人教版九年级上 unit 9知识点详解重点加练习 精华.doc

让我们一起为了孩子的进步而努力！纳思书院Nice EducationUnit 9When was it invented？本讲知识清单：Important words & phrases Important sentences Grammar本讲重点： Important sentences & Grammar教学建议1. 课时：2小时2. 上课安排：本讲内容包含3个小章节：重点单词和词组；重点句子和语法。老师在上课时，可以根据学生情况调换章节顺序来讲解Important words教学建议单元重点单词: invent, remain, notice, pleasant, taste, active, create, towards, develop, rise单元重点短语： 1. 本章节涵盖了3个板块：单词，重点词组和课文重点词组。 2. 单词板块：讲解时主要以单词拆分记忆法&词的前后缀等方面来帮助学生记忆，同时，注重词性、词形的变化、词义的延伸和拓展、近义词汇的辨析、相关的固定搭配等。 3. 重点词组板块：挑出本单元重点短语进行精讲。 4. 课文重点词组板块：建议老师以抽查的形式，检验学生的背诵情况和掌握情况，同时，可以将不会的词组打钩，课后让学生继续巩固加强。单词巧记典句考点1.invent invent 发明,创造【巧记提示】 in+vent(通风口) 【经典例句】 When was the car invented? 汽车是什么时候发明的？【考点聚焦】 1）名词形式有两种：inventor发明家；invention发明。2) invent与discover 的辨析：invent指“发明”原来没有的东西；discover指“发现”某种本来存在，而以前未被发现的事物或未为人所知的东西。【活学活用】根据首字母填空 Edison i many useful i in his life. The light (invent) by him.2. remain rimeinvi. 剩余，仍然是【巧记提示】 re+main(主要的)【经典例句】 A few flowers still remained on the tree. 树上还剩下几朵花。【考点聚焦】 1（不及物）被遗留，剩余 There remained in the village only women and children. 2 (系动词) 保持不变，仍然是 We must always remain modest and prudent.我们永远保持谦虚谨慎。 3 与keep的辨析 keep强调动作，remain强调某种状态,后可接形容词或名词。【活学活用】 Only a few hundred of these animals _ today. A. stay B. remain C. keep D. have3.notice nutis n. 注意,布告,通知【巧记提示】 no+tice 【经典例句】 The thief was noticed to enter the office building by the back door on the screen. 从屏幕上可以看到小偷从后门进入了办公楼。【考点聚焦】1. notice表示“注意到，觉察到”，是及物动词，用法如下：1） 后可接名词或代词，表示注意到某人或某物2） 接“宾语+宾补”，notice sb do sth.表示注意到某人做了某事。notice sb doing sth表示注意到某人正在做某事。3） 可接宾语从句2. notice还可做名词1）(可数)通知，布告without notice不另行通知 a notice board公告栏 put up a notice贴出布告2）（不可数）注意，留意attract ones notice吸引某人的注意 take notice of 注意到【活学活用】 Sandy feels unhappy because nobody seems to n her progress.4.pleasant pleznt adj. 令人愉快的【巧记提示】 pleas(e)（请）+ant(蚂蚁)【经典例句】 She is the most pleasant team member. 她是最讨人喜欢的团队成员。【考点聚焦】 1 比较级pleasanter/more pleasant;最高级pleasantest/most pleasant2 合意的，令人愉快的 a pleasant journey令人愉快的旅行 Pleasant hours fly past.快乐时光去如飞。 3 pleased高兴的，修饰人；pleasing令人高兴的，修饰物【活学活用】汉译英：你认为什么是最令人喜欢的发明？5.taste teist n. 味道，风味 【经典例句】 I dont like the taste of durian.我不喜欢榴莲的味道。【考点聚焦】1做名词1）( 可数/不可数)味道，风味 a sweet taste甜味 a sour taste 酸味 a bitter taste 苦味 2）（不可数）味觉 I have lost my sense of taste.我尝不出为味道。 3）（可数/不可数）爱好，兴趣 She has a taste for music. 4）(不可数)鉴赏力，审美力 She has frightful taste in literature.她有很高的文学鉴赏力。 2做连系动词是尝起来后接形容词,做表语【活学活用】A cook cant cook well if he doesnt _ food. A. taste B. look C. feel D. sound6. active ktiv adj. 活动的，活泼的，积极的 【巧记提示】 act(表演)+ive【经典例句】 She is an active girl.她是一位活泼的姑娘。【考点聚焦】 1比较级more active 最高级 most active 2 (人，动物)活动的，(火山等)活跃的 3 有活力的，积极的，活泼的 4 短语 take an active part in积极参加（某项活动） 名词是activity,复数是activities【活学活用】1.Do you like yellow, orange, or red? If you do, you must be an a person who enjoys life. 2. We have a lot of a at school.7.create krieit v.创造, 造成【经典例句】 An artist should create beautiful things.一个艺术家应该创造美好的事物。