初中宾语从句详细讲解与练习[1].doc

宾语从句宾语从句三大块: 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：(1) Is Jim a good student? I dont knowI dont know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种 情况只能用whether： 与or not连用： He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介词之后： It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 在不定式之前： We havent decided whether to go there. I dont know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2.Where does she live? Do you know?Do you know where she lives?.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句That不变I think that we can be good friends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序I cant remember if I posted the letter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序He asked who was our English teacher.注意事项:(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：Whats wrong? Whats the matter?Whats happening? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：一般现在时态一般过去时态现在进行时态过去进行时态(was/were doing)现在完成时态过去完成时态（had +过去分词）一般将来时态过去将来时态（would do;was/were going to do） He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 主句一般现在时态一般过去时态从句保留原来时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.直接引语与间接引语（1）一、定义直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做“直接引语”；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号，这叫做“间接引语”。实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。例如：John said, “Im going to London with my father.” John said that he was going to London with his father. 二、用法直接引语变间接引语时，要用连接词引导，从句中人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语要做相应的变化。具体有：（一）人称的变化：在将直接引语变间接引语时，人称变化有一句顺口溜：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。具体内容是：（1）“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。 从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 例如：She said, “My brother wants to go with me.” She said her brother wanted to go with her. 她说她弟弟想和她一起去。（2）“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人你所修 饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人 称。 例如：He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then. 他问凯特她的妹妹怎么样了。（3）“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三 人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 例如：Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.” Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker. 史密斯先生说杰克是个好工人。（二）时态的变化：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。如果主句的时态是一般现在时，从句的时态不需要变化；如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态要做相应的变化。本单元要掌握的是：当主句的时态是一般过去时时，从句如果是一般现在时，应变为一般过去时。其他时态变化，我们会在下个单选详细讲解。（三）状语、指示代词、动词的变化： 1. 时间状语直接引语间接引语nowthentomorrowthe next（following）daytodaythat dayyesterday the day beforenext week（month, year，etc.）the next（following）week（month, year，etc.）two days agotwo days before last week （month, year, etc.）the week（month, year, etc.）beforethis week（month, year, etc.）that week（month, year, etc.） 2. 指示代词：this变that；these 变成those3. 地点状语：here变成there 4. 动词：come变成go，bring变成take（四）句子结构的变化。直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句，that在口语中常省略。例如：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 她说他们的公共汽车五分钟后到达。1. 直接引语如果是祈使句，变为间接引语时，用tell（ask, advise, order, warn）sb, (not) to do sth. He said to the boy, “Open the window”. He told the boy to open the window.1. 有些直接引语形式上是疑问句，但实际并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、提议、建议或劝告等意义。“Would you mind closing the door?” he asked. He asked me to close the door.“Why dont you take a walk after supper?” he asked. He advised me to take a walk after supper.2. 直接引语如果是以Lets开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest doing / that从句”。He said, “Lets go to the movies.” He suggested going to the movies. 或He suggested that they should go to the movies.1. Do you know_ daughter she is?A. whose B. whom C. what D. who2. They wondered if the teacher_ them some English songs the next week.A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught3. He asked_ picture was Johns.A. whose B. who C. whom D. which4. He told me _ Paris is the capital of France.A. which B. the C. that D. what5. He asked me_ during the summer holiday.A. where I had gone B. where I had beenC. where had I gone D. where had I been6. Can you tell us _ ?A. if your father does B. what does your father doC. your father does what D. what your father does7. He asked me if I knew_ .A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it wasC. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it8. Do you know _ ?A. what are you listening B. what you are listeningC. what you are listening to D. what are you listening to9. -Do you know _ ?-Yes. He is a teacher.A, whom he is B. whom is he C. what is he D. what he is10. Im not sure whether _ tomorrow.A. they will arrive B. will they arrive C. they arrive D. they have arrived 用适当的连词填空1. Do you remember_ China sent up her first man-made satellite?2. I asked him _ he knew Mary.3. I am sure _ you said is true.4. We know_ there is no air on the moon.5. He asked me_ she would come or not.6. Can you tell me_ I can get there?7. Do you know _ it is a bird or not?8. Do you know_ way we should take to get to the hospital?9. She knew _ to do it.10. I dont think _ he was wrong.1. Have you decided _ for Australia?A. when will you leaveB. when do you leaveC. you will leave when D. when you will leave2. Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom livedC. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3. The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema4. I think _ you will like him.A. that B. if C. why D. how5. I didnt know _ he will come or not.A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6. I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoesB. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost7. She asked me _ .A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8. Ask him _ .A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9. I dont know _ .A. what time the movie startsB. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movieD. the movie what time starts10. The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill11. The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow12. Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to13. Could you tell me where _?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape14. They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying15. Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16. No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if17. July didnt know_.A. where is Tims fatherB. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man isD. what was wrong with her watch18. No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do19. We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do20. He asked me _.A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.7. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit t1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom doC. what Tom will do D. what Tom did2. I want to know_.A. what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?A. that B. whether C. what D. which4. Jim doesnt understand _.A. which is the way to the museumB. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museumD. why does she always go shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for?A. that B. whose C. who D. which6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening.A. when does his son come homeB. when his son comes homeC. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning?A. how does he mendB. how he mendsC. how he mended D. how did he mend即学即练子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11) Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12) Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _ _.13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _they _fried chicken.15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.单项选择1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案：Dhope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。2)I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案：A从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案：A本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。4)Do you know _？Im going to see him.Sorry，I dont know.A.where does Mr.Li liveB.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li livesD.where Mr.Li lived答案：C宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer？Sorry，I have no idea.A.；boughtB.has；boughtC.did；buyD.does；buy答案：Ado you think是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。6)I cant understand _ he likes computer games so much.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案：C句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry，I have no idea.A.how much did she pay forB.how much will she pay forC.how much she paid forD.how much she will pay for答案：C宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由last week判断应该用过去时态。8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)I dont know _ tomorrow.Can you tell me?A.when we startedB.when did we startC.when we will startD.when will we start答案：C由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。经典例题例1In the bookshop，a reader asked the