03.14 起落架.doc

3.14 起落架LANDING GEAR LG3.14.1 起落架类型LANDING GEAR TYPE前三点式起落架nose wheel landing gear摇臂式起落架articulated landing gear支柱式起落架telescopic landing gear前起落架Nose Landing Gear NLG主起落架Main Landing Gear MLG机身起落架body landing gear机翼起落架wing landing gear3.14.2 起落架主要部件 MAIN COMPONENTS OF LANDING GEAR 缓冲支柱shock strut液压缓冲支柱hydraulic shock strut油液缓冲支柱oleo shock strut油气缓冲支柱oleo-pneumatic shock strut叉形支柱fork strut（缓冲支柱）外筒（内筒）outer (inner) cylinder阻力支柱drag strut上阻力支柱upper drag strut下阻力支柱lower drag strut侧支柱side brace, side strut辅助（保险）撑杆jury strut游动梁walking beam梁铰链beam hanger防溅板spray deflector过中心连杆overcentre linkage起落架支柱枢轴LG trunnion枢轴销trunnion pin枢轴连杆接头trunnion link attachment枢轴支承座trunnion bearing枢轴支承架trunnion support brackets枢轴梁trunnion beam旋转枢轴pivot trunnion安装螺栓attach bolt起落架保险螺栓LG fuse bolts轴套axle sleeve刮油环scraper ring密封接头seal adapter定中凸轮centering cam加油接头filler plug空心保险销（定位销）hollow dowel pin油量管fluid level tube主油缸master cylinder加注活门charging valve缓冲活门snubbing valve阻尼（节流）孔orifice调节油针metering pin排流管drain tube支承圈back-up ring卡环（开口环）snap ring防尘帽dust cap转动螺套swivel nut弹簧座spring retainer轮轴wheel axle旋转轴pivot axle拉杆linkage拖杆tow bar牵引托架（环）tow lug (eye)碎石挡板gravel deflector千斤顶座jack pad轴盖密封螺母gland nut机轮wheel双胎机轮dual tire wheel前轮nose wheel 主轮main wheel盘式机轮disc landing wheel防滑（防拖胎）机轮antiskid wheel转向轮castor wheel摇臂式起落架机轮levered-suspension wheel轮罩wheel cowl轮胎tyre, tire充气轮胎，航空轮胎air (pneumatic) tire飞机轮胎aircraft (airplane) tire喇叭边轮胎chine tire低压轮胎balloon (low-pressure) tire外胎cover tire双轮胎dual tire, flotation tire瘪胎flat tire高压轮胎high-pressure tire内侧轮胎inner (inside) tire外侧轮胎outer tire主起落架轮胎main landing gear tires中压轮胎medium-pressure tire无内胎轮胎tubeless tire有内胎轮胎tube-type tire轮毂hub轮毂盖hub cap外轮毂盖整流罩outboard hubcap fairing防尘盖dust cover轮毂盖主动联轴节hub cap drive coupling轮胎前束toe-in放气塞bleed plug起落架位置指示器LG position indicator机轮阻尼器wheel snubber (damper)减摆器shimmy damper3.14.3 起落架锁紧机构GEAR LOCK MECHANISM锁紧撑杆lock brace锁紧弹簧筒lock spring bungee锁紧作动筒lock actuator目视锁紧指示器visual lock indicator锁紧连杆lock link起落架上位锁landing gear uplock起落架下位锁landing gear downlock上位锁滚轮uplock roller上位锁钩uplock hook上位锁连杆uplock link上位锁弹簧筒uplock spring bungee上位锁操作顺序活门uplock operated sequence valve起落架保险销gear safety pin下位锁保险销downlock pin地面锁销ground lock pin警告飘带warning streamer地面扰流板旁通活门GRD spoiler bypass valve3.14.4 前起落架机轮转弯 操纵系统NLG WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM转弯操纵手轮steering hand wheel转弯操纵活门steering valve转弯作动筒steering actuator转弯调节活门steering metering valve活门控制曲柄valve control crank活塞定位弧座piston position quadrant活塞定位弹簧筒piston position spring cartridge旋转活门swivel valve活门调节曲柄valve control crank转弯转接弧座steering interconnect quadrant旋转轴密封装置swivel gland转弯安装环steering collar转弯操纵手柄steering tilter handle转弯操纵曲柄steering crank转弯操纵钢索steering control cable离合器曲柄clutch crank离合器曲柄挡块clutch crank stop离合器曲柄连杆（臂）clutch arm离合器线轴和偏心轮drum and eccentric前轮转向液压系统nose wheel steering hydraulic system前轮转向机构减摆器steer damper缓冲补偿器snubbing compensator限流器restrictor定位器positioner平衡器equalizer调节活门metering valve差动臂differential arm差动装置differential assembly减震（缓冲）器shock absorber减压活门relief valve定压（优先）活门priority valve膨胀圈（补偿器）compensator提升活门poppet valve流量限制器flow