英语翻译.doc

46. Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a kind of suffering. 考点：动名词作主语译文：在这种条件下工作是种痛苦，而不是快乐。 47. 在中文菜谱上点菜对于外国人来说是一件头疼的(daunting adj.)事情。考点：动名词或不定式作主语译文：Ordering meals from a Chinese menu is a daunting experience for foreigners. 或 Its daunting for foreigners to order meals from a Chinese menu.当一句话中有两个动词时，不重要的动词将要：A 放到and ,but ,so 等引导的另一个句中B 放到which, that, when 等引导的从句中C 将动词改为其它非谓语动词形式补充一： it is + adj. + of / for sb + to do / that clause 看句中的表语形容词是着重说明人（逻辑主语），还是事（不定式主语）。 若是前者(人)，多用of；若是后者(事)，多用for。且用of的句子，可以用人做主语将其改写；用for的句子则不能。Its important for you to go there in person. Important 是指这件事 (*不是you are important)Its wise of you not to argue with your boss. wise是指“你” (*是you are wise)改写后：You are important to go there in person. 错误改写后：You are wise not to argue with your boss. 正确常见用of 的词如： kind, honest, stupid, bold(鲁莽的), clever, cruel, nice, rude, sensible, silly , thoughtful, considerate, selfish, polite, patient, careful, tactful(圆滑的) 请做下面两题It isnt right _ people to marry for money. It was kind _ you to help us.答案： 1. for 2. of 补充二： 动名词和不定式作主语的区别：动名词：一般的，抽象的，泛指的概念；已经完成的动作，强调的是事情本身不定式：具体的某一次行为或将来的动作，强调的是动作本身To look after these babies is really difficult. 照看这些宝宝非常难。Spinning webs is a kind of instinctive behavior of spiders. 蜘蛛织网是一种本能行为。请选择下面句中的主语：To apply for / Applying for a bank loan for a second house is very difficult in some cities.To talk / Talking to him is talking to a wall.48. Its no use trying to reason with him because he is arrogant. 考点：it作先行主语，代表动名词 译文：试图和他讲道理是没有用的，因为他很傲慢。its no use doing sth = there is no point in doing sth / to do sth = its meaningless to do sth 例：Its no use crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收 49. I couldnt help feeling jealous when she was promoted to the position of sales manager. 考点：cant help doing 忍不住做某事cant help (to) do 不能帮助做某事cant help but do 忍不住做某事 或 不得不做某事cant choose but do 不得不做某事译文：当她升任销售经理时，我禁不住有些嫉妒。 50. 我们总是可以指望刘教授给我们提供各种各样的帮助。考点：动名词的复合形式译文：We can always expect Prof.Lius providing various help.Do you mind me smoking here?Do you mind my smoking here?My smoking makes her uncomfortable.什么情况下只用普通格：a. 逻辑主语指物不指人 The noise of the desks being opened and closed can be heard.b. 逻辑主语是数词、指示代词、不定代词 He was awakened by someone knocking on the door.c. 逻辑主语比较长或是复数名词 Do you remember John and his cousin coming to see us last week?The glory of the marshal counts on many soldiers dying on the battlefield. 一将功成万骨枯d. 前面有介词且逻辑主语为名词 I often go to see movies without my boyfriend accompanying.*前面有介词without而且my boyfriend 是名词 51. 略读不仅可以帮助你对将要阅读的东西有所了解，还可以帮助你读得快些，提高你的阅读理解力。考点：动名词作主语及分析/整理复杂句式译文：Skimming not only helps you know something about what you will read but also helps you read faster and improve your comprehension. 回忆Q107： 为了解决空气污染问题，我们该做些什么，对于这一点，人们没有能够取得一致。 此句变形为：人们对于为了解决空气污染问题我们该做些什么没有取得一致。译文：People have not reached an agreement on what we should do to solve the problem of air pollution. 52. Mr. Smith postponed his trip due to an urgent issue requiring his immediate attention. 考点：现在分词短语作后置定语，可前置译为“。的”译文：史密斯先生推迟了旅行，因为发生了一件他必须立刻关注的突发事件。此句也可写成定语从句：Mr. Smith put his trip over because an urgent issue happened which required his immediate attention.同理：The problem (requiring immediate solution) will be given priority at the meeting. The problem (which should be solved immediately) will be discussed first at the meeting. 这个急待解决的问题将在会上优先讨论。53. The committee consists of seven people including two women. 