从奥巴马的演讲中探究成功交际的技巧 外国语学院英语专业毕业论文 毕业设计.doc

河南农业大学华豫学院本科毕业论文（设计）任务书分 院 外国语学院 专 业 英语 班级 英本0702班 学 生 贾淼 学 号 0701028 指导教师 金苗娟 论文题目 A Study of Successsful Communication Skills from the Perspective of Barack Obamas Speeches1、论文的主要任务及目标写出一篇不少于5000实词的毕业论文，检验学生大学四年来的学习、研究和实践的能力。考察学生的创新思维，创新意识及发现、分析和解决实际问题的能力。2、 论文的主要内容 In 2008,during the presidental election,Obamas speech have a strong sense of rhythm,full flavor,and the well prepared speech together with his special personal charm.and his ability to mobilize the atmosphere.making his speeches have the magic to go deep into listeners heart.and the audience can feel exciting all the time.His speech is good at using parallelism sentence,made people feel magnificent,and deeply moved.and we can see the political philosophy from his lively story.Usually most of Obamas speeches are easy to understand.It will give us the impression of maturity,showing a mature generals charm.At the same time,Obamas speech also have a powerful appeal.which won the majority of the peoples support.Finally,he become the president of American.This paper try to learn the communication skill from the Obamas speech. 3、论文的基本要求 本专业内选题，体现所学专业特点选题能够使学生达到综合运用所学知识获得比较全面的训练，同时也能使少数学生对某些专题进行比较深入的研究。4、 主要参考文献1 Kennedy,G.(2000).An introduction to corpus linguistics.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.2 Mey, Jacob. Pragmatics: An Introduction M. Beijing Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001. 3 庞梦雯，危机中的声音：世界名流金融危机演说，沈阳：辽宁教育出版社2009.54 睿语达，憾世之声-奥巴马演说精选，北京：世界知识出版社，2009.9 5 胡景凯,演讲文体的语言运用J.教育艺术，2004,(12).6 黎昌抱，英语修辞格探新，长春：吉林大学出版社，2001.117 胡壮麟，语言学教程，北京：北京大学出版社，2006.98 张德鑫, 中外语言文化漫谈,北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1984.9 何兆熊.,新编语用学概要M,上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000：182. 10 李玉杰，实用演讲教程，北京：中国经济出版社，200411 王广礼，演讲名家评说，北京：北京广播学院出版社 199212 熊莉，从就职演说辞看肯尼迪演说的文体风格j,西南民族大学学报（人文社科版），2004，（6）407-410.13 李潇，奥巴马获胜演讲的文体学分析J.湖北经济学院学报，2009(9).5、论文进度安排论文各阶段名称起 止 日 期1 选题12月1日1月8日2列提纲1月9日2月1日3搜集材料2月2日 3月1日4初稿3月2日 4月1日5定稿4月2日 5月1日河南农业大学华豫学院本科毕业论文（设计） 学号：0701028 A Study of Successful Communication Skills from the Perspective of Barack Obamas Speeches 从奥巴马的演讲中探究成功交际的技巧分 院 外国语学院 专 业 名 称 英 语 班 级 英 本0702班 姓 名 贾淼 指 导 教 师 金苗娟 2011年5月1日 A Study of Successful Communication Skills from the Perspective of Barack Obamas Speeches byJia MiaoSupervisedby Jin MiaojuanHuayu College of Henan Agricultural University May 2011Contents摘 要.IAbstract1. Introduction12.Related Information of Barack Obamas Speeches1 2.1 Barack Obamas Brackground. 2.2 Barack Obamas Political Career2 2.3 Barack Obamas 2008 Presidental Campaign33.The Analysis of Barack Obamas Speeches6 3.1 Appropriate structure. 3.2 Ethnical consequence. 3.3 Clear Sense of Purpose.6 3.4 Speaker Commitment.6 3.5Well-chosen Topic.6 3.6Audience Involvement.6 3.7The Use of Some Vocabulary .84. Conclusion.9References.10Acknowledgements.11摘 要2008年美国总统大选中，奥巴马以自己节奏感强，味道十足，恰到好处的演讲，加上自己独特的个人魅力，和调动现场气氛的一流能力，使得他的演讲带着某种直指人心的魔力，每每能使得群情激昂。 他的演讲十分善用排比句，气势磅礴，很具有感染力。奥巴马也善于讲故事，用生动的故事承载深奥的政治理念。而且奥巴马的演讲大多数都通俗易懂。能给人以成熟的印象，表现出一种成熟的大将风度。同时，奥巴马的演讲还具有强大的感染力，号召力，从而赢得了大多数群众的支持，成功地竞选为美国总统，本文主要从奥巴马的演讲中探究成功交际的技巧和方法。 关键词：奥巴马 演讲 交际 技巧 Abstract In 2008,during the presidental election,Obamas speech have a strong sense of rhythm,full flavor,and the well prepared speech together with his special personal charm.and his ability to mobilize the atmosphere.making his speeches have the magic to go deep into listeners heart.and the audience can feel exciting all the time.His speech is good at using parallelism sentence,made people feel magnificent,and deeply moved.and we can see the political philosophy from his lively story.Usually most of Obamas speeches are easy to understand.It will give us the impression of maturity,showing a mature generals charm.At the same time,Obamas speech also have a powerful appeal.which won the majority of the peoples support.Finally,he become the president of American.This paper try to learn the communication skill from the Obamas speech.Key Words: Obama，speech，communication，skills 河南农业大学华豫学院本科毕业论文（设计） 1. Introduction The annual event of the American presidential-elect campaign 2008 started a new era in Ameican history.The unprecedented economic crisis led by the United States left the country looking for answers as to why this happened and how to prevent it from happening again. Citizens turned to the President for leadership in this chaotic time.Though President Barack Obamas election speeches were broadcast on television,this thesis concented on the successful communication skills the great president used in the speeches.This paper concentrates on Obamas presidental campaign.This study will try to discover the feature of Obamas speech and research Obama s communication skills used in his speeches.2. Related Information of Barack Obamas Speech 2.1Barack Obamas Background Barack Hussein Obama was born in Hawaii on 4th August ,1961.He is the forty-fourth and current President of the United States of Amerian.Obama was a junior United States Senator from 2005.He was sworn in as President on January20,2009 in an inaugural ceremony at the U.SCapitol.He is the son of Barack Obama Sr.,who was born and bred in a small village in Kenya and grew up herding goats with his own father ,who was a dommestic servant to the British.Baracks mother,Ann Dunham,was a daughter of a World War 2 veteran and grew up in a small town in Kansas.Obamas parents met in 1960 while attending the University of Hawaii at Manoa,where his father was a foreign student.The couple divorced in 1964,just three years after their marrage.After that Obamas father returned to Kenya and saw his son only once more before dying in an automobile accident in 1982.At the age of six,Obama moved to Indonesia with his mother and his step-father and studied in a local school until he moved back to Hawaii to live with hia grandparents at the age of ten,with his mother staying in Indonesia most of the rest of her life and dying of ovarian cancer in1995 in Hawaii.As Obama recalled,during the four years in Indonesia,Ann always waked him up at four thirty to teach him about race,heritage and about being an American.Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School,where he was the first African-American president of the Harvard Law Review.In 1986 in Chicago he became a community organizer with a church-based group seeking to improve living cinditions in poor neighborhoods plagued with crime and high unemployment. The group had some success including helping to set up a job training program,a college preparatory tutoring program,and a tenants right organization, but Barack had come to realize that in order to truly improve the lives of people in that community and other communities,it would take not just a change at the local level, but a change in laws and politics of the U.S.After graduating from Harvard Law School with a Juris Doctor (J.D)magna cum laude from Harvard in 1991,he returned to Chicago to practice as a civil rights lawyer and teach constitutional law in University of Chicago Law School.Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996,where he served for eight years.In 2004,he became the third African American to be elected to the U.S ,Senate since Reconstruction. 2.2 Barack Obamas Political Career Barack Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in1996,and he gained bipartisan support for legislation reforming ethics and health care laws.Hesponsored a law increasing tax credits(a state benefit paid to employees through the tax system,which has the effect of increasing rather than reducing net income)for low-income workers,negotiated welfare reformed subsidies for childcare.In 2001,as co-chairman of the bipartisan Joint Committee on Administrative Rules,Obama supported Republican Governor Ryans payday loan regulations and predatory mortgage lending regulations aimed at averting home foreclosure. In January 2003,Obama became chairman of the Illinois Senates Health and Human Services Committee.He sponsored and led the unanimous,bipartisan passage of legislation to monitor racial profiling by requiring police to record the race of drivers they detained, and legislation making Illinois the first state to mandate videotaping of homicide interrogations.In July 2004,Obama delivered the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston,In his speech,after sayingMy story is part of the larger American story.In no other country on earth is my story even possible,he questioned the Bush administrations management of the Iraq War.He spoke about changing the U.S.governments economic and social priorities and focused on the unity in diversity,saying,There is not a liberal American and conservative American;there is the United States of American.Obama was sworn in as a senator on January 4,2005,being the fifth African-American Senate in U.S. History,and the third to have been popularly elected.He is the only Senate member of the Congressional Black Caucus.CQ Weekly,a nonpartisan publication,characterized him as a loyal Democratbased on analysis of all Senate votes in 2005-2007,and the National Journal ranked him as the eleventh most powerful Senator.Obama resigned his senate senate seat on November 16,2008,before the start of the lame-duck session,to focus on his transition period.As a Senator,Obama voted in favor of the Energy Policy Act of 2005,and cosponsored the Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act,which authorized the USA,a web search engine on federal spending.In 2007,he sponsored an amendment to the Defense Authorization Act adding safeguards for personality disorder military discharges.Obama also sponsored a Senate amendment to the State Childrens Health Insurance Program providing one year of job protection for family members caring for soldiers with combat-related injuries. 2.3 Barak Obamas 2008 Presidential Campaign As we all known,the Election Day is the first Thusday after the first Monday of November as November 4,2008.In the 56th consecutive quadrennial United States presidential election.Barack Obama,the junior United States Senator from Illinois,decisively defeated Republican Party nominee,John McCain,the senator United States Senator from Arizona.Based on the results of the electoral vote count,Barack Obama was declared the elected President of the United Sates and Joseph Biden was declared officially as the elected Vice President of theUnited States in the 2008 presidential election.On July24,2008 he gave a speech at the Victory Column in Berlin before a crowd of estimated 200000 to 240000 people.Obamas highest support was recorded in the polling average was 8.2% on October 14.Among individual polls tracked by RealClearPolitics.Obamas highest support was recorded in a Newsweek poll conducted between