状语和宾语.doc

中考语法专项复习状语从句【考点直击】81.时间状语从句2.条件状语从句3.原因状语从句4.结果状语从句5.比较状语从句6.目的状语从句7.让步状语从句8.地点状语从句考点一：时间状语从句【考例1】Its a serious problem. We cant decide Mr Harris comes back. (2008年，浙江宁波)A. while B. since C. until D. so【简析】C。not.until.是固定结构，意为“直到才”。【考例2】My dog has been lost for two weeks it left home. (2008年，广西柳州)A. when B. while C. until D. since【简析】D。since意为“自从”，引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。【点拨】引导时间状语从句的引导词有when，while，till，until，before, after, since，as soon as等。考点二：条件状语从句【考例】Susan will not arrive at the airport on time she hurries up. (2008年，河北)A. once B. if C. when D. unless【简析】D。unless意为“如果不；除非”，引导条件状语从句，表示否定，相当于if.not。主句常用否定形式，表达“如果不，就不”的含义。【点拨】引导条件状语从句的常见连词有if，unless，once(一旦)等。考点三：比较状语从句【考例】Computers, however, are actually they were five years ago. (2008年，辽宁沈阳)A. so cheap as B. cheaper than C. so expensive as D. much expensive than【简析】B。so.as表示同级比较，但只用在否定结构中，而题干是肯定结构，排除A、C；than应与比较级连用，可排除D，故选B。【点拨】引导比较状语从句的引导词有than，asso.as等。同时注意，as.as可用在肯定句或否定句中，而so.as只用在否定句中；than要与形容词副词的比较级连用；最高级是三者及三者以上进行比较。例如：Of the three boys, he is the tallest. 三个男孩中，他最高。考点四：让步状语从句【考例】I cant still understand the passage there are few new words in it. (2008年，湖北恩施)A. so B. because C. if D. though【简析】D。句意：这个段落虽然没有生词，我仍然读不懂。though意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，符合句意。【点拨】引导让步状语从句的连词有although，though，even if, even though等。考点五：原因状语从句【考例】We didnt enjoy the picnic there was a sudden rain. (2008年，江苏连云港)A. if B. but C. because D. however【简析】C。根据句意“我们野餐玩得不愉快是因为突然下雨了”，故选C。because引导原因状语从句，符合句意。【点拨】引导原因状语从句的引导词有because, as，since等。because表示直接原因，常回答以why开头的问句；since表示双方都知道的原因；as表示原因，语气较弱。考点六：结果状语从句【考例】I got up late I was late for school this morning. (2008年，重庆渝中)A. such；that B. too；to C. as；as D. so；that【简析】D。句意为：今天早上我起床很晚，结果上学迟到了。根据句意，应使用引导结果状语从句的连词，排除B、C；late是副词，用so修饰，故选D。【点拨】引导结果状语从句的连词有so.that, such.that等。so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。但当名词前有many，much，few，little修饰时用so，而不用such。例如：I have so little money that I cant afford to buy a car. 我钱太少，买不起车。考点七：目的状语从句【考例】What would some students like to do after finishing their education?They would like to start to work they neednt depend on their parents completely. (2008年，山东青岛)A. as soon as B. so that C. before D. while【简析】B。根据句意“他们愿意开始工作的目的是不必再依赖父母”可知选B。so that引导目的状语从句，意为“为了；以便”。【点拨】引导目的状语从句的引导词有so that, in order that等。【中考演练】一。单项填空1._hesold，he can still carry this heavy bag. A.Though B.Since C.For D.So2.-Do you know if he_to play basketball with us？-I think he will come if he_free tomorrow.A. comes; is B.comes; will be C.willcome;is D.will come; will be3.In the zoo if a child _into the water and cant swim，the dolphins may come up_him.A.will fall;tohelp B.falls; to help C.will fall;help D.falls;helping4.I dont remember_heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who5.We will stay at home if my aunt_to visit us tomorrow. A.comes B.come C.willcome D.iscoming6.The police asked the children_cross the street_the traffic lights turned green.A.not;beforeB.dont;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after7.I was late for class yesterday_there was something wrong with my bike.A.when B.that C.until D.because8.Ill go swimming with you if I_free tomorrow.A.willbe B.shallbe C.am D.was9.In the exam，the_you are，the_mistakes you will make.A.careful;little B.more careful;fewest C.more careful;fewer D.more careful;less10.You should finish your lessons_you go out to paly. A.before B.after C.when D.while11.I hurried_ I wouldnt be late for class. A.since B.so that C.as if D.unless12.When you read the book，youd better make a mark_you have any questions.A.which B.that C.where D.though13.The teacher raised his voice_all the students could hear him. A.for B.so that C.because D.in order14.He took off his coat_he felt hot. A.because B.as C.if D.since15.It is_that wed like t ogo ou tfor a walk.A.a lovely day B.too lovely a day C.so lovely a day D.such lovely a day16.Mary had_much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A.such B.so C.too D.very17._I felt very tired，I tried to finish the work. A.Although B.Because C.As D.Asif18._the day went on，the weather got worse. A.With B.Since C.While D.As19._well you can drive，you must drive carefully.A.So long as B.In order that C.No matter how D.The moment20.Write to me as soon as you_to Beijing. A.will get B.get C.getting D.got二。根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1.不管他跟我开什麽玩笑，我都不生气。I am not angry with him，_jokes he_on me.2.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。Mrs Bruce was_kind to her students_they_her_their mother.3.只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Our parentswill be pleased with our performance_we try our best.4.你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？Will you please call me_you get to Shanghai.5.这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano_she has kept practicing for two years.6.虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。_，she kept on learning English by herself.7.他长大后相当一名记者。He wants to be a journalist_.8.无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。_windy or rainy，our teacher is always the firs tto get to school.9.如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。_to protecting the environment，the world will become much more beautiful.10.李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。Li Ming didnt come to school_.宾语从句一、直接引语变间接引语1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。1). 一随主指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时, 变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.She said I like playing basketball.She said that _ _ playing basketball .2). 二随宾指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时, 变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.She asked Tom Can I have a look at your picture.She asked Tom if _ could have a look at _ picture .3). 