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主轴箱箱体工艺及工装夹具设计【8张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

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摘要

本文是对箱体零件三维造型及零件的机械加工工艺路线进行设计，并按照加工工序的要求进行了夹具设计。三维造型主要表达了零件的造型过程，并可根据零件三维图样自动生成零件的数控加工程序。

主轴箱作为箱体类零件，其主要加工表面是平面及孔。其加工路线长，加工时间多，加工成本较高，零件的加工精度要求也较高。按照机械加工工艺要求，遵循先面后孔的原则，并将孔与平面的加工明确划分成粗加工和精加工阶段以保证加工精度。基准选择以底面作为粗基准，以底面与两个工艺孔作为精基准，确定了其加工的工艺路线和加工中所需要的各种工艺参数。

在零件的夹具设计中，主要是根据零件加工工序要求，分析应限的自由度数，进而根据零件的表面特征选定定位元件，再分析所选定位元件能否限定应限自由度。确定了定位元件后还需要选择夹紧元件，最后就是确定专用夹具的结构形式。

关键词主轴箱；加工工艺；工序；专用夹具

Abstract

This article is to the body parts 3 d modelling and parts machining process route design, and according to the requirements of machining process for fixture design. 3 d modelling mainly expressed the moulding process of the parts, and can according to the parts 3 d drawings of nc machining program automatically generate parts.

The main spindle box, a box body parts, the main processing surface is flat and hole. Its processing route, long processing time, processing cost is higher, the machining precision of parts request also is higher. According to the machining process requirement, follow the principle of surface hole after first, and will be in the plane of the hole and processing into rough machining and finish machining stage to ensure the machining accuracy. Crude benchmark, the benchmark choice on bottom as the bottom with two hole as a benchmark, to determine the processing technology and processing required in the various process parameters.

In parts of fixture design, mainly according to the parts processing process requirements, the analysis should limit the freedom degree, and according to the surface features of parts positioning element selected, then analysis the selected components can limit should be the limit of degrees of freedom. Determine the positioning components also need to select after clamping device, the structure of special fixture is determined in the end.

Key words spindle box; Processing technology; Process; Special fixture.

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录V

1 绪论1

1.1本课题的研究内容和意义1

1.2国内外的发展概况1

1.3本课题应达到的要求2

2 零件的造型3

3 零件的分析6

3.1零件的作用6

3.2 零件的工艺分析7

3.2.1零件图样分析7

3.2.2 工艺分析8

4 工艺规程设计10

4.1 确定毛坯的制造形式10

4.2 定位基准的选择11

4.2.1 粗基准的选择11

4.2.2 精基准的选择12

4.3 拟定工艺路线13

4.3.1 划分加工阶段13

4.3.2 安排加工顺序13

4.3.3 拟定加工工艺路线14

4.4 机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定16

4.5 确定切削用量及工时定额18

5 专用夹具设计33

5.1 问题的指出33

5.1.1 机床夹具的作用33

5.1.2 铣床夹具的主要类型及结构形式33

5.1.3 机床夹具的组成34

5.2 夹具设计34

5.2.1夹具体设计34

5.2.2 定位基准的选择34

5.2.3 定位方案和元件设计34

5.2.4 定位误差的计算35

5.2.5 铣削切削力计算35

5.2.6 夹紧机构的设计36

5.2.7 对刀装置37

6 结论与展望38

6.1结论38

6.2不足之处及未来展望38

设计小结39

致谢40

参考文献41

1 绪论

1.1本课题的研究内容和意义

机械的加工工艺及夹具设计是在完成了大学的全部课程之后，进行的一次理论联系实际的综合运用，使我对专业知识、技能有了进一步的提高，为以后从事专业技术的工作打下基础。机械加工工艺是实现产品设计，保证产品质量、节约能源、降低成本的重要手段，合理的机械加工工艺过程是企业进行生产准备、计划调度、加工操作、生产安全、技术检测和健全劳动组织的重要依据，也是企业上品种、上质量、上水平，加速产品更新，提高经济效益的技术保证。