考点：现在分词作状语译文：委员会由七人组成，包括两名妇女。 54. Compared with the place where I grew up, this city is more prosperous. 考点：过去分词作状语译文：与我成长的地方相比，这座城市更加繁荣。转向Q2222：THE TIMES is read by the people who run the country; THE GARDIAN is read by the people who would like to run the country. 考点：英语被动句的中文译法：A 主宾对调译文：在位掌权的人读泰晤士报，渴望掌权的人读卫报。23：Modern scientists have discovered that energy may be created from matter and that matter, in turn, may be created from energy. 考点：同22译文：现代科学家发现：物质可以产生能量，能量也可以产生物质。 24：New high-tech achievements have been applied to agricultural production. 考点：英语被动句的中文译法：B主语位置不变译文：高新科技的成果已应用于农业生产。补充解释：被动的句式有时不会出现“被”字。 25：Much of the energy is absorbed as the Suns rays pass through the atmosphere.考点：同24译文：太阳光线通过大气层时，许多能量被吸收去了。补充解释：主语位置不变时，多数句中有 被、由、受、为所 等字 26：The proposal on the improvement of the investment environment is accepted by all the members of the committee.考点：同25译文这条关于改善投资环境的提议为该委员会全体委员所接受。 27：The Moon, the stars and the Sun are made use of by the seamen to find their latitude and longitude at sea. 考点：同25译文：月亮、星星和太阳常被海员们用来确定海上的经纬度。补充：attitude n.态度 altitude n.海拔 28：With the rapid development of modern science and technology, information can be sent to every part of the world. 考点：英语被动句的中文译法：C增译主语，泛指有人/某人译文：随着现代科学技术的迅速发展，我们能把各种各样的信息传到世界各地。补充解释：翻译的时候，把原文的主语译成宾语，增译有人、人们、大家、我们、某人等泛指性的主语。29：To explore the Moons surface, rockets, satellites and airships were launched again and again. 考点：同28译文：为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭、卫星和飞船。30: These stone processing machines have been introduced from Italy for the newly established factory. 考点：D 翻译成 “是。的”译文：这些石材加工机器是为新建工厂而从意大利引进的。31: The Secondary School is named after a donator who made a contribution of 50 million RMB yuan. 考点：同30译文：这所中学是以一名出资五千万元人民币的捐赠人的名字命名的。 32: Michael Jackson是被他的医生杀死的，而不是自杀的。 译文：Michael Jackson was not killed by himself but his doctor.考点：汉语译为英语被动式 A强调动作指向对象33: 这次实验的结果发现了一种新的治疗癌症的方法。译文：A new cure for cancer was found according to the result of this experiment.考点：汉语译为英语被动式 B无法界定准确的动作实施者34: 没有良好的学习习惯，就不能在英语上取得很大的进步。译文：One cannot make great progress in English without good study habits.考点：*若主语容易确定时也可直接补出主语 35:可以根据环境保护条例和一月份刚生效的法律条文来采取行动。译文：Actions can be taken according to the rules of environmental protection and the law articles which came into effect in January.考点：同33 36：It is well known that fake and substandard commodities harm the interests of consumers.译文：众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。考点：汉语译为英语被动式：C习惯用语或泛指人称为主语的主动句考点补充：众所周知在译成英语时，由主动“众*知”变为了被动“it is well known”。 37：众所周知，诸如水和石油这样的宝贵资源迟早将会被用尽。译文：It is well known that precious materials, such as water and petrol, will be exhausted sooner or later.考点：同36补充： 译汉语时经常不加主语的：It is found that 据发现It is said that 据说It is hoped that 希望It is reported that 据报道It may be safely said that 可以有把握地说It has been illustrated that 据（图示）说明It was first intended that 最初就有这样的想法It is weighted that 权衡了It may be without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说It must be pointed out that 必须承认/指出译汉语时可加主语的：It is well known that 众所周知It is taken that 有人认为It is noted that 人们注意到 38：Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.考点：定语从句翻译 A 前置法，译为 “*的”译文：太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 39：His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.考点：同38译文：他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。 