仁爱英语七年级-九年级语法总结.docx

语法1. 当别人问你“Are you ?”时，否定回答应为：No, I am not. I am . / No. I am .。注：不能只回答No, I am not. 英语中，这样的回答会被认为是不礼貌的行为。 2. Nice to see you. 答语通常为Nice to see you, too.这样的问候常在以下两种情景中使用： 1) 双方初次见面后经人介绍后互相问候。 2) 熟悉的人好久不见，偶然相逢时表达双方见面后的高兴心情。 3. This is句型通常在两种情境中使用：1) 向别人介绍第三方时； 2) 用来介绍、说明某种事物。4. How do you do? 这个句子是初次见面时候的正式问候语。它的答语仍用：How do you do ？5. Nice to see/meet you.这是双方初次见面经人介绍后常说Nice to see you.这是陌生人初次见面的客套话，答语用Nice to see /meet you, too. 6. 英语国家常把男士称Mr., 女士称为Miss(未婚)或Mrs.（已婚)。如果在不明女士是否已婚的情况下, 可用Ms.（这是英国女权运动的产物）。注意: Mr.或Ms.通常与姓名或姓连用, 而不能单独与名连用; Miss可单独用来称呼女性；Mrs.只能与夫姓或自己的姓加夫姓连用。 7. Are you Michael? Yes, I am.以及This is my teacher, Mr. Brown.这三句中的are, am, is被称为be动词，都含有“是”的意思，主要区别在于它们和不同的人称代词连用。 具体如下： 1) am的主语是I。如：I am Kangkang.2) are 的主语是第二人称或是复数人称。如：Are you Jane?3) is 的主语是第三人称单数。如：This is Ms. Jones.8. Fine, good和nice的区别 1) fine 健康的，身体好的，多用于回答How are you ?这样的问候语。 如How are you ? Fine, thank you.2) good 好，好的，经常和一天中的早上（morning）、下午(afternoon)、晚上evening, night)连用等构成问候语。 3) nice 令人愉快的，高兴的，多用于表达心情，如：Nice to see you. / Nice to meet you. 9. be from “从来，来自”,表达某人的籍贯或来源地。“Where +be+主语+from?” 意为“某人来自哪里？” Where 用于对地点提问。Where are they from? 句型结构为： Where +be+主语+from? 句中的they是第三人称复数,译为他/她/它们,后面的be动词要用are。他们来自哪里？ Where are they from? 他们来自美国。They are from America.他们来自日本吗？Are they from Japan?He is from Japan. / She is from England. 句中的he 和she 是第三人称的单数形式，译为他/她,后面的be动词均用is。 如:他是Kangkang。He is Kangkang. 她来自英国。 She is from England. 10. He is Li Ming. Is he Li Ming? She is from Canada. Is she from Canada? 他们的不同在于都是be（is）动词 的位置发生了变化，同时句子的意思也发生了变化，由陈述语意变成了疑问语意。这就是：be动词的陈述句变一般疑问句的变法：将be 动词提前。一般疑问句的回答:事实是肯定的就用yes 回答，事实是否定的就用no回答。11. a和an的区别a/an被称作不定冠词，用在单数可数名词前，表达某一个人或事物中的一个，相当于汉语的“一”， 但不强调数目概念。1) a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。 例如：a book， a desk2) an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前。 例如：an egg， an apple12. 单数复数主格be动词主格be动词第一人称Iamweare第二人称youareyouare第三人称he /she /itis /is/istheyare13.人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主 格IweyouyouhesheitThey宾 格meusyouyouhimherit主格定把主语作，宾格作宾不会错。14.单数复数近指人或物this 这these 这些远指人或物that 那those 那些15.Whats this/that in English? Its a/an What are these/those? They areIs this/that a/an? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. Are these/those? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. 16. 可数名词复数变形规则：1) 在一般情况下直接在词尾加-s; 例如: deskdesks penpens pencilpencils carcars appleapples teacherteachers2) 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的单词在词尾加-es; 例如: boxboxes (盒子） busbuses （公共汽车） watchwatches (手表） classclasses (班级） 17. hairlong, short nose long, short, big, small feet big, small eyes big, small mouth wide, small legs long, short ears long, short face round, long, short hands big, small arms long, short 18. Whose cap is it，then? 那么，它是谁的帽子呢？ Its Sallys.是莎莉的。 这是由疑问词whose引导的一个特殊疑问句。whose意为“谁的”，表示所属关系，在句中既可单独使用，也可与名词连用；其答语用名词性物主代词或名词所有格。如： Whose T-shirt is this? = Whose is this T-shirt? Its hers. / Its Sallys.名词所有格相当于汉语中“的”。其构成方式有两种： 1）一般在单数名词后加 s 。如：Janes2) 以s结尾的单词的复数名词直接加 。 如：the students3) of 短语也可以用来表示所属关系。如：a map of China 一幅中国地图注意：Kate and Lucys room 凯特和露西的房间(两人共有的房间）；Kates and Lucys rooms 凯特的房间和露西的房间（两人各自的房间）。 19. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 我的 mine = my + n. 你的 yours = your + n. 他的 his = his + n. 她的 hers = her + n.它的 its = its + n. 我们的 ours = our + n. 你们的 yours = your + n. 他们的 theirs = their + n.形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别：前者有名词的含义，后面需跟名词；后者可单独使用，相当于对应的形容词性物主代词加名词。