机械类外文翻译【FY030】柔性制造系统【中英文WORD】【中文2600字】
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外文资料翻译 1 / 4 柔性制造系统 柔性制造系统 (FMS)系指具有自动化程度高的制造系统。目前所谈及的 FMS通常是指在批量切削加工中以先进的自动化和高水平的柔性为目标的制造系统。随着社会对产品多样化、低制造成本及短制造周期等需求日趋迫切, FMS 发展颇为迅速,并且由于微电子技术、计算机技术、通信技术、机械与控制设备的发展,也促使柔性制造技术日臻成熟, 80 年代后,制造业自动化进入一个崭新时代,即基于计算机的集成制造 (CIMS)时代, FMS 已成为各工业化国家机械制造自动化的研制发展重点。 一、规模 按规模大小 FMS 可分为如 下 4 类: 1.柔性制造单元 (FMC) FMC 的问世并在生产中使用约比 FMS 晚 68 年,它是由 12 台加工中心、工业机器人、数控机床及物料运送存贮设备构成,具有适应加工多品种产品的灵活性。 FMC 可视为一个规模最小的 FMS,是 FMS 向廉价化及小型化方向发展和一种产物,其特点是实现单机柔性化及自动化,迄今已进入普及应用阶段。 2.柔性制造系统 (FMS) 通常包括 4 台或更多台全自动数控机床 (加工中心与车削中心等 ),由集中的控制系统及物料搬运系统连接起来,可在不停机的情况下实现多品种、中小批量的加工及管理。 3.柔性制造线 (FML) 它是处于单一或少品种大批量非柔性自动线与中小批量多品种 FMS 之间的生产线。其加工设备可以是通用的加工中心、 CNC 机床;亦可采用专用机床或NC 专用机床,对物料搬运系统柔性的要求低于 FMS,但生产率更高。它是以离散型生产中的柔性制造系统和连续生产过程中的分散型控制系统 (DCS)为代表,其特点是实现生产线柔性化及自动化,其技术已日臻成熟,迄今已进入实用化阶段。 4.柔性制造工厂 (FMF) FMF 是将多条 FMS 连接起来,配以自动化立体仓库,用计算机系 统进行联系,采用从订货、设计、加工、装配、检验、运送至发货的完整 FMS。它包括了 CAD/CAM,并使计算机集成制造系统 (CIMS)投入实际,实现生产系统柔性化及自动化,进而实现全厂范围的生产管理、产品加工及物料贮运进程的全盘化。nts外文资料翻译 2 / 4 FMF 是自动化生产的最高水平,反映出世界上最先进的自动化应用技术。它是将制造、产品开发及经营管理的自动化连成一个整体,以信息流控制物质流的智能制造系统 (IMS)为代表,其特点是实现工厂柔性化及自动化。 二、关键技术 1.计算机辅助设计 未来 CAD 技术发展将会引入专家 系统,使之具有智能化,可处理各种复杂的问题。当前设计技术最新的一个突破是光敏立体成形技术,该项新技术是直接利用 CAD 数据,通过计算机控制的激光扫描系统,将三维数字模型分成若干层二维片状图形,并按二维片状图形对池内的光敏树脂液面进行光学扫描,被扫描到的液面则变成固化塑料,如此循环操作,逐层扫描成形,并自动地将分层成形的各片状固化塑料粘合在一起,仅需确定数据,数小时内便可制出精确的原型。它有助于加快开发新产品和研制新结构的速度。 2.模糊控制技术 模糊数学的实际应用是模糊控制器。最近开发出的高性能模糊 控制器具有自学习功能,可在控制过程中不断获取新的信息并自动地对控制量作调整,使系统性能大为改善,其中尤其以基于人工神经网络的自学方法更引起人们极大的关注。 3.人工智能、 专家系统及智能传感器技术 迄今, FMS 中所采用的人工智能大多指基于规则的专家系统。专家系统利用专家知识和推理规则进行推理,求解各类问题 (如解释、预测、诊断、查找故障、设计、计划、监视、修复、命令及控制等 )。由于专家系统能简便地将各种事实及经验证过的理论与通过经验获得的知识相结合,因而专家系统为 FMS 的诸方面工作增强了柔性。展望未来,以知识密集为特征,以知识处理为手段的人工智能 (包括专家系统 )技术必将在 FMS(尤其智能型 )中起着关键性的作用。人工智能在未来 FMS 中将发挥日趋重要的作用。目前用于 FMS 中的各种技术,预计最有发展前途的 仍是人工智能。预计到 21 世纪初,人工智能在 FMS 中的应用规模将要比目前大 4 倍。智能制造技术 (IMT)旨在将人工智能融入制造过程的各个环节,借助模拟专家的智能活动,取代或延伸制造环境中人的部分脑力劳动。在制造过程,系统能自动监测其运行状态,在受到外界或内部激励时能自动调节其参数,以达到最佳工作状态,具备自组织能力。故 IMT 被称为未来 21 世纪的制造技术。对未来智能化 FMS 具有重要意义的一个正在急速发展的领域是智能传nts外文资料翻译 3 / 4 感器技术。该项技术是伴随计算机应用技术和人工智能而产生的,它使传感器具有内在的 “决策 ”功能。 4.人工神经网络技术 人工神经网络 (ANN)是模拟智能生物的神经网络对信息进行并行处理的一种方法。故人工神经网络也就是一种人工智能工具。在自动控制领域,神经网络不久将并列于专家系统和模糊控制系统,成为现代自支化系统中的一个组成部分。 三、发展趋势 1.FMC 将成为发展和应用的热门技术 这是因为 FMC 的投资比 FMS 少得多而经济效益相接近,更适用于财力有限的中小型企业。目前国外众多厂家将 FMC 列为发展之重。 2.发展效率更高的 FML 多品种大批量的生产企业如汽车及拖拉机等工 厂对 FML的需求引起了 FMS制造厂的极大关注。采用价格低廉的专用数控机床替代通用的加工中心将是FML 的发展趋势。 3.朝多功能方向发展 由单纯加工型 FMS 进一步开发以焊接、装配、检验及钣材加工乃至铸、锻等制造工序兼具的多种功能 FMS。 FMS 是实现未来工厂的新颖概念模式和新的发展趋势,是决定制造企业未来发展前途的具有战略意义的举措。目前反映工厂整体水平的 FMS 是第一代 FMS, 90 年代此种状况仍将会持续下去,日本从 1991年开始实施的 “智能制造系统 ”(IMS)国际性开发项目,属于第二代 FMS;而真 正完善的第二代 FMS 预计至 21 世纪才会实现。届时,智能化机械与人之间将相互融合、柔性地全面协调从接受订单货至生产、销售这一企业生产经营的全部活动。 80 年代中期以来, FMS 获得迅猛发展,几乎成了生产自动化之热点。一方面是由于单项技术如 NC 加工中心、工业机器人、 CAD/CAM、资源管理及高度技术等的发展,提供了可供集成一个整体系统的技术基础;另一方面,世界市场发生了重大变化,由过去传统、相对稳定的市场,发展为动态多变的市场,为了从市场中求生存、求发展,提高企业对市场需求的应变能力,人们开始探索新的生产方 法和经营模式。近年来, FMS 作为一种现代化工业生产的科学 “哲理 ”和工厂自动化的先进模式已为国际上所公认,可以这样认为: FMS 是在自动化技术、信息技术及制造技术的基础,将以往企业中相互独立的工程设计、生产制造nts外文资料翻译 4 / 4 及经营管理等过程,在计算机及其软件的支撑下,构成一个覆盖整个企业的完整而有机的系统,以实现全局动态最优化,总体高效益、高柔性,并进而赢得竞争全胜的智能制造系统。 FMS 作为当今世界制造自动化技术发展的前沿科技,为未来机构制造工厂提供了一幅宏伟的蓝图,将成为 21 世纪机构制造业的主要生产模式。 