第三人称不更新指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时, 变间接宾语时人称保持不变.She said to me They want to help me.She told me that _ _ to help me .2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthatthose时间状语nowthentodaythat daythis morningthat morning three days agothree days beforeLast week the week beforetomorrowthe next /following daynext yearthe next year地点状语herethere动词comego二. 宾语从句的考查宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.考查宾语从句的语序： 宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 主语+谓语+Do you know when _?A. does the next train leave B. the next train leavesC. will the next train leaveD. the next train will leave 注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有：1).who在从句中作主语。Can you tell me _?(谁将来这儿)2).whats wrong / the matter ? He asked what was the matter with me .3).what happened I dont know what happened yesterday .4).which is the way to .?Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?2.考查宾语从句的引导词1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。She said Im glad to see you = She said _ _ _ gald to see me .2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether .He asked me Are you going to Wuhan ? = He asked me _ _ _ going to Wuhan.Im thinking about _ to go there .A. if B. whether C .that 3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。Do you know _? Im not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman .A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do 4).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，就改为ask /tell sb. not to sth.Dont open the door The teacher said . = The teacher told me _ _ _ the door .3.宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。Can you tell me _? He is a doctor .A. what is he B. what he was C. what he is D. what was he 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。He asked _.A. what time it is B. what time is it C. what time it was D. what time was it He told me that he _ for the sports meet.A. is preparing B. was preparing C. will prepare D. has prepared 注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。Our teacher said that January_(be) the first month of the year.Our teacher said that the earth _(go) around the sun. 2).若主句为could you .?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。Could you tell me _?A. what he was doing B. what was he doing C. what he is doing D. what is he doing 4.if /when 引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。ifWhenif/when从句的时态条件/时间状语从句如果、假如当的时候一般现在时宾语从句是否什么时候一般将来时Can you guess if they_ to play football with us ? I think they will come if they _free.A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be Can you tell me when he_ here tomorrow ? When he _ here , please call me .A. comes , comes B. will come , will come C. will come ,comes D. comes, will come 5.宾语从句的简化：1).宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为动词+ to do sth.I hope I can meet you again .I hope _ _ you again .2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为疑问词+ to do sth.I dont know what I should do next .I dont know _ _ _ next .Could you tell me how I can get there ?Could you tell me _ _ _ there ?John didnt decide which shirt he would buy .John didnt decide _ _ _ _ .3).hear / see / find + that + 从句 ，可改为hear / see / find + sb (要用宾格) + doing sth.I heard that they were singing in the next room.=I heard _ _ in the next room .We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree .We found _ _ with the cat under the tree.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. The teacher asked the students _.A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein bornC. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意为如果.应选A2. Could you tell me _ ?A. what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with youC. hats the matter with you D. whats the wrong with you .解析：what 就是从句的主语，whats the matter with you 本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求，并是一般过去式，可删去答案B; wrong 前不用加the, 因此此题选 C.3.He asked me _ I could sing the song My Heart will Go On. A. if B. weather C.what D. that解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词， 故删去D；weather 意为天气，根据句意应选A.4.Our teacher told us that the moon _ round the earth. A. went B. turned C.go D. turns解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D5. It makes no difference _.A. whether will you come tomorrow. B. Whether or not will be pass the examC. If he will come to the meeting or not D. Whether he will come to the meeting or not解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if 不能与 not 连用。因此此题选D6. They dont know _ their parents are. A.that B. what C. why D. which解析：what 表示职业， 因此选B.7. I am sure _ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who解析：根据句意应用what , 做said 的内容， 你所说的话。应选A.8. The old man told us _ and _.A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do解析： 疑问词what 即连接不定式，又做 do 的宾语； 而在how 引导的不定式短语中， how 表示方式， do 为及物动词， 因此需接宾语才正确应选C练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！1.-Do you know when the World Cup _ next week? - Next Friday. When it _, I will ring you. A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins2.- Today or tomorrow? - What are you talking about? - We are talking about _ to give a talk on WTO. A. how B. where C. when D. what3. I wonder _. A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives4. - Are you sure you have to ? Its been very late. - I dont know _ I can do it if not now. A. where B. why C. when D. how5. -Would you please tell me _?- In a small village near Niingbo. A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born6. The photograph will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like7. - Can you guess if they _ to play basketball with us? - I think theyll come if they _ free. A.will come, will be B. will come, are C. come, are D. come, will be8. -Where does he come from ? - Pardon? - I asked where_. A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from9. She wondered _. A. how much he cost the computer B. how much he paid for the computer C.