【考点聚焦】1名词是creation创造，creator创造者，形容词是creative有创造力的； 2 现在分词形式creating,过去式created,过去分词created【活学活用】1.Walter Elias Disney _(创作) lots of cartoon characters.2.找出划线部分发音不同的词：A. create B. team C. please D. sea8. towards twdzprep. 朝着，向着 【巧记提示】 to+wards(病房)【经典例句】 I saw her walking towards the bank.我看她朝银行走去。【考点聚焦】1.朝着，向着 Jean moved towards the door.琼向门口走过去。 2.对于，关于 What is your attitude towards the question?你对这个问题的态度如何？ 3.与to的区别to和towards作介词，都可表示方向性，但是，towards，有径直面对的意思，如:I walk towards a bank. 径直走向银行。而to只是说明去目的地，例如go to the school 去学校。【活学活用】根据首字母完成句中所缺的英语单词James noticed two policemen coming t _him.9. develop divelpv. 发展，生长 【经典例句】The two cities have reached an agreement to develop science and technology. 这两个城市间达成一项协议，发展科学技术。【考点聚焦】1 单词积累 developing发展中的；developed发达的；development发展 2 develop做及物动词，发展；开发；（照相）冲洗, 逐渐产生，如： I develop films myself. 我自己冲洗照片. 做不及物动词，表示生长，发展，如： Most students think they should have more time and energy to develop their own interests.大部分的学生认为他们应该有更多的时间和精力来发展自己的兴趣。 China develops fast.中国的发展如此迅速。【活学活用】Chicago _(develop) into a big city in the late 1800s The USA is a d country and China is a d country.10. rise raiz v.上升，升起 【经典例句】 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。【考点聚焦】 1过去式rose;过去分词risen;现在分词rising 2 上升，是不及物动词，可以指烟、河水、物价上升，起床 3 起身，如：He rose and left the room.他站起身走出屋去。 4 升起（太阳或月亮） 5 与raise的辨析rise为不及物动词，表示自然升起，多用于表示太阳、月亮、河水、云、烟、温度、价格等的上升：如：The smoking is rising from the chimney.烟正从烟囱里升起。raise为及物动词，表示有人为使之抬高或升起。Raise your hand.请举起手。【活学活用】翻译：众所周知，太阳从东方升起，西边落下。As we all know, the sun _ _ _ _ and sets in the west.11. produceprudju:s v.生产，制造 【经典例句】This kind of camera is produced in Japan.【考点聚焦】1.v. 生产，制造，如： This factory produces 1,000 cars a week.这家工厂每周生产一千辆轿车。 2.v. 产生，引起，如： Jay Chous arrival produced a sensation.周杰伦的抵达引起了轰动。 3.v. 出产，繁育，如; The panda produced a baby in July,2011.2011年7月，这只大熊猫产下一只小熊猫。 4.单词积累：product n. 产品；production n. 生产，产量；producer n.生产商，产地 【活学活用】I cant stand the terrible smoke that cigarettes _(产生). 短语巧记典句考点1. be used for 用来做 【经典例句】 A pan is used for cooking. 锅是用来做饭的。【考点聚焦】（1）be used 是一般现在时的被动语态。 （2）be used for doing sth. 表示“被用来做某事，被使用做某事”，相当于be used to do sth。 （3）区别：be used for doing sth 被动语态结构，“被用来做某事”。 be/get used to (doing) sth 固定短语，“习惯做某事”。 used to do sth 表示过去常常做某事，暗指现在不再如此。 be used by sb 利用 A knife is used for cutting things.小刀是用来切东西的。 I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 She used to be an English teacher. 她以前是一名英语老师。 He was used by a stranger.他被一位陌生人利用过。【活学活用】Paper is making books.A. used for B. is used toC. usedD. used to 2. by mistake 错误地【经典例句】I took your umbrella by mistake. Now, here you are.我错拿了你的伞，现在还给你。【考点聚焦】by mistake 固定短语，其中mistake当“错误”讲时，是可数名词。【活学活用】The more _ you take the exam, the _ mistakes you will make. A. careful; few B. careful; more C. carefully; less D. carefully; fewer3. by accident 偶然，意外，无意中 【经典例句】 Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world(after water), was invented by accident？茶叶是继水之后世界上最流行的饮料，你知道它是偶然间被发明出来的吗？【考点聚焦】accident 除了表示“灾难，事故”外，还可以表示“偶然，意外事件” I met her by accident in a crowded bus.