nts 外文资料翻译 1 The flexible manufacturing system 柔性制造系统 The flexible manufacturing system(FMS) train points to have the high manufacturing system of the automation degree.The FMS speak about usually means in the lot size, batch size machining of metals currently with the forerunners automation and Gao level of flexible is the manufacturing system of target.Along with society to product diversification, the low manufacturing cost and short manufacturing periods etc.s need be gradually urgent, the FMS deveolps very and quickly, and because of micro-electronics technique, calculator technique, correspondence technique, machinery and the development of controlgear, also urge flexible manufacturing technique day attain mature, in 80s after, the manufacturing industry automation gets into for a brand-new ages, namely according to calculator of integrated manufacturing(CIMS) ages, the FMS has become the national machinery manufacturing of each industrialization to automate of develop and deveolp point. 柔性制造系统 (FMS)系指具有自动化程度高的制 造系统。目前所谈及的 FMS通常是指在批量切削加工中以先进的自动化和高水平的柔性为目标的制造系统。随着社会对产品多样化、低制造成本及短制造周期等需求日趋迫切, FMS发展颇为迅速,并且由于微电子技术、计算机技术、通信技术、机械与控制设备的发展,也促使柔性制造技术日臻成熟, 80年代后,制造业自动化进入一个崭新时代,即基于计算机的集成制造 (CIMS)时代, FMS已成为各工业化国家机械制造自动化的研制发展重点。 A, scale Press the scale all of the FMSs can be is divided into as follows 4 types: 一、规模 按规模大小 FMS可分为如下 4类: 1.Flexible Manufacturing Cellular(FMC) The FMC publish and use to invite ratio FMS night in the manufacturing for 68 years, it is processed a centre, industrial robot by 12 and counts to control engine bed and material carrying to save to store equipments composing and have an adaptation to process have another species product of vivid.The FMC can be regarded as a FMS with minimum scale, is a FMS to cheap turn and small scaled turn direction nts 外文资料翻译 2 development and a kind of outcome, its characteristics is to carry out single machine flexible turn and automate, have already get into up to the present universal application step. 1.柔性制造单元 (FMC) FMC 的问世并在生产中使用约比 FMS 晚 68 年,它是由 12 台加工中心、工业机器人、数控机床及物料运送存贮设备构成,具有适应加工多品种产品的灵活性。 FMC 可视为一个规模最小的 FMS,是 FMS 向廉价化及小型化方向发展和一种产物,其特点是实现单机柔性化及自动化,迄今已进入普及应用阶段。 2.Flexible Manufacturing System(FMS) Usually include 4 or more full-automatic numbers to control engine bed(process centre and truning centre etc.), from concentrate the handling system of control system and material to connect, can under the sistuation that not shut down realization have another species, in process of small lot size, batch size and manage. 2.柔性制造系统 (FMS) 通常包括 4台或更多台全自动数控机床 (加工中心与车削中心等 ),由集中的控制系统及物料搬运系统连接起来,可在不停机的情况下实现多品种、中小批量的加工及管理。 3.Flexible Manufacturing Line(FML) It is be placed in the quantisty not- flexible and automatic line of single or little species large quantity with medium small lot size, batch size have another of species FMS of manufacturing line.It processes an equipments and can be an in general use earth, ground to process a centre, CNC engine bed;May also adopt definite purpose engine bed or NC definite purpose engine bed, have low request at the FMS to the system flexible earth, ground of the material handling, but the rate of manufacturing be higher.It with the long-lost type produce medium flexible manufacturing system with connect the control system(DCS) of the dispersion type within manufacturing line is representative, its characteristics is to carry out manufacturing line flexible turn and automate, its technique already the day attain mature, have already got into application to turn step up to the present. 