广东省天河区高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 it用法02.doc

it用法精讲精炼02 【考点诠释】考点 it的用法在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：1指代作用(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词)。如：although we cannot see it，there is air all around us虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的周围。(2)代替前面的整个句子。如：it is said that he has died of a disease，but it isnt true据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：一what is this?这是什么?一its a bike是自行车。(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：the baby cried because it was hungry婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)一who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?一its me是我o(5)指环境、情形等。如：i cant stand it any longer我再也不能容忍这种情况了。take it easy别紧张。it doesnt matter没关系。(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：its getting colder and colder now现在越来越冷了。it is winter now现在是冬天了。2形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如：(i)its no use crying over spilt milk谚覆水难收。it takes three generations to make a gentleman谚十年树木，百年树人。 (2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：you must make it clear to them that the situation is serious你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。)they thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。特别提示形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。the boy likes it when you do that那个男孩喜欢你那样做。3强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：it is/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。【2016高考模拟试题精讲精炼】1. do you allow smoking in the office?no_ smoking here will be finedawhoever banyone cwho danyone who【答案】b【解析】考查代词。空格后的smoking 作定语，相当于who smokes，所以只能用anyone，语境为：任何一个在这里吸烟的人都要被罚款。2. have you got any idea for the summer vacation? yes. im going to a peaceful place, especially _ suitable for relaxation. a. one b. the one c. that d. this【答案】a【答案】考查代词用法。答语的意思是“我将去一个宁静的地方，尤其是一个适合放松的地方”。one代指a place。3. what do you think of the furniture on exhibition? well, great! but i dont think much of _ you bought athe one bit cthat dwhich 【答案】c【解析】考查代词辨析。此处使用that替代不可数名词furniture，其后为定语从句，省略了作宾语的关系代词which或that。注意the one用于替代特指意义的单数名词，不能替代不可数名词。4. they dont come to the book club any more, for _ reasons or other.a. some b. all c. either d. both【答案】a 【答案】考查代词的用法。句意：他们不再来图书俱乐部了，因为这样或那样的原因。5. we all regard _our duty to help those who are too poor to go to school.a. thisb. itc. thatd. us【答案】b【答案】考查代词的用法。代替后面的动词不定式“to help”作形式主语，要用it。句意为：帮助那些贫穷上不起学的需而生是我们的责任。6. could you tell me where you bought your beautiful handbag? i want to buy_ too aone bthat cthis dit 【答案】a【答案】考查代词的用法。it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物，但one为泛指, 相当于aan名词; that为特指, 相当于the 名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 aan some any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the this that。这里指代a handbag，一个手提包，用one。句意为：你能告诉我你是从哪里买的这个漂亮的手提包吗？我也想买一个。7. knowledge from real life isnt easier to forget than _ achieved from textbooksait bthat cone dthose【答案】b【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：来自现实生活的知识和从教科书中获得的知识相比不容易忘记。在比较级中用that指代knowledge。故选b项。8. car seat belts save livesevery driver should wear _to ensure their safetyathis bit cthat done【答案】d 【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：车上的安全带能起到挽救生命的作用。每个司机都应该系上安全带以确保其自身的安全。one指car belt，表示泛指。9. the cost of renting a house in beijing is higher than in any other city of china. a. one b. it c.that d. this【答案】c【解析】考查代词。that表示特指，指代前面提到的那类物，即the cost。而it 表示特指，指代前面提到的那个事物（是同一个），用于指可数名词单数或不可数名词；one 表示泛指,代替前面提到的同类人或物,但不是同一个人或物。10 marys parents admitted that she was always contrary to a wish of athem btheirs ctheir dthemselves【答案】b【解析】 考查名词性物主代词的用法。这里相当于their wishes，所以用名词性的物主代词。11. those who put their money away in the bank know very well that interest rate could go _.a. both waysb. all waysc. neither wayd. either way【答案】d【解析】考查语境化选词。那些把钱存进银行里的人都知道利率可能增长也可能降低，二者有其一，所以选either way。12. my uncle promised to buy me a nice gift for my birthday, beyond my imagination. a. the one b. a one c. anything d. something【答案】d【解析】 考查代词辨析。作单数birthday的同位语，可以用one 也可以用something。句意为：叔叔答应为为我买一件漂亮的生日礼物，超出我想想的东西。13. equipped with the latest facilities, today s schools are quite different from _ of the pastait bthose cones done【答案】b【解析】考查代词辨析。代替的是同名但不是同一个内容的复数名词schools，用those。句意为：今天的学校配备上了最新的教学设备，和过去的学校迥然不同了。14. i would appreciate if you could teach me how to use the computer.a. that b. this c. it d. you【答案】c【解析】考查it做形式宾语。appreciate 后面跟宾语从句时要用形式主语it。类似的动词还有like，hate等。15. as we know, tomatoes can be cooked, juiced, eaten whole, sliced, diced or _awhenever bhow chowever dwhatever【答案】d考查代词。【解析】or whatever表示“任何类似的东西”，用于已经提及的一两个东西之后表示同类的其他东西。16. the employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _.a. them b. those c. it d. that【答案】c【解析】考查代词it的用法。这里指代的是上文的“the employment rate”，所以用代词it。17. building a new school is one thing, while keeping it running smoothly is quite _athe other banother cneitherdothers【答案】b 【解析】考查代词。句意为：“建新校是一方面，而让它平稳运转则是另一方面”。another表示“另一；又一”。18.hi, john! im going to hungary for my holidayhungary? a splendid country, _ well worth visitingait bone cwhich dthat【答案】b【解析】考查代词。做同位语，相当于a country。答语的意思是：匈牙利？一个风景优美国家，一个很值得参观的国家。19. have you got enough tickets?not yet. we just need _ one.a. other b. the second c. another d. the other【答案】c 【解析】考查代词辨析。another one意为：另外