limiter增压器booster减压器debooster蓄压器accumulator3.14.5 起落架操纵机构LANDING GEAR CONTROL MECHANISM起落架收放机构LG retraction/extension mechanism起落架手动放下机构LG manual extension mechanism起落架放下操纵机构LG extension handle操纵钢索护板cable guard上位锁释放杆uplock release rod上位锁释放弹簧uplock release spring操纵杆弧座组件quadrant assembly弧座支承quadrant support复原弹簧return spring弧座组件曲柄quadrant assy crank起落架操纵开关landing gear control valve起落架操纵杆landing gear control lever起落架操纵杆位置开关LG control lever position switch起落架选择活门LG selector valve过量操纵掣板override trigger开关致动器switch actuator电磁锁solenoid lock起落架电操纵机构LG electrical control mechanism上/下位锁传感器uplock/downlock sensor传感器致动器sensor actuator地面安全传感器ground safety sensor空中安全传感器air safety sensor空中/地面传感测试开关air/ground sensing test switch主传感器primary sensor辅助传感器secondary sensor临界探测器proximity detector起落架警告喇叭LG warning horn3.14.6 起落架舱门操纵机构 CONTROL MECHANISM OF LG DOOR门固定杆door attach rod门联动杆door linkage rod门致动器door actuator门致动杆door actuator rod接地凸耳grounding lug差动器differential径向拉杆radius rod开门手柄release handle防撞臂（板）striker arm (plate)门操纵顺序活门door operated sequence valve门安全活门door safety valve开槽板，锯齿形板serrated plate3.14.7 起落架刹车装置LANDING GEAR BRAKE正常刹车normal braking自动刹车autobraking极限应急刹车ultimate emergency braking有效刹车effective braking过度刹车excessive braking倒退刹车reversed braking猛刹车hard braking, heavy braking差动刹车differential braking自动防拖胎刹车antiskid braking着陆刹车landing braking机轮刹车wheel braking起飞滑行刹车takeoff taxiing braking地面滑行刹车ground taxiing braking正常刹车装置normal brake自动刹车装置automatic brake应急刹车装置emergency brake机轮刹车装置wheel brake辅助刹车装置auxiliary brake倒退刹车装置reversed brake停放刹车装置parking brake气压刹车装置compressed-air brake液压刹车装置hydraulic brake油液气压刹车装置oleo-pneumatic brake气动刹车装置pneumatic brake电动刹车装置electrically-operated brake圆盘式刹车装置disc brake差动刹车装置differential brake强制冷却刹车装置forced cooled brake手刹车装置lever brake, hand brake脚刹车装置pedal brake, foot brake快速刹车装置quick-acting brake机轮停转刹车装置（用于起落架收上时）spin brake保险闸safety brake电磁闸electromagnetic brake刹车组件brake assembly刹车盘brake disc刹车胎expander tube刹车块brake block刹车弯块（闸瓦）brake shoe安装法兰盘mounting flange压力缸pressure cylinder刹车转片组件rotor assembly转片衬垫rotor lining转片驱动键rotor drive key刹车垫brake lining摩擦圆盘friction wheel刹车定片组件stator plate assembly刹车定片stator 定片衬垫stator lining摩擦衬套friction bushing平衡块balance weight机轮垫片wheel spacer隔热屏heat shield刹车壳体（扭力管）torque tube扭力臂torque arm刹车复原弹簧return spring自动调节器automatic adjuster自动调节器壳体auto adjuster housing调节销adjuster pin托架carrier assembly刹车偏心轮brake eccentric wheel偏心销eccentric pin刹车磨损指示器（检查销）brake wear indicator, brake wear pin压力板pressure plate弹簧销spring pin固定环retainer ring抛油环flinger ring锁环locking ring主动联轴节drive coupling刹车推杆brake push rod锁杆lock shaft系杆tie rod曲拐(直角杠杆）bell crank垫片spacer衬片gasket衬套sleeve安装销rigging pin温度插塞thermal plug放气口bleed port放气活门bleed valve放气接头bleed fitting, drain fitting纵向摆动阻尼器pitch damper偏置弹簧bias spring对准键（标记）alignment key (mark)刹车操纵系统brake control system刹车脚踏板brake pedals停放刹车手柄parking brake lever (handle)脚踏刹车开关brake pedal switch自动刹车开关auto-brake switch超控开关override switch刹车蓄压器brake accumulator正常刹车调节活门normal brake metering valve备用刹车调节活门reserve brake metering valve自动刹车比较活门auto-brake comparator valve自动刹车往复活门auto-brake shuttle