我意外地在拥挤的公交汽车上遇见了他。 There was a traffic accident yesterday. 昨天发生了一起交通事故。【活学活用】I took Toms coat . I thought it was mine. A. by an accident B. in accident C. by accident D. in an accident Luckily, there are no injured in a . ( 首字母填空）4. fall into 落入；陷入【经典例句】Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for sometime.从旁边的一棵树上飘来的一些叶子，落在水里，并在水里泡了一段时间。【考点聚焦】fall into 落入，陷入； fall down 从落下，跌倒 fall behind 落后 fall off 下降；跌落；减少；缩小 【活学活用】1) He was drunk and the water. A. fall down B. fell into C. fell down D. falls into 2) He the stair yesterday. A. fell down B. fall behind C. falling down D. fall into 3) He and the other runners. A. fell down, fall behind B. falling behind, fell down C. fell down, fell behind D. fell into, fell down 5.knock into 与相撞【经典例句】 Knocking into players and falling down would be dangerous.撞到运动员，摔倒会是危险的。【考点聚焦】knock into 与相撞 knock at 敲（一般指门）【活学活用】Knock (into/at)the door when you come in.（选词填空）6. in this way 用（通过）这种方法【经典例句】And in this way, one of the worlds favorite drinks was invented.就这样，一种世人喜爱的饮料产生了。【考点聚焦】in this way 用（通过）这种方法 in a/an.way 用方法 in the way 妨碍的；挡道的 by the way 顺便说一下 on ones way to 在某人去某地的路上【活学活用】选词填空： in this way on ones way to by the way in the way You can work out the problem . ,why did you call me yesterday? Dont stand . I met Lucy school. 7. the number of 的数量【经典例句】The number of foreign players in Americas NBA has increased.在美国NBA的外籍球员的数量已经增加。【考点聚焦】the number of +名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式(的数量） a number of +名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式（许多）【活学活用】1. be动词填空 1) A number of trees cut down. 2) The number of students in my classroom 50. 2. the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are teachers. A. A number of ; women B.A number of ; woman C. The number of ;women D. The number of ; woman 8. dream of 梦想【经典例句】Many young people dream of becoming famous basketball players.许多年轻的人梦想成为著名的篮球运动员。【考点聚焦】dream of +doing 其中of为介词，后面加动词时要用ing的形式。 dream名词形式：dreamer梦想家【活学活用】I believe my dream _ a freshman of Xuejun High School must _ four months later. A. to become; be come true B. of becoming; come trueC. of becoming; achieve D. to become; realize 课文重点短语 1.be used for 被用来做2.adjustable heels 可调整的后跟3.the light bulb 电灯4.by mistake 错误地 5.by accident 偶然地6.an ancient Chinese legend 一个古老的中国传说7.fall into 落入，陷入8.according to 根据，依据9.knock into 与相撞10.divideinto把分成Important sentences教学建议本单元重点句型：1.描述古代发明、时间及发明者 2. 宾语从句本章节的句子是从3A课文及对话中挑出的复杂的句子。1. 重点加强指示代词的操练及一般疑问句的转换和回答。2. 在句子剖析完后，安排适当的针对性练习，可以是同义句转换题，也可以是单项选择。3. 课文中的交际用语，可以通过问答形式呈现。 句子剖析拓展 1.Since then, the popularity of basketball has risen worldwide, and the number of foreign players in Americas NBA(National Basketball Association) has increased.自从那时起，篮球在世界范围内越来越受欢迎，美国NBA（国家篮球协会）的外籍球员数量也有所增加。【剖析】1）“since then”意为“从那时起”，现在完成时标志。由and得知此句为并列句，因此前后两句时态保持一致，均为现在完成时。 2）the popularity of+名词，表示某物的受欢迎度。popularity是名词，普及、流行的意思。 3）the number of+可数名词复数，表示某物的数量。句中动词用单数。【拓展】1）rise多指度的上升;升起;上涨;升高;增加。