英语培训教案.doc

培训班2015年暑期小学英语培训教案目 录1.语音部分1语音练习132.语法部分 19 语法练习283.教法部分 37 教法练习644.教材部分 64 Book One64 Exercises 70Book Three86 ExercisesBook Five ExercisesBook Seven Exercises山店培训班二一五年七月 苏老师1.语音部分要想说好英语语音，就要有英语语音的一些基本知识。关于语音的几个概念:1.语音：由人的发音器官发出，并且代表一定词汇意义的声音。2.字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u.3.音标：词的语音形式。4.音素：语音的最小的单位。英语中有48个音素。5.音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand6.元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不受阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。7.辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。8.开音节：1) 辅音+元音+辅音+e e.g. name, bike;2) 辅音+元音 e.g. he, go, hi；9.闭音节：1) 辅音+元音+辅音 e.g. bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; 2)元音+辅音 e.g. it, at;10.重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。11.发音器官图： 1. 上唇 Upper lip 2. 下唇 Lower lip 3. 上齿 Upper teeth 4. 下齿 Lower teeth 5. 上齿龈 Upper teeth ridge 6. 硬腭 Hard palateplt 7. 软腭 Soft palate 8. 小舌 the uvulaju:vjul9. 舌端The tip of the tongue 10. 舌前The front of the tongue 11. 舌后 The back of the tongue 12. 喉头 throat 13. 声带 the vocal cords vukl k:dz 14. 器官 organs 15. 咽头 the pharynx friNks 16. 口腔 the mouth cavity kvti 17. 鼻腔 the nasal cavity要发好每一个音素，首先要知道这些音是怎样发出来的。只有知道了确切的发音部位才能摆好姿势发出准确的音来。英语发音器官最活跃的要数以下几个： 舌、唇、齿和齿龈、声带，学习本课程的过程中请细心观察。. 元音： 1.前元音（4个）：1）i: sea, he, see, piece, ceiling2）i sit, build, miss, myth （神话）3）e bed, desk, head,4） bad, land, bank, stamp2.中元音（两个）5）: girl, work, serve, nurse6） cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday, writer3.后元音（6个）7）: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt 8） hot, want, soft9）: door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught10）u: who, blue, soup, too11）u look, put, woman, good, could12） cup, come, blood, rough, brother4.双元音（8个。其中合口双元音5个，集中双元音3个。）13）ei cake, they, play, eight, great14）ai bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye15）u phone, cold, boat, soul, grow16）au house, town, now17）i boy, oil, toy18）i dear, idea, deer, here, fierce（凶猛的）19） pear, care, there, fair20）u tour, poor, sure元音读音特点记忆歌诀：元音本是基本音，读起它来声音宏；声带明显有振动，器官无阻气流通。. 容易混淆的元音：1. e bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land2. i: ei reel (一卷) rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid（袭击）3. e ai bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide4. au : house horse; loud lord; south sauce （辣酱油）; now nor; count corn; cloud clause5. au found fond; gown（长袍）gone; down done. 辅音辅音在发音时不起主要作用，它不是主音，而是协助元音发音的音。因为它对元音起辅助作用，所以称为辅音。辅音按其发音的清晰程度，可以分为清辅音和浊辅音两种。辅音的发音不像元音那样宏亮，发音时气流受到发音器官的阻碍，其中：浊辅音发音时声带稍有振动，清辅音发音时声带不振动。辅音发音特点记忆歌诀：辅音读时非常轻，气流受阻不畅通；浊音声带稍振动，尾部不能带元音。按照发音部位分：辅音分为六种音，爆破、摩擦和破擦，鼻音、舌音、半元音。1.爆破音（6个）p pen, pear, soup b bed, bank, Octobert tell, let, tall d day, played, wantedk cold, sky, quick, school, box g big, go, guess, language2.