valve自动刹车电磁开关auto-brake solenoid valve刹车差动活门brake differential valve停放刹车开关parking brake switch停放刹车止动爪parking brake pawl停放刹车关断活门parking brake shut off valve停放刹车联杆parking brake linkage刹车平衡杆brake balance bar锁闭减压活门lockout deboost valve刹车减压活门brake pressure reducing valve刹车温度监测装置brake temperature monitoring刹车温度监视器brake temperature monitor刹车温度探测器brake temperature detector刹车温度传感器brake temperature sensor刹车温度补偿器brake temperature compensator刹车高温信号器brake hot annunciator刹车温度热电偶brake temperature thermocouple刹车冷却风扇brake fan刹车冷却brake cooling刹车压力比较器brake pressure comparator刹车减压加速器brake decompression accelerator惯性传感器inertial transducer机轮速度传感器wheel speed transducer液压压力传感器hydraulic pressure transmitter正常伺服活门normal servo valve备用伺服活门alternate servo valve刹车伺服活门brake servo valve防滑系统anti-skid system防滑控制装置anti-skid control unit防滑系统控制组件anti-skid control module正常防滑组件normal anti-skid module备用防滑组件reserve anti-skid module自动防滑刹车系统automatic anti-skid brake system防滑控制活门anti-skid control valve防滑传感器anti-skid transducer传感器接头transducer adapter相对滑动量控制防滑刹车系统slip ratio anti-skid control system飞机最佳刹车控制系统optimum system controlling防滑导线管接头anti-skid wiring conduit connection起落架指示/警告系统LG indicating/warning system自检程序bite procedure机轮转速表wheel tachometer压力指示器pressure indicator压力表pressure gauge加速度表accelerometer微处理器microprocessor刹车压力brake pressure刹车压力损耗brake pressure loss刹车力矩brake torque力矩峰比torque peak ratio力矩峰值torque peak刹车比压specific brake pressure结合力矩developed torque磨损wear磨损率wear rate磨损量wear quantity刹车效率brake efficiency刹车效率系数brake efficiency coefficient刹车频率braking frequency刹车动能braking capacity (energy)刹车温度brake temperature刹车时间applied brake time, stopping time刹车距离stopping distance刹车速度brake speed减速率deceleration rate松刹时间release brake time松刹延续时间release brake duration刹车滑跑距离brake running distance刹车滑跑时间brake running time中止（中断）起飞reject take-off刹车功率braking power单位刹车功率brake power to area ratio临界滑动点critical slip point相对滑动量slip ratio单位面积动能energy to area ratio单位热库重量动能energy to heat sink weight ratio比刹车功specific brake work比刹车功率specific brake power体容温度bulk temperature稳定系数stability coefficient重叠系数coefficient of overlap热库heat sink热熔塞heat fuse, thermal relief plug轮胎与地面的结合系数ground tyre coefficient of friction轮胎充气压力自动调节系统tyre inflation pressure automatic adjusting system轮胎和轮毂结合的型面图tyre-wheel assembly sectional view轮胎载荷-压缩曲线tyre load-deflection curve轮胎充气压力tyre inflation pressure轮胎临界速度tyre critical velocity机轮设计载荷wheel load for design停机载荷parking load载重比load to weight ratio机轮使用寿命wheel service life刹车试验brake test爆破试验burst test静平衡差度试验static balance difference test刹车轮胎强度试验expander tube strength test滚动试验rolling test结构扭矩试验structural torque test刹车性能试验brake performance test刹车系统飞行试验brake system flight test刹车系统模拟试验brake system simulated test径向载荷试验radial load test径、侧向联合载荷试验combined radial and side load test无内胎轮胎密封性能试验tubeless leakage performance test测力计，功率计dynamometer疲劳试验机fatigue tester刹车装置性能试验台brake performance testing stand动刹车力矩试验dynamic torque test热稳定性试验thermostable test动刹车力矩dynamic torque最大刹车力矩peak torque, maximum brake torque最小刹车力矩minimum brake torque平均刹车力矩mean brake torque静摩擦力矩static torque力矩稳定性系数stable coefficient