3.柔性制造 线 (FML) 它是处于单一或少品种大批量非柔性自动线与中小批量多品种 FMS 之间nts 外文资料翻译 3 的生产线。其加工设备可以是通用的加工中心、 CNC 机床;亦可采用专用机床或 NC 专用机床,对物料搬运系统柔性的要求低于 FMS,但生产率更高。它是以离散型生产中的柔性制造系统和连续生产过程中的分散型控制系统 (DCS)为代表,其特点是实现生产线柔性化及自动化,其技术已日臻成熟,迄今已进入实用化阶段。 4.Flexible Manufacturing Factory(FMF) The FMF connects several FMSs, go together with to automate stereoscopic storehouse, use the progress contact of the calculator system, adoption from order, design, process, assemble, examine, deliver to hair goods of complete FMS.It included CAD/CAM, and make calculator integrated to make system(CIMS) devotion physically, realization manufacturing the system be flexible to turn and automate and then carry out whole plant the manufacturing control, product of the scope to process and the material store completely turn of the luck progress.The FMF is the tallest level that the automation produce and the reflection is most born the top of the boundary the forerunners automation application a technique.It is manufacturing, product development and management the automation of management connect into one whole, with information stream control substance stream of intelligence manufacturing system(IMS) is representative, its characteristics is to carry out works flexible turn and automate. 4.柔性制造工厂 (FMF) FMF 是将多条 FMS 连接起来,配以自动化立体仓库,用计算机系统进行联系,采用从订货、设计、加工、装配、检验、运送至发货的完整 FMS。它包括了 CAD/CAM,并使计算机集成制造系统 (CIMS)投入实际,实现生产系统柔性化及自动化,进而实现全厂范围的生产管理、产品加工及物料贮运进程的全盘化。FMF 是自动化生产的最高水平,反映出世界上最先进的自动化应用技术。它是将制造、产品开发及经营管理的自动化连成一个整体,以信息流控制物质流的智能制造系统 (IMS)为代表,其特点是实现工厂柔性化 及自动化。 Two, key technique 二、关键技术 1.Computer Aided Design, CAD nts 外文资料翻译 4 The CAD technique development will lead into the expert system in the future, make it have intelligence to turn, can treat various complicated question.At present design a latest of the technique breakthrough is that the light is quick stereoscopic forming technique, that the new technique be directly to make use of CAD data and pass a computer control of laser scanning system, be divided into some lamellas:3D numerical pattern a two-dimensional flake form sketch, and press the two-dimensional flake form sketch to carry on an optics scanning to the quick resin liquid surface of the light in the bath, is scan of the liquid surface then becomes curing plastics, thus circularly operate, pursue lamella to scan to take shape, and of oneself glue the each flake form curing plastics that the delamination take shape to match together and only need certain data, then can make a prototype of precision in few hours.It contributes to quickly developping new product and developping the speed of new structure. 1.计算机辅助设计 未来 CAD技术发展将会引入专家系统,使之具有智能化,可处理各种复杂的问题。当前设计技术最新的一个突破是光敏立体成形技术,该项新技术是直接利用 CAD数据,通过计算机控制的激光扫描系统,将三维数字模型分成若干层二维片状图形,并按二维片状图形对池内的光敏树脂液面进行光学扫描,被扫描到的液面则变成固化塑料,如此循环操作,逐层扫描成形,并自动地将分层成形的各片状固化塑料粘合在一起,仅需确定数据,数小时内便可制出精确的原型。它有助于加快开发新产品和研制新结构的速度。 2.Fuzzy control technique The actual application of misty mathematics is a fuzzy control machine.The high performance fuzzy control apparatus which develops recently has from the study function, can in the process of control in continuously obtain a new information and of oneself make an adjustment to the control quantisty, make system function greatly in order to improve, among them particularly with according to artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN of self-educated method cause people tremendous concern more. 2.