合理的机械加工工艺文件不仅能提高一个企业的技术革新能力，而且可以较大程度地提高企业的利润，因而合理地编制零件的加工工艺文件就显得时常重要。机械加工工艺文件的合理性也会受到企业各方面因素的制约，比如企业的生产设备、工人的技术水平及夹具的设计水平等，其中较为重要的是夹具的生产和设计。夹具是机械加工系统的重要组成部分，不论是传统制造，还是现代制造系统，夹具的设计都是十分重要的。好的夹具设计可以提高产品劳动生产率，保证和提高加工精度，降低生产成本等，还可以扩大机床的使用范围，从而使产品在保证精度的前提下提高效率、降低成本。当今激烈的市场竞争和企业信息化的要求,企业对夹具的设计及制造提出了更高的要求。所以对机械的加工工艺及夹具设计具有十分重要的意义。

因而不仅要合理结合企业的生产实际来进行零件加工工艺文件的编制，而且还要根据零件的加工要求和先进的加工机床来设计先进高效的夹具。

该课题主要是为了培养我们开发、设计和创新机械产品的能力，要求我们能够结合常规机床与零件加工工艺，针对实际使用过程中存在的金属加工中所需要的三维造型、机床的驱动及工件夹紧问题，综合所学的机械三维造型、机械理论设计与方法、机械加工工艺及装备等知识，对高效、快速夹紧装置进行改进设计，从而实现金属加工机床驱动与夹紧的半自动控制。

就我个人而言，通过这次毕业设计队自己所学的理论知识进行一次综合运用，也是对四年的学习深度的一个检验。从中锻炼了自己分析问题、解决问题的能力，并希望通过毕业设计能养成一种严谨、务实、求真、奋进的工作态度，不仅是对生活的一种感悟，而且为参加工作打下一个良好的基础。因而具有十分重要的意义。