of moment摩擦系数coefficient of friction滑动摩擦sliding friction滚动摩擦rolling friction粘着adhesion咬死seizure剥落spalling掉块breaks on edges of facings划伤scoring擦伤scratching材料转移pick-up, transfer摩擦副friction pair名义接触面积nominal area真实接触面积real area磨合running-in对偶coupling摩擦剂friction additive固体润滑剂solid lubricant3.14.8 控制开关CONTROL SWITCH起落架手柄下位锁超控开关landing gear downlock override switch起落架上位锁终点开关landing gear uplock switch起落架手柄保险开关landing gear handle switch起落架限位开关landing gear limit switch前轮转向按钮开关nose-wheel steering button switch3.13 指示/记录系统INDICATING/RECORDING SYSTEM3.13.1 基本知识BASIC KNOWLEDGE航空仪表aircraft instrument驾驶舱仪表板布置cockpit panel arrangement驾驶员仪表板pilots instrument panel正驾驶飞行仪表板captains flight instrument panel副驾驶飞行仪表板first officers flight instrument panel中央仪表板center instrument panels 驾驶员顶部板pilots overhead panels遮光罩（板）glareshield, light shield表压gauge pressure负压negative pressure绝对压力absolute pressure压差differential pressure飞行高度flight altitude标准气压高度standard pressure altitude自监测电路built-in test circuit充电放大器charge amplifier中央警告系统central warning system主告警系统master warning system音响警告系统aural warning system信号器annunciator垂线vertical line地球自转角速度angular velocity of earth子午线meridian惯性空间inertial space地球磁场earths magnetic field飞机磁场aircraft magnetism磁力矩magnetic moment地球磁场强度earths magnetic strength磁差magnetic variation磁倾角magnetic dip磁倾角补偿magnetic dip compensation磁倾角测量仪dip meter罗差compass deviation罗差补偿compass deviation compensation罗航向compass heading磁罗盘支撑摩擦误差friction error of support of compass飞行状态参数parameter of flight states哥氏加速度Coriolis acceleration陀螺仪gyroscope单自由度陀螺仪single-degree-of-freedom gyroscope两自由度陀螺仪two-degree-of-freedom gyroscope全姿态陀螺仪all attitude gyroscope积分陀螺仪integrated gyroscope垂直陀螺仪vertical gyroscope航向陀螺仪directional gyroscope陀螺感应罗盘gyrosyn陀螺感应同步罗盘gyro flux-gate compass双轴陀螺稳定平台twin-gyro stabilized platform陀螺力矩gyro torque角动量angular momentum转动惯量moment of inertia惯性力矩inertia torque进动性precession陀螺漂移模型gyro drift model陀螺稳定性stability of gyroscope陀螺漂移率gyro drift rate陀螺航向gyro heading磁罗盘magnetic compass陀螺磁罗盘gyro magnetic compass远读磁罗盘remote magnetic compass磁航向传感器magnetic sensor磁航向修正器magnetic correction device航向指示器directional indicator航道指示器course indicator陀螺地平仪gyro horizon应急地平仪standby gyro horizon加速度误差（陀螺仪）acceleration error (gyroscope)纬度误差latitude error水平修正leveling correction方位修正azimuth correction启动时间starting time热阻效应effect of thermoresistance停转时间stopping time压电效应piezo-electric effect压阻效应piezo-resistance effect热电效应thermoelectric effect光电效应photoelectric effect测量范围measuring range量程span准确度accuracy精密度precision飞行仪表分组flight instrument grouping动力装置仪表分组power plant instrument grouping刻度scale量程色标coloured range marking刻度显示scale display形像显示symbolic & pictorial display指引显示director display数字显示digital display液晶显示liquid-crystal display指针读数pointer readouts数字(指示）读数digital readouts指示器盘面indicator dial face3.13.2 典型结构TYPICAL STRUCTURE调零装置zero adjusting device, zero adjuster波纹管bellow波纹管的有效面积effective area of bellow减震器damping device温度补偿装置temperature compensation device电位器potentiometer热电偶thermocouple双金属片bimetal strip补偿导线compensating lead磁电式指示器moving-coil indicator电磁式指示器moving-iron indicator机电伺服式指示器 