比如高度，值。 2） increase多指数量的增加，可以用于完成时。raise，饲养，举起来。例如，She raised a lot of pigs.她养了很多猪。3）go up，也有“上升”的意思，可以用于物价上涨，但不能用于完成时和被动语态。例如，The price of cigarettes is going up.香烟的价格在上调。2.Do you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world was invented by accident.你知道吗？茶叶，这一世界上最流行的饮料，是偶然发现的。【剖析】1）这是一个宾语从句，主句是Do you know，从句是that tea, the most popular drink in the world was invented by accident.2）从句当中的the most popular drink in the world作同位语，补充说明前面的tea。【拓展】除了名词、名词短语可以作同位语以外，数词、代词、同位语从句都可以作同位语。如：You three go and look for it in your room.你们三个到你们的房间去找它。3.According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor shen nong discovered tea when he was drinking water over an open fire.根据一个古老的中国传说，中国皇帝神农在篝火旁喝水时，发现了茶叶。【剖析】1）句子中的according 是介词，它的意思是“根据、按照”，它经常用在两个习语中。according to名词的意思是“按照、根据.所说”。例如：According to my watch, it is five oclock now. 根据我的手表现在是5点钟。according as that 从句的意思是“根据.而.、按照.而.”。例如：You may go or stay, according as you decide. 是去还是留，根据你自己的决定而定。2）the drinking water的意思是“饮用水”的意思。现在分词作定语修饰后面的名词。例如：the boiling water 沸腾的水。3）fire的意思是“火”，它是名词，也可以作动词用，它的意思是“射击、开火、解雇”。 例如：The young man fired at the enemy, but he failed. 这个青年人朝敌人开火，但他失败了。 You are fired. 你被解雇了。【拓展】1）when引导的时间状语从句，主句是the emperor shen nong discovered tea，从句when he was drinking water over an open fire。2）according to an ancient Chinese legend是分词短语做状语。也可以用介词作状语。如：I saw my teacher come into the classroom , with a book in his hand.我看见我的老师，手里拿着一本书走进了教室。4. It is played by more than 1000 million people in over 200 countries including China，where basketball has been played in parks，school，and even in factories.包括中国在内有200多个国家，10亿多人在公园，学校甚至工厂玩篮球。【剖析】1）非限制性定语从句，主句是：it is played by more than 1000 million people in over 200 countries including China，从句是where basketball has been played in parks，school，and even in factories，先行词是 China。2）including China作状语。Including为介词，后接名词，一般用在逗号后面或者冒号前面，译为“包含，包括”。例如，I hate animals, including dogs. 我讨厌动物，包括狗。【拓展】引导非限制性定语从句的还有who, which, whom, whose等等。5.It is believed that on December 21st ,1891, the first basketball game in history was played. 人们认为历史上的第一场篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。【剖析】1）It is believed是一个固定搭配的句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。它的意思是“人们相信”。2）在具体到某一天用介词on。例如：I was born on July 6. 我出生于七月六日。【拓展】另外的类似的句型：It is said that （据说），It is reported that （据报道），It is supposed that （据猜测）。例如：It is said that the movie is not really interesting. 据说那部电影并不是确实有趣。 课文交际用语 1. What are they used for? 它们是用来做什么的？ They are used for seeing in the dark. 它们是用来在黑暗中照明的。2. When was the telephone invented? 电话是什么时候发明的？ I think it was invented in 1876. 我认为它是在1876年被发明的。3. What do you think is the most useful invention? 你认为最有用的发明是什么？ I think the most useful invention is computer. 我认为最有用的发明是电脑。Grammar教学建议语法：Verb + by doing1. 建议老师先带学生复习初三Unit3出现的一般现在时的被动语态，然后引入讲解一般过去时的被动语态，并拓展到其他时态的被动语态。2. 让学生做典题精讲题，链接中考，熟悉一下中考真题的难度。3. 可以先让学生先做完，然后讲解，注重从思路解析进行，渗透单项选择题的答题技巧。语法教学流程：导入语法点例子+互动考点总结 被动语态1.