20. Could you please tell me your name?Could you please+动词原形？你能.吗？ Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 好的，没有问题。 Sorry.不好意思，不行。21. help sb. with sth./(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事E.g.I often help Jane with her Chinese. I often help Jane study Chinese. 我经常帮助Jane学习汉语。 22. want to do sth. 想要做某事 如：I want to buy some toys.want sth. 想要某物 如：He wants a pair of shoes.23. Many students in our class like English a lot, but I like it a little.a lot 意为“很，非常（表示程度）”， 相当于very much 如：Thanks a lot for your help.a little意为“一点点”。如：The book helps me a little with my English.24. 名词 1)可数名词 2)不可数名词可数名词： cake eggapplebanana vegetable pencil car (some+可数名词) some cakes/eggs/vegetables不可数名词：fish bread meat rice chicken milk water tea (some+不可数名词) some fish/milk/rice 25. I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. have 在此处是“吃，喝”的意思。如：have for breakfast/lunch/dinner早饭/午饭/晚饭吃/喝 26. May I take your order, sir?(1) take ones order意为“记下某人点的菜”。如：The waiter comes over to take my order.(2) sir 意为“先生，阁下”，是对不相识的男士、男上司、男性长辈或从事某一职务的男士的尊称，一般不与姓连用。如对方是女性，则用madam。27. What about ? =How about ? 怎么样?用来询问情况或提出建议。如：What/How about that skirt? What/How about having a picnic this Sunday?28. Why not 动词原形？ 为什么不？用来向对方提供建议。如：Why not buy this coat? Why not have some fish or eggs?29. I want to buy some clothes for my daughter. 我想为我女儿买些衣服。 buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物如：She wants to buy some flowers for me. = She wants to buy me some flowers.30. Can I try it on? 我可以试穿一下吗？try on 试穿 （如宾语是代词，放中间） 如：The shoes are nice. Please try them on.31. How much is it? 多少钱？ how much is/are ? 多少钱？如：How much are the shoes?Theyre 165 yuan.32. 基数词，不难记，十二以内词各异；13数到19去，后加 -teen，莫忘记；20、30至90，整十之后有 -ty /ti /；要说基数“几十几”，连字符号“-”别丢弃；one/a hundred 是“一百”，请你记住别大意。33. 食 物 面 包 大 米 饭，(food, bread, rice)；牛 奶 茶 水 橘 汁 甜，(milk, tea, orange juice)；家 务 工 作 作 业 多，(housework, work, homework)；幸 福 生 活 鱼 肉 鲜；(happiness, life, fish, meat)。34. some 与 any 的用法 I want to buy some clothes for my daughter. How about some bread?Oh, we dont have any milk. Do you have any vegetables?35. She isnt in now. in副词。在家，相当于at home。36. I have to cook. have to必须，不得不。后接动词原形。37. Id like that, but Im sorry I have no time. Im sorry很遗憾。常接从句。没有时间38. 时间的表达方式直接表述 1:15 one fifteen =one O fifteen借助past和to表述 当分钟数小于或等于三十分钟时，用past。 如：10:10 ten past ten 7:15 a quarter past seven4:30 half past four 当分钟数超过三十分钟时，用 to。如：1:55 five to two 5:45 a quarter to six39. on ones way home=on ones way to + 名词40. 现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。肯定句式: 主+ be(am/is/are)+doing +其它。 否定句式: 主+am/ is/ are+ not +doing+其它。 疑问句式：Am/Is/Are+主+doing+其它？ 特殊疑问形式：What+ am/ is/ are+主+ doing +其它？ 41. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing wash catch washing catching 以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing make ride making riding 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加-ing sit get sitting getting 42. Here are some photos of his. photos of his 双重所有格，his 在此用作名词性物主代词。 43. He looks happy because he loves swimming. love doing sth.44. I also want to visit it one day. also与too都表示“也”，also常用于句中，too 用于句末。45. Why do you like it? Because its interesting. why常用来询问原因，表示“为什么？”,常用because来回答。46. What do you think of? = How do you like ? 你认为怎么样？47. You must like English very much. 你一定很喜欢英语。must 在这里表示很有把握的猜测，“一定，必定”。48. I dont like it very much. 我不太喜欢（它）。not very much 不太，不是非常49. School Times 学校时报50. I can learn a lot from it. learn.from. 