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内容简介：: 无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：主轴箱箱体工艺及工装设计 nts 信机系机械专业学号： 0923058 学生姓名：顾天庆指导教师：韩邦华（职称：副教授）（职称：） 2013 年 5 月课题来源无锡某企业生产实际 nts科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）该课题主要是为了培养学生编制机械零件加工工艺、正确选择金属切削机床和工艺参数、开发和创新机械产品的能力，要求学生能够结合常规普通铣床与零件加工工艺，针对实际使用过程中存在的金属加工机床的驱动及工件夹紧问题，综合所学的机械理论设计与方法等知识，对高效、快速夹紧装置进行改进设计，从而实现金属加工机床驱动与夹紧的半自动控制。在设计零件机械加工工装时，在满足产品工作要求的情况下，应尽可能多的采用标准件，提高其互换性要求，以减少产品的设计生产成本和周期。研究内容通过实际调研、认知普通机床和数控机床、采集相应的设计数据，分析零件的机械加工工艺路线、金属切削加工过程中的机床工作台驱动、工件夹紧等方面的相关数据，结合工艺工装设计的相关理论知识，完成零件机械加工工艺文件的拟定及专用夹具的设计，并进行主要工序的工序尺寸及公差的计算，对零件的定位误差进行分析等。 nts拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析通过实践与大量搜集、阅读相关资料相结合，在对金属切削加工原理、金属切削机床、机械加工工艺文件的编制、机械设计与理论及机械装备等相关知识充分掌握后，对零件的机械加工工艺路线、工装夹具的设计、普通铣床的驱动、夹紧装置进行数学建模，并通过模拟实验分析建立普通铣床的驱动、夹紧装置的实体模型，设计专用夹具的驱动、夹紧装置，进行现场实验，来达到产品的最优化设计。研究计划及预期成果现场调研、模拟、建模、实验、机器调试，达到产品的最优化设计，大大降低劳动强度和提高生产效率。 nts特色或创新之处适用于现代加工企业高效、安全的专用夹具设计、夹紧装置的优化设计，可降低工人的劳动强度、减少机械加工工艺时间和降低机械零件的生产成本。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题针对实际使用过程中存在的金属加工工艺文件编制、工件夹紧及快速高效夹具设计问题，综合所学的机械理论设计与方法与机械装备等方面的知识，实现适合于现代加工制造业、合理的工艺路线、合适的夹紧装置等的优化设计，进而提高学生开发和创新机械产品的能力。 nts指导教师意见指导教师签名：年月日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见教研室主任签名：年月日系意见主管领导签名：年月日 ntsChinas machinery manufacturing management information of the characteristics and development trends 1. Preface The manufacturing sector, especially machinery manufacturing industry is a pillar industry of national economy, the modern manufacturing industry is changing peoples modes of production, lifestyle, mode of operation and management as well as the organizational structure of society and culture. Chinas huge market potential and rich labor resources, the worlds manufacturing industry has shifted to China, China is becoming a world manufacturing power. Chinas household electrical appliances, such as in the production of a number of products has been ranking first in the world. However, in their own intellectual property rights of innovative design, advanced manufacturing technology and equipment and modern management, there are still a big gap, so we do not create power. This article will machinery manufacturing enterprises in the current management problems, how to use information technology to improve management, management information of the characteristics and trends of technology development for a number of studies for the development of machinery manufacturing enterprises program reference information. 2. Machinery manufacturing enterprises in the current management problems Chinas machinery manufacturing industry through decades of effort have been of considerable size, the accumulation of a large number of skills and experience. However, with the formation of world economic integration, since Chinas huge market potential and rich labor resources, foreign technology, capital, large influx of Chinese products, Chinese enterprises are facing an unprecedented situation of fierce competition at home and abroad. Competitive products require replacement fast, high quality, low price, prompt delivery and good services. Competition in these markets weapons with the model of corporate governance, management methods, management tools, organizational structure, business processes are closely related. However, the Chinese enterprises and peoples ideology 30-40 years due to the impact of the planned economy, the competitiveness of the existence of weapons with a big gap compared with developed countries. (1) control the mode of production planning behind The implementation of ERP has not been the machinery manufacturing enterprises is almost 100% use of sets of programs. That is the longest production cycle of products form the basis of product as a variety of materials and production lead time procurement lead time. Exaggerated is the lead-time inventory and reserve products high liquidity of the root causes of the use of the Great. Production planning and procurement plans in line, sets the level of bad parts can not be delivered on time. Or to protect its delivery of high reserves. Modern management methods from MRP MRP, JIT JIT, supplier of pipe Treasury VMI, a far cry from the synchronization of production. (2) Enterprise poor response Todays market is constantly changing, the demand for diversification. Order assembly MTO, in accordance with orders for manufacture of MTO, in accordance with orders for the design of MTD, Mass Customization MC. Variety of different specifications, production, procurement is very complex. From the customer - Sales - Design - Production - Purchasing - Financial - costs, the need for a complete supply chain management, in order to quickly respond to dynamic customer demand, to adapt to the ever-changing market and customer customization requirements. (3) inaccurate cost, poor cost control Artificial cost accounting in general only the cost of computing products, the cost of parts and components can not be calculated. Very rough cost-sharing, the cost of data collection is a large ntsnumber of artificialand poor accuracy of the data, making cost inaccurate. Generally do not carry out the standard cost calculation, cost analysis rarely conducted, so poor cost control. (4) information dispersed, not timely, inaccurate, not share Manufacturing production, supply, marketing, human, financial, and material is an organic whole, and between them there is a large amount of information exchange. Decentralized management of information, however artificial, based on the lack of a complete data, information dispersion, not timely, inaccurate, not share, significantly affect the scientific nature of management decision-making. (5)-style bureaucratic organizations rather than the flat-oriented business processes of organizations, the general business processes unreasonable, business process management and control of non-standard, arbitrary. (6) lack of standardization, standardization, institutionalization, programmable management, management strengths and weaknesses vary from person to person. Despite the adoption of ISO9000 procedures to develop a series of documents, the effect of the implementation of enterprises and managers may vary. (7) management tools behind, the majority of enterprises still in the computer manual or decentralized management of individual management stage. Some enterprises