简单句和句子成分.doc

简单句和句子成分一 分析以下句子的句子成分They are standing on the playground. Fishing becomes popular. Jane finished her homework.句子的基本要素：主语+谓语主语一般由名词、代词、动名词和不定式充当。谓语由动词或动词短语充当。动词的词性不同， 选用的句式也有所不同1. 句型一：主语+谓语(vi)+(状语)1)She disappeared. 2）I live in Guangdong. 3）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.不及物动词能表达完整的意思，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等，谓语的修饰词叫状语, 可出现在句首或句末。2. 句型二：主语+谓语(Link v.)+表语1)I am a student. 2) We are happy now 3) My job is teaching English. 用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。系动词不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语。1表语一般跟在系动词后面； 2表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、不定式、分词或介词短语充当。系动词包括以下三类（21 words)：be动词 “是”; seem 似乎,好像, appear 显得, 好像,似乎; feel 觉得感觉; look看起来;smell闻起来; taste尝起来;sound听起来;become 变得;get 变得; turn 变成; grow 逐渐变成；go 变得;fall 进入某种状态come 变成;stay保持;keep 保持; remain仍然是stand 处于某种状态;continue 继续存在句型三：主语+谓语(vt)+宾语1. 主语+谓语+名词或代词(n./pron) Many boys likes football very much.2. 主语+谓语+动名词 I enjoy living in the country.3. 主语+谓语+不定式 Mother promised to buy me a new computer.4. 主语+谓语+wh-+to do sth We havent decided where to hold the sports meet1.) 宾语跟在及物动词后面或介词后面2. )宾语由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或wh-+to do sth充当跟不定式作宾语的动词: vt+to doafford, agree同意, arrange(设法/约定), ask, beg(恳求,请求), choose, decide, demand(要求,请求), desire(想要), determine, expect, fail, hate, happen(碰巧), hesitate(踌躇), hope, intend, learn, manage(设法成功), mean(打算), offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, etc.跟动名词作宾语的动词: vt+doingadmit承认, advise建议,allow允许,appreciate感激，avoid避免，consider思考, deny否认, dislike不喜欢, enjoy喜欢, escape逃避, finish完成, forbid禁止,imagine想象,include包括, keep保持, mind介意,mention提及, miss错过,permit允许,practice练习, quit停止, resist经得住, suggest建议, feel like想要,判断以下句子使用哪种句型，并翻译为中文1. He looks tired. 2. His words hurt me. 3. She decides to stay here.4. The food tastes delicious. 5. The book belongs to me. 6. Hearing the news, her face turned red. 7. She joined in all kinds of activities at university.8. To our delight, Doctor Zhang recovered from the disease.9. He reads the new words again and again in order to learn them by heart.1. 我不同意他的看法。2. 他很快睡着了。3. 三年前他患了肺癌。4. 我在人群中认出她了。5. 在比赛中，他总是保持冷静。6. 他们最后解决了这个难题。7. 许多人喜欢在他们日记里写下自己的感受。8. 在他的人生中，他已经经历了许多苦难(hardship).1. _(listen) to music can relax us. 2. The time passed _(quick).3. Mary can speak English _(fluent).4. He often communicates _ his e-pal on the Internet. 5. The book seems _(use) for your study. 6. Mrs. Brown looks _(health).7. I told her the news but she ignored _. 8. John dislikes _(play) football.9. I hope _(teach) English. 10. I dont know _ to deal with the problem.二 分析以下句子的句子成分He gave his sister a book.They made me happy.I will write you a letter.The doctor advised me to give up smoking.句型4：主语谓语(vt)间接宾语(人)直接宾语(物)He brings me cookies every day. He brings cookies to me every day. She bought me a beautiful skirt. She bought a beautiful skirt for me. 特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。但若要先说出直接宾语(事物)，后说间接宾语(人)，则要借助于介词to或for。常跟双宾的动词（需借助to的 ）bring sb sth /bring sth to sb give sb sth / give sth to sb lend sb sth / lend sth to sb hand sb sth /hand sth to sb offer sb sth /offer sth to sb pass sb sth / pass sth to sbpay sb sth /pay sth to sb promise sb sth/promise sth to sb常跟双宾的动词（需借助for的）buy sb sth /buy sth for sb call sb for sth cook sb sth/cook sth for sb choose sb sth/choose sth for sb draw sb sth/draw sth for sb find sb sth/find sth for sb get sb sth/get sth for sb make sb sth/make sth for sb order sb sth/order sth for sb sing sb sth/sing sth for sb save sb sth/ save sth for sb spare sb sth/spare sth for sb句型5： 主语+谓语(vt)+宾语+宾语补足语We made him monitor. What he said made me very disappointedWe saw some children dancing in the garden.1. 