June 18 and June 19 and a Pew Research poll conducted between October 23 and October 26 showed a 15% lead.He won the first contest in the Democratic nomination in Iowa on January3,2008.His win in Iowa boosted his chances in New Hampshire.In what has been deemed theYes We Canspeech in New Hampshire,he said nothing can stand in the way of millions of voices calling for change. His celebrity supporters created a song Yes We Can which was made up of pieces of this particular speech.Even Clinton defeated Obama in New Hampshire by a margin of 39.1 percent to 36.5 percent.Obama still told his supporters that he was still fired up and ready to go.Finally,on the Election Day,he gained almost 53% of the popular vote and 365 electoral votes.His quick wins start from Iowa,Pennsylvania and Ohio.When the polls closed on the West Coast at 11:00PM,Obama had won 297 superdelegates to McCains146(270 are need to win).President_elect Barack Obama then delivered his acceptence speech in Chicago,Illinois,in front of a crowd of 250000 people.The main campaign issues included the Iraq war, the economy,and Obamas Change policy versus McCains experience.The Iraq war was a key issue before the burst of economic crisis in America.Barack Obama had opposed the war while McCain supported it.In the fall of 2008,both candidates claimed that they americans suffering the biggest economic crisis since the Great Depression.3. The Analysis of Barack Obamas Speeches 3.1 Appropriate Structure We can see from Barack Obamas speeches that they follows a plan, or design,so that each part seems to belong where it is placed.Without such a structure a speech may seem to contain random parts that move into no purposeful direction.A well-structured speech will be organized in a way that is appropriate to the subject,purpose,audience,speaker and occasion.In fact,each speech need an introduction,which should arouse the audiences interest and lead them to listen the following topic.Secondly,the body of the speech is also very important,since it contains the speaker s salient points and evidence to support them.Last but not the least,the conclusion is also very important.The conclusion should also include the meaning of the message and tie the speech into a satisfying whole.Barack Obamas speech has a clearly structure.At the same time,transitions should be used between introduction and the body of a speech. 3.2 Ethnical Consequence As a public speaker, he carries some ethical responsibilities.A responsible public speaker shows respect for listeners and expresses a responsible knowledge of the topic.Ethical speakers use sound means to achieve sound goals.They do this by being well formed about their subjects,by being honest in what they say,by using sound evidence,and by employing valid reasoningAbove all,a responsible speech is one that listeners are likely to hear, and one that listeners are willing to take actions as the speaker says after hearing.This is particularly important for a political speech. From the above,we find that the effectiveness or success of a public speech,to a large extent,depends on its functions and its context. 3.3 Clear Sense of Purpose The speech that lacks a clear sense of purpose will seem to drift and wander through its subject.Developing a clear purpose begins with thinking about the audience.Just how would a speaker like his listeners to behave as the result of the speech?Deciding what the speaker wants to acccomplish with listeners at first helps to give preparation to his speech,determine the arguments.A clear sense of purpose is a necessary conndition for a sucessful speech. For example:So tomorrow,I ask you to write our nations next great chapter.I ask you to believe-not just in my ability to bring about change,but in yours.Tomorrow,you can choose policies that invest in our middle class,creat a new jobs,and grow this economy so that everyone has a chance to succeed.You can choose hope over fear,unity over division,the promise of change over the power of the status quo.If you give me your vote,we wont just win this election-together,we will change this country and change the world.- The last sentence of the paragraph tells us that the purpose of the speaker is to call on all the nation to vote for him.The purpose of his speech is very clear,and he shows us in the last paragraph.To some extent,we can see Barak Obama is very self-confident.In his victory speech,he use Yes, I can9 times.in this way, he calls on all the nation to believe in itself.At the same time,he won the cheers and applause all over the country.Finally,he was elected the 44th President of the United States on November 4,2008,and sworn in on January 20,2009,He and his wife ,Michelle,are the proud parents of two daughters,Malia,12,and Sasha,9. 3.4 Speaker Commitment Commitment is the devotion that listeners can sense in speakers and speakers speech.Commitment is caring.A speaker must let his listeners know that the subject means a lot to him and that he wants others to share his feeling.The speaker needs time to find and analyse his topic,to do an adequate amount of researches,to organize his thinking,and practice his presentation.This also suggests that the speaker should respect his listeners.such commitment provides the motivation that makes a speech effective.Motivated speakers communicate enthusiastically,and enthusiasm is contagious.Commitm