40: Although he lacks experience, he has ambition and creativity, which is decisive in achieving success in this field. 考点： B1 后置法，译为并列分句，重复先行词译文：他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。 41: I dont want to ask him for help, who is very haughty and conceited now. 考点：同40译文：我不愿意请他帮忙，因为他现在十分地傲慢和自负。 42: They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 考点：B2后置法，译为并列分句，省略先行词译文：他们制定出一种新方案，采用(新方案)之后生产已迅速得到提高。 43: In our laboratory, there is the most advanced equipment that can help us complete the research in time.考点：同42译文：我们实验室里有最先进的设备，（设备）可以帮助我们及时完成研究任务。 44: In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.考点：C融合法 (无需掌握)译文：在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。考点解释：原句中的主句部分there are many people翻译成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。 45: She had a balance in her account which would have made her beloved anywhere.考点：同44译文：她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。考点解释：原句的主句较简单，整句句子的重点是在定语从句中，因此，翻译时将主句译成主语，而将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。55. 译文：很难想象一个学生能在别人玩耍的时候把自己的精力集中在课本上。 56. 译文：正视并克服自己的缺点是一种美德。补充 形式主语 it is + 介词短语 + to do Its not within my power to help them. 我没本事帮他们。形式主语 it + 及物动词 + 宾语 + to do It took me three days to make up the paper. 我花了三天编卷子。 57. 译文：我们发现在超市里什么都不买是几乎不可能的。 58. 译文：我觉得照顾这只流浪猫/狗是我的责任。rove v. 流浪补充：I find it hard to leave the land where I have lived for 30 years and where there are sweet memories of my childhood. 我发现很难离开这片我住了三十年的土地，因为那里有我美好的童年回忆。 59. 译文：的确，十九世纪末，该岛一个村庄里，每二十五个人中就有一人先天性耳聋，全岛总体上耳聋的比例比美国其它地方要高出十七倍。 补充：分数小数表达法1/4 one-fourth 5/9 five-ninths76/93 seventy-six over ninety-three0.2 zero point two0.05 zero point zero five7.726 seven point seven two six 分数的主谓一致：A. 如果由“one in / one out of + 复数名词”构成，动词一般用作单数。One in ten students has failed the exam.One out of twenty cars was badly damaged. B. 如果名词词组由“分数或百分数 + of + n.”构成，其动词形式由of +n.中的n. 决定。Two-thirds of the money has been used.Thirty-five percent of the doctors were women. 补充：倍数共有五种表达法1. three times as many/much as We have produced three times as many computers as we did last year.我们生产的计算机是去年的三倍之多。2. three times the size of 除了size，也可以是length, width, height, depth, age, weight等The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。3. three times + what 从句The length of the road is three times what it was ten years ago.这条路是十年前的三倍长4. three times + 比较级 + thanThis house is three times bigger than that one.这座房子比那座大三倍。5. 比较级 + than + by + 倍数The line is longer than that one by twice. 这根线是那根线的两倍长。 60. 译文：只要你先把钱还我，我就愿意和你谈。 补充：only if 是强调的if ; 而if only是虚拟，表示“要是。就好了”61. 译文：如果你今晚把任务做完，你明天就可以休息。 62. 译文：There wont be any help to the company unless a new public relations plan takes account of all the contents. 63. 译文：如果你能证明海洋深处生活着一种超大鱼类的科学猜测，你将为海洋学的发展做出巨大贡献。 64. 译文：如果我能够考入本科，我一定好好学习，将来为自己的家庭和整个社会多做贡献。 65. 译文：在一些非洲国家，像这样的旱灾会引起粮食产量的大幅减少如：Before liberation, such floods would cause a terrible disaster. 在解放前，像这样的洪水会引起可怕的灾难。又如：But for mobile phones, our communication would not have been so rapid and convenient. 要不是有手机，我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便。表示图表：increase / decrease n. & vt. & vi.sharp +ly / dramatic +ally moderate +ly slow +ly / slight + ly upward trend / downward trend fluctuate vi.波动level off v.走平请见图一The number increased sharply from Jan to Feb and it reached the peak in Feb. After that, there was a downward trend between Feb and April. The figure fluctuated for about two months and it leveled off finally.