模糊控制技术 模糊数学的实际应用是模糊控制器。最近开发出的高性能模糊控制器具有自学习功能,可在控制过程中不断获取新的信息并自动地对控制量作调整,使nts 外文资料翻译 5 系统性能大为改善,其中尤其以基于人工神经网络的自学方法更引起人们极大的关注。 3.Artificial intelligence, expert system and intelligence transducer technique Up to the present, the artificial intelligence adopt mostly points according to the expert system of rule in the FMS.The expert system makes use of expert knowledge and reasons logically rule progress a reasoning and solve each kind of question.(like explanation, predict, diagnose, check to seek a fault, failure, design, plan, keep watch on, repair, command and control etc.)Because expert system can simplely the theory of various fact and experience certificate super - with pass the knowledge of experience acquisition to combine together, as a result the expert system intensified for the FMS various aspect operate gentle.Prospect a future, with knowledge intensively is characteristic, with the knowledge treat for the artificial intelligence(include expert system) technique of way necessarily will have in the FMS(particularly intelligence type) decisive action.The artificial intelligence is in the future FMS lieutenant general exertive gradually important action.Used for various technique in the FMS currently, anticipate to there is the artificial intelligence of the is still of development prospect most .Anticipate till the beginning of 21 centuries, the artificial intelligence is in the FMS of applied scale will compare currently greatly 400%.The intelligence manufacturing technique(IMT) aim is in the process of integrating the artificial intelligence into the manufacturing each link, ask for help of intelligence of imitate the expert movable, replace or extend a manufacturing environment parts of mental works of the middleman.In the process of make, the system can automatically monitor it to circulate condition, while be subjected to the external world or inner excitation energy the automatic regulation its parameter with attain the best operating state, have self-organization ability.The past IMT is called make of the coming 21 centurieses technique.To the future intelligence turn 1 that the FMS has important meaning is an intelligence transducer in the realm of rapid development now technique.The items technique accompanies with the technique of calculator application and artificial intelligence but creation and it makes the transducer have insidedecision function. 3.人工智能、 专家系统及智能传感器技术 nts 外文资料翻译 6 迄今, FMS中所采用的人工智能大多指基于规则的专家系统。专家系统利用专家知识和推理规则进行推理,求解各类问题 (如解释、预测、诊断、查找故障、设计、计划、监视、修复、命令及控制等 )。由于专家系统能简便地将各种事实及经验证过的理论 与通过经验获得的知识相结合,因而专家系统为 FMS的诸方面工作增强了柔性。展望未来,以知识密集为特征,以知识处理为手段的人工智能 (包括专家系统 )技术必将在 FMS(尤其智能型 )中起着关键性的作用。人工智能在未来 FMS中将发挥日趋重要的作用。目前用于 FMS中的各种技术,预计最有发展前途的仍是人工智能。预计到 21世纪初,人工智能在 FMS中的应用规模将要比目前大 4倍。智能制造技术 (IMT)旨在将人工智能融入制造过程的各个环节,借助模拟专家的智能活动,取代或延伸制造环境中人的部分脑力劳动。在制造过程,系统能自动监测其运 行状态,在受到外界或内部激励时能自动调节其参数,以达到最佳工作状态,具备自组织能力。故 IMT被称为未来 21世纪的制造技术。对未来智能化 FMS具有重要意义的一个正在急速发展的领域是智能传感器技术。该项技术是伴随计算机应用技术和人工智能而产生的,它使传感器具有内在的 “决策 ”功能。 