模型训练.doc

模型训练1、用物理学的时间（图1中的斜边）、空间（直边）、质量（底边）来描述社会发展。实线表示支配权突出，虚线表示支配权很弱。若设原始社会、奴隶社会的权力结构如图11、图12所示。请给出封建社会、工业社会、知识经济时代的权力结构图示。图12 奴隶社会权力结构图示奴隶手艺人奴隶主图11 原始社会权力结构原始公社成员公社领袖原始工匠 图2提高竞争力降低成本促进国家技术进步增强综合国力技术创新2、图2是国家技术创新的目标，其中，外圈是宏观目标，内圈是微观目标。请将空白格填上合适内容。 3、一个产业的技术群是由特殊技术、中间技术和基础性技术构成的。基础技术包括机械、加工、冲压、铸塑、成型、基础元件制造等。特殊技术是该产业的高新、尖端技术。中间技术包括生产技术、组装技术等。图31、图32的虚线部分表示产业技术群的变化，或称产业技术进步。试就两个图的变化进行分析。图32图31基础技术中间技术特殊技术A中间技术基础技术C特殊技术BA4、从表4可发现什么规律？ 表4 各国R&D费用构成日本美国中国产品创新366873工艺创新6432275、表5是对武汉市大中型企业技术进步的问卷调查结果。请进行统计分析。技术开发人员占工程技术人员比重（%）大学本科以上技术开发人员占职工总数比重（%）技术开发经费占销售收入比重（%）新产品销售收入占全部销售收入比重（%）新产品利税占全部新增利税比重（%）总体20.230.160.864.515.82股份制企业40.110.254.2711.7316.66非股份制企业18.540.150.554.115.02高新技术企业26.290.285.6112.0244.42非高新技术企业19.750.150.644.294.86表56、请你设计一套调查公众对绿色产品的看法的问卷调查表。7、请设计一套企业核心能力的评价指标体系。8、如果让你以企业科技竞争的理论与方法研究为题做一篇硕士论文。（1）你将提出什么样的理论？（2）你将建立什么样的模型？9、分析Cobb-douglas生产函数的性质： 式中，Y，K，L分别为产出，资本，劳动；A为技术进步水平，为参数。10、管理群体中会因成员之间的协同而产生放大作用，也会因相互冲突而产生内耗。设一个群体中有3个成员，每个成员与其他成员的关系对有2个，关系度量为i, 其中,这样，在一个群体中。群体效用为：。试分析“三个臭皮匠，抵个诸葛亮”及“及三个和尚没水喝”的效应。11、军备竞赛模型 假设有两个国家在进行军备竞赛，x(t),y(t)分别表示这两个国家在时刻t的军备水平。 （1） 对该模型进行解释（2） 解释各参数的实际含义（3） 该模型可否用于分析企业竞争12、英译汉1、 The relationships discussed previously provide the foundation for an integer linear programming model which enables the IS manager to make an optimal choice of projects, starting times, programming language, and staff levels. Each of the projects being considered can be thought of as a number of mutually exclusive subprojects, one for each other combination of programming language, staff assignment size, and starting time. A net benefit can be computed for each such combination and an integer linear programming(ILP) then constructed with these net benefits as objective function coefficients. This ILP is formulated to maximize total net benefits subject to fixed staff constraints within a given horizon. A detailed description of the modelling component of the SDSS is as follows: 2、Another frequently used growth curve is the Gompertz curve, named after Benjamin Gompertz, English actuary and mathematician. The equation for the Gompertz curve is Like Pearl curve, the Gompertz curve ranges from zero at to the upper limit L at . However, the curve is not symmetrical. The inflection point occurs at , where ,. Just as with the Pearl curve, it is necessary to straighten out the Gompertz curve before linear regression can be used to obtain the coefficients b and k. This is done by taking the logarithm twice, obtaining the linear form When Y is regressed on t, the constant term is lnb and the slope term is k. As with the pearl curve, the slope term is taken to be intrinsically positive. The straight line obtained by this transformation slopes down and to the right. Once b and k are obtained from the regression, they can be substituted in the formula. Future values of t may then be substituted into the formula to obtain forecasts of the variables y. 3. An econometric model based on a system of equations can best be illustrated by examining a simple model of the national economy: Where C=consumption expenditures I=investment=profits, lagged one periodGNP=gross national productT=taxesY=national incomeG=government expendituresThe first 3 equations are behavioral or structural equations, whereas the last 2 equations are identities or definitional equations. Once the system of equations has been specified, the next task is to estimate the value of the parameters based on historical data. The s are to reflect the fact that the theoretical relationships are not exact. To make unbiased estimates of the models parameters, one must assume that the s are randomly distributed with an expected value of ze