请见图二In 2008, the number of passengers was four times as much as that of 2000.请见图三 The students going abroad comprise/take up 15 percent of the total.66. 译文：如果我搞到六级答案，我不就过了嘛。 67. 译文：如果我昨天做完了工作，老板现在就不会生气了。68. 译文：作者建议，这所学校应将人力资源管理作为必修课开设。* 注意有的题目中，suggest是动词暗示的意思比如: His attitude suggests that he isnt really interested. 他的态度表明他并不真的感兴趣。 69. 译文：看他说话的样子，他好像醉了。例：It sounds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。 70. 译文：她说起话来好像她去过雅典。一般现在时 一般过去时She has no money. She talks as if she had no money. 好像没钱，事实上她有钱一般过去时 过去完成时She passed the test yesterday. She was cheerful yesterday as if shehad passed a test. 好像通过，其实没过现在完成时 过去完成时She has been to Athenz. She speaks as if she had been to Athenz. 好像去过，其实没去过 附常见地点和艺术家名： 首尔: Seoul东京: Tokyo平壤: Pyongyang西藏: Tibet中国大陆：Chinese Mainland柏林 Berlin米兰 Milan马德里 Madrid巴塞罗那 Barcelona莫斯科 Moscow悉尼 Sydney洛杉矶 L.A. (Los Angeles)旧金山 San Francisco芝加哥 Chicago纽约 NYC 梵高 Van Gogh毕加索 Picasso达芬奇 Da Vinci莫扎特 Mozart贝多芬 Beethoven莎士比亚 Shakespeare 71. 译文：既然你已经做了市场调查，我想和你讨论在美国销售我们产品的可能性。补充A： seeing (that) 鉴于 considering (that) 鉴于 in that 由于 补充B：discuss vt. discuss sth with sbsell v. sale n. in season 旺季补充C：for sale 待售 * She has put her house up for sale. 她的房子现在出售。 Im sorry - this paintings not for sale. 很抱歉, 这幅画是非卖品。on sale 上市，有售；打折* The book will be on sale next month. 这本书将于下个月上市。 I got this hat on sale; it was very cheap. 我在大减价时买到这顶帽子, 价格很便宜。 for rent 供出租 72. 译文：一些面试者只是因为表现得不自信而失去了机会。interviewer n.主持面试者 employee n. employer n.trainee trainer confident adj. 有信心的，自信的self-confident adj. 自信的self-evident adj. 不言而喻的optimistic adj. 乐观的pessimistic adj. 悲观的active adj. 积极的passive adj. 消极的positive adj. 积极的negative adj. 消极的neutral adj.中立的objective adj.客观的indifferent adj.漠不关心的approving adj. 满意的compromising adj. 妥协的73. 译文：我从公司辞职既不是因为我生病了，也不是因为工资太低。 74. 译文：他被清华大学录取不仅是因为他数学好，而且还因为他在编程方面极具天赋。gift /talent n. + for sth gifted / talented adj. + for sthgenius n.天才 Hanamichi Sakuragi 例：Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration. 75. 译文：他们没有接受这个项目要么是因为他们技术没有达到要求，要么是因为他们觉得利润很低。 76. 译文：一本好的英汉词典不是由其厚薄来评定的，而是由其质量来评定的 77. 译文：尽管他们提交的这个新设计有种种不足，但仍应被视为目前最佳的设计之一。94. 译文：在那一次战役中，我们消灭的敌人多达20000人。 95. 译文：林肯所受的全部学校教育总共只不过一年的时间。 96. 译文：= Neither Mary nor Tom is diligent. 玛丽和汤姆两个人都不勤奋。 97. 译文：有一个农家孩子，最多不过 17 岁 98. 译文：= This story is not as interesting as that one. 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。 99. 译文：刚到的不是别人, 正是总统。 补充：more than a. 超过 His insolence is more than I can stand. 我受不了他的无礼。 b. 很, 非常 His answer more than satisfied me. 他的回答使我非常满意。 c. 不只是 His report is more than a survey. 他的报告不只是一份调查。 补充：more or less 差不多，大约，或多或少 * It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling. 粉刷天花板用了将近一整天的时间。* We found each barrel leak more or less. 我们发现每桶都有或多或少的流漏现象。 100. 译文：Although most people like music, not everyone wants to go to the concert. 补充：nothing but 只不过，只有例句：Dont scold her. Shes nothing but a child. 译文：不要责骂她, 她只不过是个孩子。 转向Q9393. 译文：只有生活在水中或水边的动植物尸体最有可能被保存下来，因为保存的必要条件之一是迅速掩埋，所以只有在泥沙不停淤积的海洋和江河里，有时在湖泊里，尸体之类的东西才能被迅速地覆盖而保存下来。 92. 译文：直到二十世纪初人们才学会怎样防止这种疾病的蔓延。 例：He did not finish the homework until last night.Not until last night did he finish the homework.It was not until last night that he finished the homework. 91. 译文：随着环境意识的日益增强，人们认识到如何使用能源至关重要，并且要寻求新的方法。 90. 译文：教授想找出为什么相反地在日本北部的健康农民在相对年轻的年龄就显得开始失去思考与推理的能力的原因以及怎样才能延缓老化过程。 89. 译文：办公室很乱，昨天肯定没有被打扫过。 Tom must be an engineer. 肯定是Tom cant be an engineer. 肯定不是Tom may be an engineer. 