向.学习51. Thank you for your hard work！ hard adj. 努力的，辛苦的52. There be 句型 : 某处有某人或某物53. There be 名词 某处（介词短语） is 可数名词单数或不可数名词 are 可数名词复数肯定句: There is/are+主语+其它。 否定句: There is/are+not+主语+其它。 一般疑问句: -Is/Are there+主语+其它？-Yes, there is/are. -No, there isnt/arent. 54. in front of 表示在某人或某物的前面，指自身以外的前面；而in the front of 表示在某物的内部的前面。55. put+n.+away=put+away+n. put+pron.+away 56. play + 球类 e.g. play basketballplay + 乐器 e.g. play the guitarplay + games e.g. play computer gamesplay with + sth e.g. play with a pen57. There be 与 have/has 的区别 There be 侧重 “存在关系”, 表示“某地或某时间存在某人/某物” 。如: There is a book on the desk. have/has侧重 “所属关系” ，表示“某人/某物拥有”。如：She has some interesting books.58. There are no houses on the right, . no 在此作形容词，相当于 not a/an 或 not any “没有, 无”。e.g. There is no book on the desk.= There isnt a book on the desk.I have no money in my wallet. = I dont have any money in my wallet.59. Are there any near here? any 在句中用作代词，指代stores,以避免与前文重复。60. They are all kind to each other.be kind to 对.友好 61. There are a lot of tall buildings . a lot of = lots of = many/muche.g. There are a lot of children under the tree. (=many) There is a lot of water in the bottle. (=much)62. close to far from63. be kilometers away from 离有公里远 64. How far is your home from your school? My home is two kilometers away from my school.65. 祈使句祈使句表示请求、命令、建议，句子通常不带主语，谓语动词用原形。肯定形式一般以动词原形开头，其否定形式是在谓语动词前加do not或dont。 Dont drive too fast. Stop when the light is red. Turn right. Dont park here. Be careful! Dont play on the street. Dont ride on the sidewalk. Dont drive after drinking.66. Its good to do sth. 做(某事)是好的E.g. Its good to help parents do the housework. 67. 基变序 有规律onefirst twosecond threethird 一、二、三 单独记fourfourth th要从四加起eighteighth nineninth 八去t,九去efivefifth twelvetwelfth ve要用f来代替twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth 几十改y为ietwenty-onetwenty-first thirty-fourthirty-fourth 若遇几十几，只变个位就可以68. He cant see anything any more. not.any more 不再.69. 1.一般过去时的概念 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用, 如：last year, yesterday等； 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频度副词连用。 Eg:I saw him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。Li Mei always went to school on foot last year.去年李梅总是步行上学。 2. 一般过去时的构成 动词过去式的构成： (1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则： 一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。 末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。 (2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。 3. 一般过去时的几种句型 肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+其他.Example：He went to the toy store yesterday. 否定句：主语+did not (didnt)+动词原形+其他. Example：He didnt go to the toy store yesterday.一般疑问句：Did 主语 动词原形 其他？Example: -Did you go to Beijing last week? -Yes, we did. (No, we didnt.) 特殊疑问句：疑问词did 主语动词原形其他？ Example: What did you do last night? 4. 一般过去时口诀 一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。 动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。 否定句很简单，didnt 站在动词原形前，其他部分不要变。 一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其他部分依次站。 特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。 最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。 -ed /t/ /d/ /Id/ 清辅音后发清辅音/t/;浊辅音、元音后发浊辅音/d/;/t/d/后面发/Id/.70. 归纳：名词 形容词（1）名词+y （2）双写末尾的辅音字母+y71. 正是干某事的最好时间。 Whats the best time to go there? It is the best time to do sth.72. I think you can go anytime. The weather there is always fine all year round. anytime意为“在任何时候，随便什么时候” all year round “一年到头”73. You shouldnt miss Xishuangbanna. should, 情态动词, 意为 “应该”, 表示劝告, 建议、命令等。