摩擦音（10个，其中成对的8个，单列的2个）f five, cough, laugh v voice, of, very think, three, bath this, bathe, theys sit, miss, science, case, scarf z zoo, close, raise sure, she, social, nation Z pleasure, vision, garage h hot, who, howr read, write, orange记忆摩擦音的歌诀：摩擦音共十个，两两成对有八个；剩下两个是rh，摩擦部位各有别，f v为上齿和下唇摩擦而成，s z为舌尖抵下齿摩擦而成； Z 为舌尖双齿而成。r为舌尖上腭摩擦而成，h为气流通口腔摩擦而成。3.鼻辅音（3个）m man, many, come n nine, knife, lessonN bank, uncle, English, sing记忆鼻辅音的歌诀：鼻辅音数不多，m n N只三个；闭嘴、张嘴、音通鼻，尾部千万别带。4.半元音（2个）j yes, you, young w wall, what, question半元音，是说这两个音本属于辅音，但在朗读时一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，有了元音的性质。记忆半元音歌诀：/w/和/j/是好汉，既能当辅又当元，说是元音实是辅，音长让给元音占。5.舌侧音（1个）l land, world, look 舌侧音是指从舌头一侧或两侧发出的声音，英语的舌侧音通指l或r。l是清音、r是浊音或含糊音。记忆舌侧音的读音歌诀：(ru)去(u)，(le)去(e)，使用舌尖顶上腭；音从舌头两边出，读时舌尖别下落。6.破擦音(6个)tS child, teach, catch dZ joke, bridge, largets boats, Switzerland, dates dz goods, needs, spadestr tree, try, trousers dr dream, dry, driver记忆破擦音的歌诀：爆破、摩擦称破擦；破擦音六分组仨；tS dZtsdz和tr dr,相互对应把音发. 容易混淆的辅音1.v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well2.s sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math3.z closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes4.n N thin /thing; in/sing; ban/bang ; win/wing; ran/rang. 读音规则1.重读音节: summer, holiday, blackboard, forget, begin, arrive2.非重读音节 banana, student, today, afteri orange, secret, evening, very, Monday. 特殊读音1.音的连读：notatall, halfanhour, I love you andall. afterall2.失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, black dog, empty, extreme3.音的同化(指的是某个音由于受邻近的音的影响而发生读音的变化，变成与接邻的音相同或相近的音)：Would you do it? Cant you see it? ten minutestemminits, I dont careai douNk k. 重音1.单词重音 双音节词 一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry 有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。about, believe, address, decide, report, condemn（谴责）, respect, compare, inform, discuss, impress（给予印象）, mistake, enforce（强迫）, prepare, employ, permit, escape, produce, exclaim, translate 有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。record, record; insult（n.侮辱）, insult（v.侮辱）; conduct（品行）, conduct（为人）; present, present; content, content（竞争）.有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。outside, retell, well-known, unreal, fifteen, Chinese, pre-war, post-war.多音节词.一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult, communist, family, economy, opportunity, democracy.有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。carefully, indefinite, comfortable, conductor, according, disturbance (动乱), complicated, establishment（建立）.词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous（有礼貌的）, calligraphy（书法）, editorial, historian, periodic（周期的）, mathematics, experience,sufficient（充足的）, identify（等同，鉴定）, translation, religious, curiosity（好奇心）, protective.词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。entertain（招待）, employee, mountaineer（登山运动员）, Japanese, cigarette2.句子重音 英语的节奏：英语句子里句子重音之间的间隔时间基本相等，这个特点就叫节奏。