have set up computer networks, the whole plant, but the application is still fragmented, there is no information-sharing and the optimal distribution of resources. (8) modern management ideas, new methods, and poor application of new technologies. For example: Agile Manufacturing AM, virtual manufacturing VM, JIT JIT, Customer Relationship Management CRM, supply chain management SCM, Business Intelligence BI, e-business EC, such as enterprise resource planning ERP. 3. Use information technology to improve the level of mechanical system management At present, the above-mentioned problems in the management of seriously affecting the level of corporate governance, management efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. The use of modern management thinking, methods and computer network communication technology, machinery manufacturing enterprises to achieve the management of innovation, system innovation and technological innovation is facing urgent tasks in front of each enterprise. Therefore, the establishment of linked computer networks, both within and outside plant communication systems, select advanced, mature and suitable for the needs of enterprise management enterprise resource planning ERP, customer relationship management CRM, supply chain management SCM, Business Intelligence BI, e-commerce software systems, such as EC, through the Management Advisory and business process reengineering, and optimize the design of the organization, management, business process, application of these software systems, enterprise information management. Enterprise management in order to overcome the current problems in and improve the level of corporate governance, management efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises, is the face of a knowledge-based economy and global economic integration make the inevitable choice. System aims to: (1) into a company-wide computer network management information system. The system enables enterprises to achieve the production and operation of logistics, capital flow, information flow and work flow of the high degree of unity with the parallel operation, and Intranet, Internet enterprises inside and outside the full exchange of information and business links with the outside world, to form an effective agile supply chain system. (2) the use of advanced production planning and control methods. To break the sets of programs, according to a variety of materials procurement and production lead-time preparation of lead-time ntsMRP. The establishment of an effective and flexible by the master production plan, material requirements planning and job shop scheme composed of three planned production planning management system, reduce the maximum production cycle, procurement cycle, on-time delivery, rapid response to customer demand to maximize the reduction of inventory and costs, improve service levels. Qualified enterprises to implement JIT JIT, supplier of pipe Treasury VMI, synchronous production of advanced management methods. (3) to achieve company-wide basis of data (such as material data, product structure data, product design, process data, capacity data, etc.) to generate a unified, uniform maintenance and management for authorized use of the relevant departments, the number of truly a, data sharing, to avoid redundancy. Through the ERP system to further rationalize the development and implementation of management procedures to ensure the management of institutionalized, standardized and scientific. (4) for the current information in the management division of the situation and establish a customer-centric dynamic information feedback and control system, for each task from the contract, design, production, procurement, cost accounting into the whole process of product shipments Dynamic tracking, so that each task is effectively under control. (5) to strengthen and improve financial management and cost accounting functions. The real cost to build two systems, the use of advanced cost accounting methods, a more accurate accounting of costs and cost components for sales quotes and provide a reliable basis for financial accounting. Conduct a cost analysis to identify the factors that reduce costs and effectively reduce costs. (6) the use of computers to enhance the quality of the statistical analysis of data. Take full advantage of the quality of test data, using a variety of analytical methods, to conduct in-depth statistics and analysis. Effectively monitor and improve the quality level. (7) through computer-based enterprise information management, will be the majority of managers from the tedious manual labor, so that they will have the opportunity to learn management theory and management skills, from the nature of enterprise management personnel to improve the management level. 4. Chinas machinery manufacturing management features Machinery manufacturing and the management of other manufacturing industries have common personality; machinery manufacturing industry with the production type, production volume, production organization of its management practices in different ways there are differences; Chinas manufacturing sector compared with the developed countries, due to corporate culture, law, different system has its particularities. On these characteristics the following topics: (1) machinery manufacturing industry is a typical discrete manufacturing industry, its management software based on the production type, production volume, production organization are different, require different solutions. The chart lists the type of division of production: Characteristics of these types of manufacturers: Discrete Manufacturing - different materials through the movement of non-continuous, through different paths, the production of different materials and products. Such as motor vehicles, machine tools, aircraft, computers, home electrical appliances. Process Industry - materials through mixing, separating, forming, or chemical reaction, mostly for materials through the same path, to produce valuable products. It consists of continuous production, manufacturing production and mixed types. Required in the management of prescription management, by-products, the products, a variety of units of measurement, a number of quality and grade of the same items, batch number tracking, shelf-life characteristics, the general process