4.Artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN technique The artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN(ANN) is a kind of method that the neural net, neural network which imitates intelligence living creature proceeds together to treat to the information progress.The past artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN is also a kind of artificial intelligence tool.At the automatic control realm, the neural net, neural network soon will be be juxtaposed in expert system and fuzzy control system and become a modern from pay to turn a composition division in the system. 4.人工神经网络技术 人工神经网络 (ANN)是模拟智能生物的神经网络对信息进行并行处理的一种方法。故人工神经网络也就是一种人工智能工具。在自动控制领域,神经网络不久将并列于专家系统和模糊控制系统,成为现代自支化系统中的一个组成部分。 Three, deveolp trend 三、发展趋势 The 1. FMCs will become the popular technique which deveolps and applieds nts 外文资料翻译 7 This is because the FMC investment is much less than the FMS but the economic performance connect near, be applicable to the financial power limited medium small scaled business enterprise more.Numerous foreign plant house lists as FMC to deveolp currently of heavy. 1.FMC 将成为发展和应用的热门技 术 这是因为 FMC的投资比 FMS少得多而经济效益相接近,更适用于财力有限的中小型企业。目前国外众多厂家将 FMC列为发展之重。 2.Deveolp the efficiency higher FML Have another species large quantity the manufacturing business enterprise of the quantisty such as workses such as autocar and tractor etc. to FML of the need caused biggest pay attention to of the FMS manufactery.Adopt the price cheap definite purpose number controls engine bed to act for a process of general purpose a centre and will be a FML development trend. 2.发展效率更高的 FML 多品种大批量的生产企业如汽车及拖拉机等工厂 对 FML的需求引起了FMS制造厂的极大关注。采用价格低廉的专用数控机床替代通用的加工中心将是FML的发展趋势。 3.The dynasty multi-function direction deveolp From the simplicity process the type FMS develops further to weld, assemble, inspection and Ban material process is to manufacturing work prefaces, such as Zhu and Duan.etc. and have of various function FMSs. The FMS is a realization future novel concept mode and new development trend of the works, decide to make raise of the strategic meaning of the have of prospect of the business enterprise future development Cuo.The FMS which reflects the works whole level currently is number generation FMS, in 90s this kind condition still will keep on next go to, Japan comes into force from 1991 ofintelligence manufacturing system(IMS) be international to develop item and belong to the next generation FMS;But real perfect next generation FMSs anticipate would carry out to 21 centuries.Then, the intelligence turns machinery and the persons and will blend mutually and gentlely moderates completely from accept order goods to produce, sale this business enterprise produce the full activity of management. nts 外文资料翻译 8 Since the mid 80s, the FMS acquisition fast fierce development, almost became manufacturing automation of hot spot.On the other hand is because the single-item technique,such as NC, processes the development of centre, industrial robot, CAD/CAM, resources management and high technique etc. and provided to can be provided to integrate a technique foundation of whole system;On the other hand, the world market took place a graveness change, from past tradition, opposite stabilization of market, the development much changes into the dynamic state of the market , for begging existence and begging a development from the market, raise a business enterprise to the market demanding strain ability and people start investigate new manufacturing method and
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