e.g. I dont think I can do it. The house was beside the bank.Some of us must wait here a little while. 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反身代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be. 实词不重读的特殊情况： 实词第二次出现He thinks of that as a child thinks. 一个名词被第二个名词修饰I met her in the railway station. 代替词Which book do you want? The small one. 感叹词中的 what 和howWhat a good day it is! How beautiful she is! street 在专有名词中Wangfujing Street. this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening 虚词重读的特殊情况 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.I dont like you. He isnt a worker. 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room. 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, Ill visit you. When he comes, Ill tell him. 反身代词表示强调。He couldnt come himself.字母及字母组合的读音1. 元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u在重读音节中的读音（1）在开音节中读ei, i:, ai, ou, ju:e.g. name, complete, bike, type, hope, use（2）在闭音节中读, e, i, ，/ue.g. cat, pen, little, not, cut, put（3）a在-sk,-sp,-ss,-st,-ff,-ft,-nce,-th等前时长读作:。e.g. ask, grasp, class, last, staff(人员)，after, dance, bath 在-nge,-ste前读作ei。e.g. change, danger, taste, paste. 在w音后读作: e.g. what, want, quality, quarrel. 在少数词中读e：e.g. many, any, ate, Thames（4）e在有些词中读i。e.g. England, pretty（5）i在词尾的-ld, -nd前读作ai,在-que等前读i:。e.g. child, wild, find, kind; technique, fatigue（疲劳），machine，magazine.（6）o在m,n,v,ther前有时读作,后接词尾-st, -th时常读作ou， 还有时读作u或u:。e.g. come, some, son, front, love, cover, brother, mother; ghost, host, both；wolf, woman, move, prove, lose, who.但也有例外，e.g. cost, lost, cloth.（7）u在词中位置时常读ju:，但前接r, j或l时则读u:. e.g. pupil, amusement, rude, ruler, junior, June, flute, revolution（8）半元音字母y: 在元音字母前读作j，在词尾时读作ai.e.g. you, yet, my, sky, reply, supply.2. 元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u在非重读音节中的读音（1）a一般读作E，e.g. afraid, America, breakfast；在重读音节前、后接两个不同音的辅音字母时读作Q，e.g. activity, ambition；在重读音节后有时读作i，e.g. comrade, village, orange, spinachspinidZ.（2）e一般读作E，e.g. sentence, average, excellent；有时读作i，特别在词首时，e.g. event, effect, knowledge；在少数词中读作e, e.g. comment, content; 有时在词中位置不发音，e.g. interest, every, evening.（3）i(y)一般读作i，e.g. opening, office, early；y在动词词尾读作ai， e.g. satisfy, justify(为辩护)。例外，study. 在词尾-se, -ze前常读作ai,但若紧跟着重读音节时则读作i，e.g. exercise, realize, analyse; promise, ptactise.（4）o一般读作E，e.g. oppose, method, provide；在词尾一般读作ou，e.g. photo, piano, potato; 有时读作，e.g. objective, prosperity.（5）u一般读作E，e.g. success, August, focus；在词中位置时往往读作ju:,但若在辅音字母r,j后则读作u, e.g. communism, occupy ，instrument, prejudice(偏见)；后接辅音字母不发音e的词尾时读作ju:，e.g. attitude, institute（学院），refuse（废料）.3.字母组合ar, er, ir(yr), or, ur在重读音节中的读音（1）后接辅音字母或在词尾时,ar读作A:, e.g. farm, hard, focus；er, ir, ur读作E:, e.g. term, pefer, bird, girl, hurt, nurse；or读作:, e.g. horse, sport.（2）后接另一个r时, a, e, i(y), o, u分别读作Q, e, i, O, V, e.g. carry, error, mirror, horror, hurry.（3）ar在w音后读作O:, e.g. warm, quarter, warn; or在w音后读作E:, e.g. work, world, worse, 但worn读作WO:n.