否定形式为shouldnt。74. How are you doing?/How are you?75. watch sb. do sth. 看见某人常做某事watch sb. doing sth. 看见某人（正在）做某事76. one of +名词复数/宾格+谓语单数 其中之一 Example:其中一个女孩喜欢打篮球。One of the girls likes playing basketball.77. What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to be going to 用于一般将来时，表示打算，计划去做某事。Eg: 我们明天打算去野炊。We are going to go for a picnic.78. She spends half an hour exercising in the gym every day. spend doing sth. 花费时间金钱做某事Eg: 他每天花半小时玩电脑游戏。He spends half an hour playing computer games every day.spend on sth. 在某事上花费时间或金钱这本书花了我爸爸50元。My father spent fifty yuan on this book.79. She is also good at jumping. be good at sth./doing sth.擅长于某事/做某事 Eg: Mary擅长于跳舞。Mary is good at dancing.80. She is going to take part in the high jump. take part in 参加 Eg: 你要参加学校运动会吗？Are you going to take part in the school sports meet.81. But one of my teammates fell ill. fall ill 得病 be ill 生病了，强调状态Eg: 上星期天我妹妹生病了。My sister fell ill last Sunday. 别太累了，否则你会生病的。Dont be too tired, or you will be ill.82. Would you mind teaching me?Would you mind doing sth.？ 你介意做某事吗？ Would you mind not doing sth.?你介意不要做某事吗？Eg: 你介意不要在这里吸烟吗？Would you mind not smoking here?你介意把窗户打开吗？Would you mind opening the window?83. I will kick you the ball again.这是含有双宾语的句子。kick sb. sth.=kick sth. to sb. 类似用法的动词有：pass, give, bring, takeI kick the ball to you.= I kick you the ball.You pass me the ball like this.= You pass the ball to me like this.Eg: 请把书包拿给我。 Please bring me the schoolbag.=Please bring the schoolbag to me.不要把钱给他。Dont give the money to him.=Dont give him the money.84. Michael doesnt do well in soccer but he did his best. do ones best = try ones best 尽力，努力 Eg:我会尽力帮助你的。Ill do my best to help you.85. Dont be angry with each other.be angry with sb. 对某人生气Eg:请不要总是生别人的气。Dont be always angry with others, please.86. What about saying sorry to Michael? ay hello/sorry/thanks/goodbye to sb. 对某人问候/道歉/道谢/道别 87. Keep trying! keep (sb.) doing sth. 使（某人）不停地做某事88. You are sure to have more fun.你们一定会玩的更高兴！be sure to do sth. 肯定要做某事89. Please give me the book. = Please give the book to me. give + sb.+sth. = give + sth. + to +sb. Sb.直接宾语 Sth.间接宾语You can also pass the ball to a teammate.Please throw the ball to me.My dad bought my brother a basketball.Bring a present for Peter.I made my grandfather a big cake.You can also pass a teammate the ball.Please throw me the ball.My dad bought a basketball for my brother.Bring Peter a present.I made a big cake for my grandfather.90. Basketball is one of the most popular sports in one of + 可数名词复数： “之一”，该短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。Eg: 我最喜欢的歌手之一是周笔畅。One of my favorite singers is Zhou Bichang.91. so that: 目的是，为了。后面加句子。 It was an indoor game so that students could play in bad weather.Eg: 他们很早起床是为了赶上早班车。They get up early so that they can catch the early bus.The goal is to stop the other team from doing so.92. stop from doing sth. 意为：阻止做某事Eg: 糟糕的天气可能阻碍我们打篮球。The bad weather may stop us from playing basketball.93. Its more important for you and other players to play as a team. 对于你和你的队友来说，团队协作更重要。Its + adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 意为：对某人做某事很94. Will you take part in the school sports meet? 由“will+动词原形”构成的一般将来时，表示未来的事实或对将来的预测。 Eg:我们明天会去野炊。We will go for a picnic tomorrow一般疑问句：Will you go for a picnic tomorrow? 肯定回答：Yes, we will. 否定回答： No, we wont. 95. I will take part in the boys 800-metre race. take part in + 活动，表示“参加某种活动” = join in be in : 参加某种活动，强调状态。