主语+谓语+宾语+名词 President appointed John manager of Marketing.2. 主语+谓语+宾语+形容词 The news made me happy.3. 主语+谓语+宾语+副词 I found him out when I arrived.4. 主语+谓语+宾语+介词短语 I found my friend in the classroom.5. 主语+谓语+宾语+不定式/动词原形 He encouraged her to work harder. The boss made him work overtime.6. 主语+谓语+宾语+现在分词/过去分词 I saw him playing on the playground at that time. She had the clothes washed.2. 可以用作宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。拓展句型: 主语+谓语+it+宾补+真实宾语主语+谓语+it+ 宾补(adj./n.)+ doing sth She thinks it no use practicing so much.主语+谓语+it+ 宾补(adj./n.)+ to do sth I found it very pleasant to be with your family.主语+谓语+it+ 宾补(adj./n.)+ that真实宾语从句 He believed it impossible that she would agree.1）能用于该句型的谓语动词有consider, believe, feel, find, make, think, suppose等；2）用doing作真实宾语时其宾补为no use, no good, useless, etc.判断以下句子使用哪种句型，并翻译为中文1. My grandma told me an interesting story. 2. We made him monitor.3. He showed the conductor the ticket. 4. I want you to paint the wall.5. My father bought me a new bike. 6. I think it no use talking about this again.7. I will get the computer repaired. 8. I make it a rule to read English aloud in the morning.Exercises:1. Living in dorms can bring us great _(happy) 2. I am very grateful to Mr. Brown for offering _ great help in America. 3. The place we visited _ (call) Diaolou. 4. The news made me _(anger).5. John persuaded me _(buy) a bike finally. 6. We found him _(watch) TV when we came 7. I think it interesting _(cycle) along the bank. 8. The officer commanded his soldiers _(fire).9. The 15th National Book Fair made _ convenient to buy books.10. The farmer is teaching the boy _ to plant trees.Translations1. 我的妈妈给我带来了一些苹果。2. 我们说服了他接受这份工作。3. 她给她的宝宝取名为约翰。4. 医生建议他好好休息。5. 你能给我一些建议关于如何跟我的同学和睦相处吗？6. 我觉得跟他们做好朋友是很难的。Summary (句子成分)主语放在句首，由名词、代词、动名词和不定式充当谓语跟在主语后面，由动词或动词短语充当表语跟在系动词后面；由名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、不定式、分词或介词短语充当。宾语跟在及物动词和介词后面，由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或wh-+to do sth充当宾语补足语跟在宾语后面，与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词充当定语放在被修饰语之前或之后，修饰名词或代词，由形容词、名词、分词或不定式充当状语句首、句中或句末，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，由副词或介词短语等充当句子翻译1. 我要求他准时到达。2.老板命令他的秘书两天内完成这个计划.3. 网络使了解世界变得更容易.4. 我觉得与朋友聚会很开心。基本句型6：There be+主语1. 特点：用以表达存在关系，意为“某地有某物/某人”。而表示某人或某物拥有某物，要用“have”.1) 这条村庄有许多井。 There are many wells in the village.2) 他有一套卫斯理的科幻小说。 He has a series of science fiction written by Wei Sili.2. 在there be句型中，主语后的动词形式有三种：There is a purse _(lie) on the ground. There are ten people _(kill) in the accident.There are five soldiers _(attend) the meeting.句子改错1. There is about four thousand students in our school.2. There are much water in the bowl.3. There are many people do exercises in the park every morning.4. There are two boys are waiting for you.There be句型的拓展句型：There live(s)/stand(s)/lie(s)/exist(s)+主语 有 There has/have been+主语 “已有”There will be+主语 “将有” There used to be+主语 “过去曾经有”There must be+主语 “一定有” There happen to be+主语 “碰巧有”There seem(s)/appear(s) to be+主语 “好像有” There is/are likely to be+主语 “很有可能有”(1)灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。(2)战前这儿一直有家电影院的。(3)恰好那时房里没人。(4)我家门前有一条河。(5)Guangzhou，an ancient city，with a cultural history of more than 2,200 years(有2200多年的文明历史), is developing rapidly too.There be 的高级句型1. There is no doubt that.毫无疑问Eg. There was no doubt that he was telling the truth，but his mother didnt believe him. 2. There is some doubt whether.尚有疑问。Eg. There is some doubt whether he can overcome the diffi