（4）er在个别词中读A:，e.g. clerk, sergeant（军士）.4.字母组合ar, er, ir(yr), or, ur在非重读音节中的读音一般读作E，e.g. particular，standard, perform, teacher, martyr(烈士)，effort, doctor, surprise, Saturday；有例外，e.g. record，import, participatepA:tisipeit(参加)等。5.字母组合-are, -ere, -ire, -ore, -ure在重读音节中的词尾分别读作CE, iE, aiE, O:, JUE或UE, e.g. square, care, adhere(坚持), here, fire, tire, tyre, bore, store, pure, cure, sure.但areA:, there, where, were.6.字母组合air, ear, eer, eir, ier, oar, oor, our的读法：（1）air读作CE, e.g. air, hair, affair。（2）ear可读作：E:, 后接一个辅音字母时，e.g. early, learn, search; 但beardbiEd, hearthA:t.iE, 在元音前或词尾时，e.g. ear, dear, clear, tear(眼泪); 但在下列词中读作CE, bear, pear, tear（撕扯），swear（发誓）wear。（3）eer读作iE, e.g. beer, deer, engineer.（4）eir读作CE或iE, e.g. their, heirCE（继承人）, weirwiE(导流坝)，weirdwiEd（古怪的）。（5）ier读作iE, e.g. fierce（激烈的）, carrier（搬运人）。 （6）oar读作:, e.g. oar（浆）, board，hoarse（嘶哑的）。（7）oor读作: 或UE, e.g. door, floor, poor, moormUE（沼）。 （8）our可读作：auE(特别在词尾时), 后接一个辅音字母时：e.g. our, hour, devour（吞没）。O:(多在词中)：e.g. course, court, source(水源)。 uE(在少数外来词中)：e.g. tour, bourgeoisbuEZWA:。 E(在词尾不重读时), e.g. colour, honour, neighbour, labour。6.字母组合ai, ay重读时一般读作ei, 非重读时读作i, e.g. wait, main, play, say; portrait, mountain, Sunday, holiday.7.字母组合al重读时在k前读作O:, e.g. walk, talk; 在f或m前读作A:, e.g. calm, palm, half, calf; 在其他情况下（包括在非重读音节中）一般读作QL或O:L, e.g. algebraQLdZibrE(代数)，AltairQLtCE(牛郎星)，although, salt, always.8.字母组合au重读时一般读作O:, e.g. cause, launch, fault; 例外，becauseO, sausageO(香肠), auntA:, gaugeei(标准尺寸)。9.字母组合augh重读时一般读作O:, e.g. daughter, naughty, caught; 个别词中读A:f: laugh, draught。10.字母组合aw重读时一般读作O: saw, dawn, awful, law. 11.字母组合ea重读时在d前或在词尾-ant, -en, -ous, -ure, -th等前读作e, e.g. bread, dead, head，例外，lead, bead i:(珠子)；pleasant, heaven, jealous, measure, health;其他情况一般读i:，e.g. sea，meat, eat, leave, weak;在有些词中读ei, e.g. break, steak, great.12.字母组合ee重读时一般读作i:, e.g. need, see, meet, green; 例外，threepencee(三便士)。13.字母组合ei, eigh, ey重读时一般读作ei, e.g. feint（假装），heinous(恶毒的) ,eight, weight, grey, they; ei在c后读作i:，e.g. ceiling，deceive, receive; 在个别词中读i:, seize, key; ai: either, height, eye; e: leisure(闲暇), heifer(小母牛)；在非重读音节中读i: money, alley(胡同).14.字母组合ew重读时一般读作ju:, e.g. new, few, nephew; 在l, r, j后读作u: blew, grew, jewel.15.字母组合ie重读时一般读作i:, e.g. achieve, niece, brief; 在t前读作aiE: quiet, society, diet(饮食).16.字母组合igh重读时读作ai, e.g. light, high, fight.17.字母组合oa重读时读作ou, e.g. boat, load, soap, float.18.字母组合oi, oy重读时读作Oi, e.g. point, coin, toy, boy.19.字母组合oo重读时一般读作u:, e.g. choose, too, moon; 在k前及个别词中读u: look, took, good, foot, wood, wool;例外，bloodblVd, floodflVd, broochbroutS(饰针) . 19.字母组合ou重读时一般读作au: house, count, south; 其次常读V: country, couple, touch, young; 还有读ou: shoulder, soul, poultry (家禽)；u: group, soup, wound; u: courier(信使)，could, would, should.19.字母组合ough重读时一般读作O:, e.g. ought, fought,thought;重读音节后读E: thorough, borough(自治城市)，还有其他读法等。20.