冠词介词.doc

冠词：冠词的分类 冠词可以分为不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词）。二、冠词的用法1、不定冠词的用法不定冠词a (an)表示的意思是“一个”。a用于辅音音素开头的词前；而an则用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：The little boy eats an apple, and the little girl eats a banana.1用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate.2表示一类人或物。 A tiger is a dangerous animal.3第一次提到某人或某物。 This is an English-Chinese dictionary.4. 在一些固定搭配中 a lot of/ a little/ a few/ a pair of/ a set of 等。Exercise1. I have _ apple. He has _orange.2. This is _ egg.3. Jim is _ honest boy and he is _ university student .4. Do you have _ computer?5. There is _ car in front of the house.6. English is _ useful language.7. He is _ unhappy boy.8. My father will come back in _ hour.9. There is _ beautiful flower.10. There is _ “u” and _ “s” in the word “use”11. Please take _ seat and have _ rest 2、定冠词的用法定冠词（the）放在名词前，表示特定的事物或人。1. 第二次提到某人或某物，用定冠词the Look! There is a ball under the table. The ball is mine.2. 用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人。 Would you mind closing the window?3. 表示世上独一无二的事物。 The earth goes around the sun.4. 定冠词放在姓氏复数前，表示“一家”。The Greens are from Australia.【注】一般只有这两种短语：the Greens 格林一家人Mr/Mrs Greens 格林先生/夫人的家 而 “the + 名词所有格形式”这种结构中，名词必须是表示职业类的名词。the tailors 裁缝店，the barbers理发店，go to the doctors上诊所5. 定冠词后接单数名词表示一类人或物。 The dog is a kind of cute animal.6. 定冠词和形容词连用，也可以代表某类人或物。 the poor the bad the rich the good 7. 在一些固定搭配中。如：in the morning in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 all the year round 一年到头8. in the east / west /south /north on the left / right play the guitar the second person the best mother 口诀：特指双熟悉上文已提及世上独无二序数最高级某些专有名习语和乐器 3、零冠词的用法1. 复数名词前不加冠词可以表示一类人和事物 Noodles are my favorite.2. 洲、国家、城市前不用冠词 We live in Asia.3不可数名词表示一类一般不用冠词。 Would you like to drink water?4. 在季节、月份、星期、节日、日期、等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； It is very cold in winter in Beijing.5. 在姓名前不加冠词。 She is Mrs. Henry Black.6. 在一天三餐、表示球类运动名词前不用冠词。 After we have lunch, we will play football.7. 在固定搭配中,名词前不需要用冠词。如： go to school go to bed stay in bed 【小结】用定冠词的习语：in the morning(afternoon，evening) 上午（下午，晚上）in the middle of.在.之中 to go to the doctors 看病to go to the cinema 看电影3.不用冠词的习语at noon ( night，dawn，midnight ) 中午（夜晚，黎明，午夜）go to school上学leave school 毕业 to play volleyball 打排球in town 在城里， in bed 躺在床上 in hospital住院， catch fire 着火， lose heart失去信心at home在家， in fact 事实上by chance偶然， by heart通过记忆in time 及时， out of date 过时take part in参加 have supper 吃晚饭 随堂练习：一、单项选择。1. He often has _ egg and some milk for breakfast.A. / B. a C. the D. an2. -Whats the trouble with Lingling? -She doesnt go to_ school and stay in _bed now.A. a; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a3. -Do you have _ dictionary? -No, but Lucy has _ new dictionary on the bookshelf.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a4. _ earth is round.A. A B. An C. The D. /5. There is _ “L” in the word “LUCK”.A. a B. the C. an D. /6. I hope you have _ happy day today. A. a B. an C. the D. /7. _ Whites are having dinner together.A. A B. The C. An D. /8. There is _ orange and some pineapples in the basket.A. the B. / C. a D. an9. Lisa has _ hat. _ hat is very beautiful.A. a; A B. an; A C. a; The D. an; /10. Im watching_ movie. It is about_ interesting love story.A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an数词1.基数词变序数词。其规律为： 1,2,3特殊记，加th从4起 (first, second, third, fourth) 8去t，9去e，后面再加th (eighth, ninth) 逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth, twelfth) 20到90，y要变ie (twentieth, ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first) 2.hundred, thousand, million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。 如：five hundred people. 五百人只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。 如： hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 billions of 数以十亿的 这些词组前不能用具体数字。 3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。练习:Henry has learned eight _ French words this year. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of The _lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty) 另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。 顺读法(钟点分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five 4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟topast钟点) 如：4:30 half past four 4:15 fifteen past foura quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to fivea quarter to five 介词介词一般用于名词或代词前，表示该词与句子其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语。介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。1、in 在.之内 in the box1) 表示地点，表示大地点。Shes in China with her mom and dad. 她和妈妈爸爸一起在中国。My mother is an English teacher in a university in Beijing. 我妈妈是北京一个大学的英语老师。Im in Class One.我在一班。 2) 表示时间，表示在某一个时间段内。The weather is cold in winter.冬天天气很冷。注还可以接 年份、月份、季节。3) 表示颜色和语言也用介词in。Do you know the girl in red? 你认识穿着红色衣服的女孩么？I can write this article in English. 我能用英语写这篇文章。【相关短语】in the room in purple in the photo in July in my family in the afternoon in all 总体 in bed 躺在床上 in class 在课堂上 in danger 在危险中 in English 用英语in time 及时地 in the end 最后 arrive in/at be interested in 2、from 从；来自。1) come from = be fromI come from China and Im Chinese. 我从中国来，我是中国人。There are camels from Africa. 骆驼从非洲来。3) be different from Lilys habits are different from Lindas. 莉莉的习惯与琳达的不同。4）from 12:00 to 1:00【相关短语】learn from hear from 3、with 和；跟；随着1)with sb 和.人在一起Im in Class One with Daming and Lingling.我与大明和玲玲都是一班的学生。 Would you like to go to the cinema with Betty and me?你愿意与贝蒂和我一起去看电影么？2）with sth. 表示用某种工具I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes.我用我的笔写字，用我的眼睛来看。3）表示 带着I like noodles with tomatoes.4) with the help of sb在某人的帮助下 help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人 be strick with 对要求严格 4. at 在. 1) 后加地点，主要指小地点。My father is a teacher at Beijing International School.我爸爸是北京国际学校的一名老师。My mother is a doctor at the hospital.我妈妈是医院医生。at home at first at last at present现在 at the gate of at the bus stop at the tableat the same time 同时 look at 2) 表示时间，主要指时间的一个点。I get up at half past seven in the morning. 我早上七点半起床。I usually do my homework at home and at the weekend. 我通常周末在家里写作业。3) be good at 擅长于. = do well inIam good at reading and writing.我擅长读写。【相关短语】e-mail me at call me at at good prices shout at 对大声叫喊5. behind 在.后面The classrooms are behind the offices.教室在办公室后面。6. next to 紧挨着；在旁边The library is next to the classrooms.图书馆紧挨着教室。7. in front of 在.前面They are in front of Tony and Daming. 他们在托尼和大明前面。The gym is a building in front of the offices. 体育场在办公室前面。8. for 为了. Thank you for your email.谢谢你的邮件。We often make a birthday cake for his birthday. 我们通常为了他的生日准备一个生日蛋糕。Im a teacher and I use my laptop for my lessons.我是一名老师，我经常用笔记本电脑备课。 I had fish for my breakfast.早饭我吃的鱼。【相关短语】 thank you for your help thanks for 多亏 ask sb for sth 问某人关于某事 for two hours eg: I have been watching TVfor two hours. look for be late for 9. on 在.上(紧挨着物体表面)，在.(具体某一天)1） 表示时间，表示具体的一天。Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday?你愿意周日看足球赛么？I was born on Jan, 1st, 1992.我出生于1992年1月1日。【相关短语】 on the table on a cold morning on Sunday morning on time 按时 on duty 值日 on foot on the left/right on the way 2）表示地点on the farm 在农场上on the playground 在操场上10. to 到，向1）talk to 与.谈论We have a break and I talk to my friends. 我们有一个课间休息，我和我的朋友们聊天。2) go to 去He likes films and he often goes to the cinema. 他喜欢电影，他经常去电影院。3）welcome to 欢迎到. Welcome to Beijing Zoo. 欢迎到北京动物园来。4）listen to 听They always listen to music.他们经常听音乐。 5）connect.toPlease connect the monitor to the computer first. 请先把显示器和电脑主机连在一起。6) look forward to + doing 期望 pay attention to + sth集中注意力于，关注11. under在。的下面under the bed12. over aboveover是指在某物的正上方,above是笼统的指在上方13. about 关于；大约what about how about think about talk about worry about 14. after 在以后after class 课后 after school 放学后 look after 15. across from 在对面 Our house is across from the supermarket.16. along 沿着 Go along this street. get along with = get on with sb一、选择最佳答案。1. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wed