servo-mechanism type indicator电动式指示器electrodynamic indicator感应式指示器induction type indicator传感器sensor, transducer, transmitter阻尼器damper电子显示装置electronic display equipment电容式变换器capacitance transducer可调电感式变换器variable-inductance transducer固态传感器solid state transducer光电式传感器photoelectric transducer压电式传感器piezoelectric transducer射流传感器fluidic sensor振动膜压力传感器vibrating diaphragm pressure transducer振动丝传感器vibrating string transducer振动筒压力传感器vibrating cylinder pressure transducer力平衡压力传感器force-balance pressure transducer位置反馈压力传感器position feedback pressure transducer热电偶温度传感器thermocouple temperature sensor平衡环gimbal陀螺支承gyro supports压阻式压力传感器piezo-resistance pressure transducer陀螺电机gyro motor转子轴承rotor bearing陀螺导电装置gyro electroconducting device自由陀螺仪free gyroscope远距传输系统remote transmission system交流同步系统AC synchro system直流同步系统DC synchronous system磁同步系统magnesyn system伺服系统servo system3.13.3 飞行仪表FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS全压口pitot port静压口static port全静压管pitot-static tube全静压系统pitot-static system全静压探头pitot-static probe备用静压系统alternate static system备用静压口alternate static port全静压系统放水口drain of pitot-static system静压源误差修正Static Source Error Correction SSEC梳状全静压管comb pitot-static tube机头全静压管nose pitot-static tube膜盒式高度表aneroid altimeter马赫数表Machmeter动压传感器dynamic pressure transducer静压传感器static pressure transducer总温传感器total temperature sensor探头加温控制板probe heater control panel静压源选择阀static source selector valve漏水孔drain port环境压力ambient pressure总压total pressure风标式迎角传感器vane-type angle of attack transducer零压式迎角传感器null pressure type angle of attack transducer侧滑角传感器angle of sideslip transducer飞行数据记录仪flight data recorder平视仪Head-Up Display HUD平视仪字符发生器HUD symbol generator侧滑仪slip indicator空速airspeed真空速True Airspeed TAS指示空速Indicated Airspeed IAS最大允许空速maximum allowable airspeed计算空速Computed Airspeed CAS校正空速calibrated airspeed等效空速Equivalent Airspeed EAS地速ground speed传感器非线性修正transducer non-linearity correction当地气压local barometric pressure伺服气压高度表servo pneumatic altimeter气压设定barometric setting马赫/空速指示器Mach/airspeed indicator最大允许空速指针maximum alowable airspeed pointer自动油门速度指令针autothrottle speed command index静温指示器static temperature indicator3.13.4 大气数据系统AIR DATA SYSTEM ADS大气数据计算机Air Data Computer ADC大气数据模块Air Data Module ADM气压高度表barometric altimeter膜盒式高度表aneroid altimeter空速指示器（空速表）Airspeed Indicator ASI马赫速度指示器Mach Speed Indicator MSI预选/警告器preselector/alerter温度/真空速指示器TEMP/IAS indicator垂直速度指示器Vertical Speed Indicator VSI中央大气数据计算机方块图CADC block diagram中央大气数据计算机Central Air Data Computer CADC大气温度air temperature保持逻辑hold logic数字式处理器digital processor周期性自检periodic self-test数-模转换器digital to analog converter 模-数转换器analog to digital converter 多路解调器demultiplexer多路调制器multiplexer运算电路arithmetic circuit数据总线data bus调零装置null setting同步接收器synchro receiver同步模拟器synchro simulator模拟试验台simulator stand三维空间模拟器three-axis simulator高度变化率数据altitude rate data高度保持输出altitude hold output高度报告altitude reporting缓冲放大器buffer amplifier空中交通管制应答机Air Traffic Control ATC transponder高度报告编码altitude reporting code接线图interface schematic分析器resolver斩波器chopper真空速警旗TAS flag马赫保持离合器Mach hold clutch绝对压力传感器absolute pressure transducer压差传感器dif