字母组合ow重读时一般读作au, e.g. crowd, fowl(家禽),shower, how, down; 另还有读ou: e.g. own, bowl, known, flown；在词尾时读作au：allow, how, now, brow; 或ou：show, flow, throw; 紧跟重读音节时读作ou: tomorrow, follow, window, sorrow.21.字母组合ui重读时一般读作u:, 特别在j, r后：e.g. juice，fruit, 但suit等；在b, j后或紧接着重读音节后读作i: build, biscuit, circuit, guilty (有罪的).语音练习题Part 1I.选出划线部分的读音与其他三个不同的词.( ) 1. A. face B.black C.hand D.cat ( ) 2. A. nose B.dog C.fox D.hot( ) 3. A. red B.yellow C.be D.hen ( ) 4. A.white B.pink C.tiger D.bike( ) 5. A.blue B.but C.cup D.upII.写出单词中划线字母的音标1. eye 2.mother 3.duck 4.fish 5.snake 6.give 7.student 8.leg 9.animal 10.ago III.找出下列单词中含有所给音素的单词.( )1. e A.after B.animal C.any D.game ( )2. i: A.evening B.every C.get D.help( )3. a A.is B.time C.beautiful D.hit ( )4. A.piano B.October C.potato D.office( )5. ju: A.put B.uncle C.use D.under IV. 判断下列两组单词的划线部分字母发音是否相同.( )1.answer / apple ( ) 2.basketball / fast ( ) 3.before / best ( )4.medicine / bed ( ) 5.brother / borrow ( ) 6.cake / orange( ) 7.clock / close ( ) 8.clever / December ( ) 9.come / computer ( )10.drink / driver ( ) 11.duck / put ( ) 12.doctor / not( )13.excuse / every ( ) 14.family / face V.找出与所给单词发音相同的单词.( )1.April A.any B.aunt C.after D.date ( )2.egg A.dress B.eye C.enjoy D.elephant( )3.family A.find B.Friday C.fish D.holiday( )4.homework A.hot B.hello C.into D.lot( )5.luck A.minute B.put C.summer D.student VI.在下列各组中选择出划线元音字母读它本音的词.( )1. Acap Bname Ctall Dthat( )2. Anot Bopen Corange Dmoney( )3. Afine Bhis Cthis Dthin( )4. Asun Bunder Cstudent Druler( )5. Aright Bthink Csix Dbig( )6. AEnglish Bme Ceye Dseven ( )7. Aover Bshoe Cmother Dcome( )8. Ayellow Bdress Celeven Dshe( )9. Aduck Bcup Cexcuse Dmuch( )10. Aface Bfamily Canimal DawayPart 2 I.判断下列每组单词划线字母的读音，相同的划“”，不同的划“”1.warm party ( ) 2. all autumn ( ) 3.play rain ( ) 4. life live ( ) 5.head see ( ) 6. boy toy ( ) 7.school book ( ) 8. girl shirt ( ) 9.die high ( ) 10. easy heavy ( )11.think thank ( ) 12. another borrow ( ) 13.same came ( ) 14. light library ( ) 15.when who ( ) 16. shoe English ( ) 17.arrive list ( ) 18. horse airport ( ) 19.this mouth ( ) 20. busy use ( ) II.圈出画线部分发音不同的单词( )1. A. think B. with C. thank D. three( )2. A. watched B. listened C. borrowed D. arrived( )3. A. teacher B. head C. sea D. read( )4. A. where B. bear C. dear D. pear( )5. A. milk B. rice C. nice D. white( )6. A. work B. horse C. short D. sport( )7. A .saw B. how C. draw D. know( )8. A. hair B. hear C. chair D. pear( )9. A. farm B. warm C. hard D. car ( )10. A. father B. panda C. dance D. fastIII.写出单词中划线字母或字母组合的音标1. rain play 2. warm quarter 3. draw saw 4. chair hair 5. class pass 6. bear pear 7. head bread 8. teacher see 9. ear hear 10. high nightIV. 选出划线部分的读音与其他三个不同的词.( ) 1. A. sit B. like C. right D. nice( ) 2. A. worry B. wrong C. week D. way ( ) 3. A. bread B. meat C. eat D. seat( ) 4. A. us B. bus C. use D. duck( ) 5. A.great B. glass C. girl D. orangeV.找出画线部分读音与所给单词相同的单词.( ) 1. head A.