可能是Tom must have been an engineer. 过去肯定是Tom cant have been an engineer. 过去肯定不是Tom may have been an engineer. 过去可能是Tom must be watching TV. 肯定正在看Tom cant be watching TV. 肯定不在看Tom may be watching TV. 可能正在看Tom must have been watching TV. 当时肯定正在看Tom cant have been watching TV. 当时肯定不在看Tom may have been watching TV. 当时可能正在看 例：他的手机肯定有问题，我昨天打了好几次都打不通。_ with his cell phone, for I called several times but it couldnt get through.There must have been something wrongshould have done / ought to have done 本应该做某事，事实上没做should not have done 本不该做某事，事实上做了neednt have done 本不必要做某事，事实上做了could have done 本有能力做某事，事实上没做would have done 本来要做某事，事实上没做 88. 译文：他把一生都奉献到建设和谐社会中。一、动词+介词to+动名词* admit to doing sth 承认做了某事 例: He admitted to having stolen the money. 他承认偷了钱。* apply to doing sth 适用于做某事例: These methods apply to learning English. 这些方法适用于英语学习。* object to doing sth 反对做某事例: He objected to being treated like a child. 他反对被当作小孩子看待。* stick to doing sth 坚持做某事例: Reporters should stick to investigating the facts. 记者应坚持调查事实。* take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事例: Soon he took to sleeping late. 不久他就养成了睡懒觉的习惯。二、动词+宾语+介词to+动名词* devote oneself to doing sth 献身于做某事例: She devoted herself to helping the poor. 她致力于帮助穷人* give ones life to doing sth 献身于做某事* give ones mind to doing sth 专心做某事* have a dislike to doing sth 厌恶做某事* have an eye to doing sth 注意做某事* have an objection to doing sth 反对(反感)做某事例: He has a strong objection to getting up so early.他很反感这么早就起床。* pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事 三、be+形容词(含过去分词)+介词to+动名词* be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事 例: This is equal to saying that hes a cheat. 这就等于说他是个骗子。* be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事* be averse to doing sth 反对做某事* be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事例: Im opposed to telling him the news at once. 我反对马上告诉他这消息。* be devoted to doing sth 把时间(钱，精力等)献给做某事* be limited to doing sth把限制在做某事的范围内 四、其他结构+介词to+动名词 * get down to doing sth开始做某事，认真处理某事* look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事* approach to doing 解决方法 87.根据一项最近的调查，每年有四百万人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。下面请参见基础班教材 P4die for 为而死例：He died for the great communist party 为伟大的共产党捐躯die of死于(疾病、饥饿或过度悲伤等) 例：More and more people die of cancer/hunger/grief. 死于癌症/饥饿/过度悲伤的人越来越多了。die from死于(某种原因, 不包括疾病、过度悲伤等) 例：The accident victim died from her injuries. 事故中的伤者伤重死亡。die out (指物种、家族、习惯、观念等)绝迹, 消失 例：That style of music died out ten years ago. 那种风格的音乐10年前就消失了。 86. 译文：我不确定是否能从投资中获取收益，所以我不能明确地承诺帮助你。例：I need to phone and confirm whether the meeting will start at 7 oclock.例：Some doubts about artificial intelligence are closely related to whether computers can think independently.whether 和 if 的区别*whether / if 引导宾从无区别，同从常用whether，主表从只用whether*whether可加不定式，if不加*介词后只用whether*discuss vt.后只用whether*从句中有否定意思，用if例：I dont know if she has no money. 85. 译文：老两口结婚40多年了，从来没有吵过架。例：Hardly had we finished our dinner when the electricity was cut off. 我们刚吃完饭就停电了。例：The witness was told that under no circumstances should he lie to the court. 那位目击证人被告知在任何情况下，都不应该对法庭撒谎。也常考only+ 状语的倒装，尽量译为：“只有。才。”例：Only on Mount Huangshan can you enjoy such beautiful scenery. 只有在黄山，你才能欣赏到如此的美景。转向8383. 译文：The phenomenon that (students are streamed according to their grades in some schools) reflects a serious educational system problem. 例: He proved his theory that (two different weights would fall to the ground