Eg: 我们明天会参加你的生日晚会。 We will take part in your birthday party tomorrow.= We will join in your birthday party tomorrow.96. The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games. a symbol of : 的象征Eg: 白鸽是和平的象征。he white dove is a symbol of peace.97. The five rings stand for the five parts of the world. stand for : 代表着Eg: 在中国，红色代表着幸运。 Red stands for luck in China.98. Whats wrong with you? =whats the matter with you? 你怎么了？ 99. You should see a dentist. should/shouldnt 应该/不应该Eg: 我们应该吃多点水果。We should eat more fruits. 你不应该在这里吸烟。You shouldnt smoke here.100. I must ask him to give up smoking. ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事Eg: 我妈妈叫我晚上不要外出。 My mother asks me not to go out at night.101. give up sth./doing sth. 放弃某事/做某事Eg: 我不会放弃我的计划。 I wont give up my plan.102. enough adj. 足够的，既可以放在名词之前，也可以放在名词之后。Eg：Do you have enough money/money enough to buy it? There are enough people / people enough to do the work. adv. 足够地 ，放在形容词或副词之后。Eg：Its good enough, I think. If you get up early enough, you will catch the bus.103. Her mother always forced her to drink it. force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事Eg: 这老板常常强迫工人工作12小时。This boss often forces the workers to work for 12 hours.104. As soon as Michael saw it, he got mad. as soon as 一 就 (引导时间状语从句）Eg: 我一到北京就打电话给你。 I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.105. His mother made him taste it. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事Eg: 妈妈总是让我学习英语。 My mother always makes me study English.106. He was surprised to find that it was delicious. be surprised to do sth. 对做某事很惊讶Eg: 她很惊讶地发现她的新自行车不见了。 She was surprised to find that her new bike was lost.107. Must we go to see a doctor at once when we have the flu ?肯定回答： Yes, we must. 否定回答： No, we neednt. / No, we dont have to. 注：此处不能用 mustnt (禁止；不准)回答 Eg: Must I finish my homework now ? No, you neednt. / No，you dont have to.108. I am afraid he is busy right now. be afraid + 句子 恐怕恐怕他们没时间打篮球了。 I am afraid they have no time to play basketball.109. need to do sth. 需要做某事每个人都需要遵守交通规则。Everyone needs to obey the traffic rules.110. Its necessary for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是有必要的对我们来说，学好英语是有必要的。Its necessary for us to learn English well.111. on the other hand 另一方面在另一方面，喝酒会带来很多疾病。On the other hand, drinking can cause many illnesses.112. stay away from sth. 远离某物/某事老师告诉我们要远离毒品。The teacher tells us to stay away from drugs.113. say no to sth. 对说不Everyone should say no to wars.114. need to do sth. 需要做某事每个人都需要天天运动。Everyone needs to exercise everyday.115. spend time/money on sth. 花费时间金钱在某事上 spend time/money doing sth. 花费时间金钱做某事人们不应该花费太多时间玩游戏。We shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. I spent 30 yuan on this book.116. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买东西117. instead of 代替Eg:我会代替你去参加晚会。I will go to the party instead of you.118. Rest until you feel better. until：直到Eg:我做作业直到我妈妈回家。I did my homework until my mother came home.119. in ones free time/ in his free time/in his spare time /in my free time/in my spare time What do you often do in your free time ?在你的空闲时间你经常干什么？ Eg: 我爸爸在空闲时间去打篮球。 My father goes to play basketball. 我经常在空闲时间去旅游。I often go traveling.120. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 love doing sth. 喜欢做某事 And I enjoy reading stories and listening to music. I love reciting poems. Eg: 我喜欢唱歌，我妹妹喜欢跳舞。I enjoy singing and my sister loves dancing.121. do some outdoor activities 做些户外活动