第二章 冠词.doc

何为冠词？冠词的“冠”字，就是“帽子”的意思，谁的帽子呢，名词的帽子，因为冠词总是位于名词的前面，就像一个帽子一样总是戴在名词的前面，因此把它形象地叫做名词的“冠”词。冠词中的三兄弟A an the 不定代词a和an用法：1）表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个，经常是第一次提到某人或某物。如：He has a girlfriend. I have an elephant. 2)表示人或事物的某一类，强调整体，以一个表一类。如：A horse is useful to mankind.马对人类有用3）放在时间速度价格等前，表示“每一”的意思，相当于every 如：we often go to school two times a day.4）用于说明身份和职业如:i am a teacher.5)在感叹句中用于单数名词前What a funny boy!多么有意思的一个男孩。6）常考短语（必背）a little（不可数） /a few（可数） 一点 a type of 一种类型a pair of 一双 a lot of 很多in a hurry 急忙 in a minute 一会，马上 in a word 总而言之have a try 尝试 have a look 看一看have a good time 玩得愉快have a rest 休息一下have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧不定冠词的用法 口诀： 不定冠词两变体，用a或an都表“一”； 可数名词首次提，何人何物不具体； 某类人、物任一个，有时还要表“每一”。选用方法：a or an？口诀：用 a 用an 这样分，不看字母看读音不见“原因（元音）”别施“恩n”以元音音素素开头的字母用an以辅音音素的用a如：an apple pl a boy b难点：1特殊以元音字母开头确不能用an的单词useful jusfl有用的, university ,junvst大学usual juul通常的, European ,ju r pi: n欧洲的, one- eyed wn, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，其读音是以辅音开头。 In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one- way road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing. (在一所大学里，有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走，这是件平常的事。) 考点：小升初真题1）Theres “h” in the word “hour”.a B. the C. an D./2) He is living European countrya B. the C. an D./3）a little girl worte “U”and “N”on the blackboard.A.a B. the C. an D./h eit 难点：2 当表示一人兼多种身份的情况，只在第一个名词前加冠词如：A doctor and writer sits at the table.当两个名词表示两个不同的人或事物,二者前均需加冠词 A doctor and a writer sit at the table.The定冠词1）指双方都知道的人或事物。如：Take the medicine. 把药吃了2）指上文提到过的人或物。如：He has a girlfriends, the girlfriend is her neighbor.3）用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。如：the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, the moonetc.4）与单数名词前连用表示某人或某物。The fox is cunning.5）用在少数形容词前表示一类人或事物。如：the old, the poor, the blind, etc.The old need(复数) love.The poor are poor.6）用在序数词和形容词最高级前 。如：He is the first one to help me This is the biggest city in the world.7)在方位及only，same词前用the如：on the right 在 右边 on the left 在左边 in the middle of 在中间I live in the north.(south.west,east)I like the same color8）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Peoples Republic of China, etc. The Great Wall9）在表示乐器前（西洋）如：the piano ， erhu10)用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫妇”。如：the Greens, the Blacks, etc.11）用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前。如：the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea, the Taiwan Island, etc12）用在某些习惯用语中。如：in the morning, 在早上 by the way, 顺便 书本上12页etc定冠词的基本用法歌曰： 定冠词用法有规律，防止遗志很容易。 特指双方都熟悉，上文已经被提及。 世上无二仅独一，序数词和最高级。 山河海岛建筑物，姓氏复数奏乐器。 少数形表人一类，方位名词须牢记。 普构专有惯用词，试用此诀有效率。“0”冠词零冠词的基本用法 歌曰：下列情况不用冠，代词限定名词前； 专有名词不可数，球类学科与三餐； 复数名词表泛指，节日月份星期前； 颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。零冠词（不用冠词）1)专有名词（国民，地名，人名）、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前。如：China，water，music, etc2)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词或不定代词等限定词。如：The letter is in her bag. I have some questions.3)复数名词表示泛指。如：books are useful.4）球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前。如：We have English and math every day5)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前。如：June 1 is Childrens Day6)表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前。如：I like red. I can speak english . Headmaster Li comes to Class.7)某些固定词组或习惯用语中。如：at night, go to school, by bus, at home on foot at first at last at once etc.定冠不定冠 意思差千万有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：1)at table在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁2)in class在上课； in the class在班级中3)go to school去上学; go to the school到那所学校去4)go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去5)in front of在的前面 ; in the front of在的前部.(2008年)_ youngest leader in China is man called Lu HaoAThe；a BA；the CA；a DAn；allHe is _ strongest pupil in our class. A. a B. an C. the2. Hell come back in _ hour. A. a B. an C. the3. She has _ egg and some milk every morning. A. a B. an C. the4. Alice likes to go _ shopping with her friends. A. / B. a C. the5. Tom is playing _ football, and Lily is playing _ piano. A. /, / B. the, / C. /, the6. _ sun is bigger than _ moon. A. The, the B. /, / C. The, /7 _ elephant is _ useful animal .A An an B An a C The an8 His aunt will be back in _ hour .A a B an C the9 I have _ important meeting to attend .A a B an C the 10 She is too tired ,so she wants to have_ rest . A a B an C the 11 Foshan is a beautiful city .Ill come here _second time . A a B the C an 1 Mr. Wang bought _ house ._ house is not far from the lake .A a An B the The C a The2 Would you please pass me _sugar on the table ? A a B the C an 3 _earth we live on is bigger than _ moon.A The, a B The , the C A , the4 _ Blacks are going to the park this Sunday .Why dont we go for _ walk ? A A , a B The , a C The, the1. _ useful book 2. _ Beijing 3. _ Class 12 Grade 3 4. have _ lunch 5. have _ big lunch6. in _ morning 7. in _ cold morning8. _ Mr Li 9. _ university10. _ umbrella 11. _ hour12. _ engineer 13. _ forth street14. _ day before yesterday15. play _ chess play _ golf16. _ few _ little17. by _ time go to _ cinema18. at _ breakfast at _homeHomework today背默不定冠词，定冠词与零冠词的口诀 习题14 15页+天天练卷子做阅读day18 常考词组10 12 13 默一 用a或an填空- “U” -ice-cream -goalkeeper -teapot -apple-English book -office -unit -hour -umbrella填入a、an或/ 1.Miss Wang is _ air hostess. Her father is _ engineer. And her mother is _ housewife.2.He has _ uncle and his uncle works in _ university. 3.How many months are there in _ year? How many days are there in _ month? How many hours are there in _ day? How many minutes are there in _ hour?4.Our teacher is talking with _ old man from _ France. 5.Christine is _ student. She is not _ German. She is _ French. She has _ German car. 6.There is _ big photo and _ oil painting on the wall. 7.He has _ new shirt. That _ shirt is white.定冠词与不定冠词表类指时的区别用英语表示类属通常有三种方法：一是用不定冠词，二是用定冠词，三是将名词改为复数。如：A cobra is a very poisonous snake. 眼镜蛇是非常毒的蛇。（任何一条眼镜蛇，作为蛇这种爬虫类中的一个实例）The cobra is dangerous. 眼镜蛇是危险的。（指的是蛇的一种类别，它不同于其他类别，比如草蛇）Cobras are dangerous. 眼镜蛇是危险的。（指的是这一类的全体，即具有眼镜蛇特点的一切蛇）又如：“马是有用的动物”可以译为：A horse is a useful animal. =The horse is a useful animal. =Hor