industry with ntsprofessional software. Single production - the design of products to order, according to the production of customer demand, product is very complex. Products are generally long production cycle. Sometimes a contract for delivery in accordance with many parts. Such as the three major power plants (major motor, steam turbine, boiler) heavy machinery, shipbuilding and so on. Organization of production divided by the technology, equipment is common. Production management, in addition to the application of multi-variety small-production the whole way, the need to increase the network plan (project management), the key to sort resources. CRM is not important on here. Variety of small batch production - products are standard or optional. Demand can be forecast, or order the production, assembly to order. Production process in accordance with the characteristics of organizations at the workshop, section, team, such as casting, forging, riveting, welding, cars, milling, planing, grinding, assembly and so on. The characteristics of production planning MRPII is a typical configuration control increases. They also need CRM, SCM and so on. Mass production - is a standard or a small number of products matching. Depends mainly on the demand forecast, and also to consider orders. Production equipment is based on materials (parts, components) to form a target assembly article. Production plan is characterized by the traditional mixed MRPII and JIT manufacturing, medium and long-term plans and materials used in production of spare parts requirements planning MRP, the Plan of Implementation adopted JIT, Kanban (Electronic Kanban), recoil inventory tracking barcode program materials. CRM, e-commerce is important. Mass Customization - will be more varieties of small batch production to meet the individual needs of different clients and high-volume production to increase productivity, reduce costs of combining the advantages. Organization of production lines is still, but a variety of product configuration. Production planning control in that it requires a combination of MRP, JIT, integrated applications, such as configuration control. Is a mixture of the first two manufacturing model. Therefore, different types of enterprises, the choice of ERP software in accordance with the management of these different characteristics to find the software to meet business needs. You are an annual production capacity of 100,000 vehicle manufacturing plant, software, and I did not see inappropriate JIT. You are a heavy machinery plant, he does not project management products, the main pieces of the quality of follow-up clearance, I do not trip. In addition, the different focus of corporate governance are not the same, some very complex enterprise sales, but the production simple. Procurement and manufacture some very complex, but only a few one-year contracts, sales management is not important. Therefore, dialectical treatment must prescribe the right remedy. (2) as a result of the East-West cultural differences, making the West we must re-examine the ERP system application in China. The West to law as the focus of the management model, the ERP system is based on Western law-oriented corporate culture, government policy decrees, regulations, taxation policy, the design and development; compare re-schedule, re-plan in order to ensure targeted delivery to the time the main line program, based on a standardized, stressing at the right time to correct the correct amount of materials sent to the right place. Software functions and the logic of the host country in line with the policy of the Government Act, regulations, tax policy. It is strictly abide by contracts, re-plan of discipline. It should be said, ERP can solve the developed countries of the integrated manufacturing enterprise management. Orient to feeling for the characteristics of the management philosophy of management as a result of ntsthis emphasis on the role and value of the realization of the system while ignoring the effect of management and regulations in order to demonstrate the relationship between the personnel in the emphasis on the spirit of the performance of a fully rational, and in the emphasis on task and rules, the spirit of the performance is not fully rational. Therefore, the lack of strict laws and regulations, too many personal connections and rational spirit of inadequate management of Chinas shortcomings and inadequacies. Its performance management is more to consider the consequences. The so-called masters the spirit is denied by administrators or managers, their actions are focused on values, they re-commitment, light contract; re-scheduling, light plan; heavy emotion, light system; randomness, and poor punctuality . So the West ERP application in China must pay attention to the values of human management. Therefore, the establishment of a combination of, a comprehensive enterprise performance management is essential. (3) ERP of the modern manufacturing management tool, it has its social attributes and two aspects of the natural attributes. In terms of its natural attributes, there is not much difference between Chinese and foreign enterprises. They all seek to maximize the production of shorter cycles, lower costs, reduce inventory, on-time delivery, rapid response to customer needs. So the general principle of ERP is the foreign application. However, in terms of their social attributes, corporate governance policies by the state laws, regulations, tax policy, the market environment. ERP must therefore consider the conditions of. For example, ERP financial software, it must be in line with Chinas accounting standards promulgated by the Ministry of Finance and Accounting requirements. At this stage, but also dealing with the ; barter grinding off to deal with; in the cost price of a gradual plan to retain access to different methods of assessments; both accounts receivable finance, but also record sales of receivables account; double fixed, such as working hours. (4) the management of Chinas machinery manufacturing industry is the most complex. Machinery manufacturing industry as a result of materials of different specifications, and production is not continuous, complex manufacturing process, so the management of the manufacturing machinery manufacturin

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