select the right grinding wheel hardness. Grinding wheel dressing the higher the quality, the surface of the grinding wheel cutting the blade, cutting the number of all the more the better of the blade contour sex, grinding surface roughness and smaller. The influence of the grinding wheel speed increase dosage, unit time through the processing of grinding surface grain number increase, each star grits is ground to reduce thickness of the metal, the surface area of the residual reduced; And at the same time, improve the grinding wheel speed can also reduce the workplace material of plastic deformation, these can make processing surface roughness value reduced. Reduce the speed, unit time through the processing of grinding surface grain number increase, the surface roughness decreased; But the low speed, workplace and grinding wheel contact time long, to the quantity of heat of the increasing, opposite will increase the roughness, may also increase surface burn. Increase grinding depth and longitudinal feeding, the plastic deformation increase, will lead to the surface roughness value increase. Radial feeding increase, the grinding process grinding force and grinding temperature will increase, grinding surface plastic deformation degree increase, which will increase the surface roughness. To ntsguarantee the machining quality in the premise of grinding efficiency increase, will require a higher surface the coarse grinding and fine grinding separately, coarse grinding is used when the big radial direction feeding, fine grinding the radial feeding the smaller when, finally without into to grinding, to get the surface roughness of surface is very small. The workplace material the workplace material of hardness, plastic and thermal conductivity on the surface roughness of big effect. Large plastic soft material easy jam grinding wheel, thermal conductivity poor heat resistant alloy easy for the abrasive early caving, will lead to increased grinding surface roughness. In addition, because grinding to the high temperature, reasonable use cutting fluids can reduce the grinding of temperature, reduce burns, can also rushed to fall off the grits and scraps, avoid scratch workplace, so as to reduce the surface roughness. Affect the surface of physical and mechanical properties of factors Surface layer cold hardening. The cutting edges obtuse radius increased, and the surface of metal the extrusion of enhanced, plastic deformation intensifies, cold hard to strengthen. After cutting tool knife surface wear increases, the knife surface and after processed surface friction intensified, plastic deformation increase, cold hard to strengthen. Cutting speed increase, cutting tool and workplace role time is shortened, make plastic deformation expand the depth decreases, and cold hard layer depth decreases. After cutting speed increase, heat cutting in the surface layer effect time also shortened, will make cold hard degree increase. Feeding increases, cutting force also increased, and the surface of the metal plastic deformation intensifies, cold hard effect is strengthening. The workplace material of plastic is larger and the cold hard phenomenon the serious. Surface layer material metallographic composition change. When cutting the heat was processing surface temperature of phase change after more than temperature, the surface of the metal microstructure will change. Grinding burns when a surface temperature of phase change to millers temperature above, metal surface microstructure occurred change, make the surface of the metal strength and hardness of the lower, and with residual stress produce appear even microscopic cracks, this phenomenon is called grinding burns. Improve grinding burns grinding heat caused by grinding way is the root of the burn, so improving grinding burns by two ways: one is as far as possible to reduce the generation of grinding heat; 2 it is improved cooling condition, make as far as possible the quantity of heat to produce less workplace. The correct choice grinding wheel reasonable choice of cutting dosages improved cooling conditions. Surface layer residual stress. Produce residual stress of reason: cutting in processing the metal layer and the surface when there were plastic deformation occurs, the surface of the metal to hematocrit increase; Cutting processing, cutting area will have a lot of heat cutting produce; Different analysis of metallographic organization has different density, also have different olume is necessarily affected by the change of connected the matrix of the metal bar, hence residual stress produce. The main work surface eventually process to the choice of methods. Choose the main parts work surface eventually process method, we must consider the main parts of the specific work surface working conditions and the possible damage to the form. In alternating load, ntsthe machine parts on the surface of the local micro cracks, because of tensile stress of action to make primary crack expanding, resulting in parts fracture. Improve parts from the view point of fatigue damage resistance, the final process should choose the surface in the surface produces residual stress processing method. In the machining process, tools on the squash and friction make metal materials happen plastic deformation, cause the original residue area of distortion or groove lines deepened, increases the surface roughness. When the medium or medium low cutting speed cutting plastic material, the surface before the sword in easy to form a high hardness of the devolop, it can take the place of the cutting tool, but state very unstable, the develop generation, grow up and fall off will seriously affect the machined surface roughness value. In addition, in cutting process due to the strong scraps and former knife friction role and tear phenomenon, but also in processing on the surface may produce scale thorn, make processing surface roughness increases. Grinding surface layer analysis of metallographic organization changes and grinding burns Mechanical processing produces in the process of heat cutting processing surface of workplace will make the rise of temperature of the violently, when the temperature more than the workplace material metallographic organization changes of the critical temperature, metallographic organization change will occur. In grinding processing, because most grits before cutting Angle is negative, grinding temperature is high, the quantity of heat of generation is much higher than cutting calories at, and grinding heat have 60 to 80% to the workplace, so very prone to the change of metallographic organization, makes the metal surface hardness and strength of decline, produce residual stress and even cause microcracks, this phenomenon is called grinding burns. Produce grinding burns, processing surface often appear yellow, brown, purple, green and burn color, this is grinding surface oxidation of high temperature in instantaneous film under color. Different burns color, shows that the surface of different levels by burns. Grinding hardened steel, workplace surface layer due to the role of the instantaneous heat, it may produce the following three metallographic organization changes: If grinding surface layer temperature not over phase transition temperature, but more than martensite transition temperature, then martensite will change to become low hardness of tempering methods, and meanwhile body or body, this call tempering burns. If grinding surface layer temperature more than phase transition temperatures, the martensite transformation for austenitic, at this time without cutting fluids, the grinding surface hardness fell sharply, surface was annealing, this phenomenon is called annealing burns. When dry grinding is easy to produce this kind of phenomenon. If grinding surface layer temperature more than phase transition temperature, but have the full cutting fluid on the cooling, the grinding surface layer will be urgent cold forming secondary hardened martensitic, hardness than tempering martensite high, but the surface layer is very thin, and only a few microns thick, under which the low hardness for tempering saxhlet body and saxhlet body, make the surface layer general hardness still reduce, called quenching burns. Grinding burns improvement measure Influence factors of grinding burns is grinding dosage, grinding wheel, the workpiece ntsmaterial and cooling conditions. Because grinding heat caused by grinding burns is the root cause of, because this wants to avoid grinding burns, should as far as possible to reduce the heat generated when grinding and decrease as far as possible to the quantity of heat of workplace. Specific can adopt the following measures: Choosing grinding reasonable dosage cannot use the too big grinding depth, because when grinding depth increases, the plastic deformation is increased, the surface layer and the temperature will increase, burns will also increase; The speed increase, a surface temperature will increase grinding zone, but due to the hot action time reduced, so can reduce the burn. The workplace material the workplace material grinding zone of the influence of the temperature of depends primarily on its hardness and strength, toughness and thermal conductivity. The workplace material hardness, the higher the strength, toughness, the bigger the grinding work when the more consumption, the quantity of heat that produced the more, the easy generation burns; Thermal conductivity of poor material, also easy to appear in the grinding burns. The choice of high hardness of the grinding wheel grinding wheel, passivated grits is not easy to fall off, easy to produce burns, so with soft grinding wheel is better; Choose coarse granularity grinding wheel grinding, not easily by grinding wheel grinding jams, can reduce burned; Combine agent of grinding burns also has a great influence, resin combination agent than ceramic combination agent easy to produce burns, rubber binder than resin binder are more likely to have burned. Cooling conditions for reduction in grinding of temperature, widely used in this cutting li

温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。