语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：He opened the door.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着，即为行为动作的对象。如：The door was opened by him.2.被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。主动语态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are、do/doesam/is/are done一般过去时was/were、didwas/were done一般将来时will dowill be done现在进行时am/is/are doingam/is/are being done过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done现在完成时have/has donehave/has been done过去完成时had donehad been done3.被动语态的用法A. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如：Some new computers were stolen last night.B. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。如：This book was written by him.4.主动语态变被动的方法巧记歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。如：All the people laughed at him.- He was laughed at by all the people.They make the bikes in the factory.- The bikes are made by them in the factory.5.练习：将下列句子变为被动语态：(1)We can finish the work in two days.The work in two days.(2)The children will sing an English song .An English song by the children.(3)We must water the flowers every day.The flowers must by us every day.典题精讲例1 This is a _ map and it didnt take me much time to come here from the station. A. help B. helpless C. helpful D. helping例2 He wasnt _ to lift the box. A. too strong B. enough strong C. strong enough D. so strong例3 James didnt come _ the bell rang. A. until B. at C. when D. before 例4 Only a few hundred of these animals _ today. A. stay B. remain C. keep D. have 例5 There is _ umbrella on the table. A. a B. / C. an D. the 例6 _ he isnt tall enough, he is good at basketball. A. Because B. After C. Although D. Since 例7 This kind of TV set _ Shenzhen. A. are made in B. are made of C. is made in D. is made of 例8 Lucy is very excited today because it is her _ birthday. A. fourteenth B. the fourteenth C. fourteen D. the fourteenth 例9The bridge _by the farmers themselves in 1982. A. built B. was built C. build D. was building 例10 He likes _ chips but doesnt like ice cream. A. potatoes B. potatos C. potato D. the potato 同步突破 then a and at on one popular much become to课文选词填空（一）It is believed that _1_December 21st,1891,the_2_basksetball game in history was played._3_ in 136 in Berlin ,it became _4_Olympic event. A team from China took part, _5_although they didnt win they used the experience _6_help develop the game _7_home. Since then, the_8_ of the basketball has risen worldwide, and the number of foreign players in Americas NBA has increased. Basketball has also become a _9_popular sport for people to watch, and many young people dream of _10_famous basketball players. 课文选词填空（二） invent west do much over until although in a boil _1_you know that tea, the_2_ popular drink in the world, was _3_by accident? _4_tea wasnt brought to the_5_ world _6_1610, this beverage was discovered_7_ three thousand years before that. According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nong discovered tea when he was _8_drink