2014职称英语综合类完型填空考前必看!.doc

A Powerful InfluenceThere can be no doubt at all(根本) that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly ever（几乎不） doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are curious（对好奇） to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful（伤害） to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at （盯着看成） their computers?Obviously, if children are bent over their computers for hours, absorbed（沉迷） in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should make（利用） of the Internet, and the child should give his or her word（诺言） that it wont interfere(妨碍) with homework. If the child is not holding（坚持） to this arrangement(安排), the parent can take more drastic(严厉的，极端的) steps（采取措施） dealing with a childs use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating（协商）_ any other sort of bargain about(就(某物)讨价还价) behaviour. Any parent who is seriously（严重） alarmed about a childs behaviour should make an appointment(约定) to discuss（讨论） the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily（必定） affect a childs performance at school. Even if a child is absolutely（完全地） crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just going（度过） through a phase(阶段，时期), and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!Helen and MartinWith a thoughtful sigh(长叹一声), Helen turned away from the window and walked back to her favourite armchair(扶手椅). Would（将要） her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much.Over the years Helen had given up (放弃)_ waiting for Martin to take an interest in her. Her feelings for him had gradually weakened(变淡)_ until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sisters. curiosity(好奇心) to see what had become(发生事) of her brother.Almost without warning(预兆) , Martin had lost his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadnt bothered(烦扰) to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her confidence(对有信心) in her own judgment growing. Ignoring(不顾) the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway through(过程中) her course and now, to the astonishment(惊讶;令人惊讶的事物) of the whole family, she was gaining(获得) a fast-growing reputation(名声，名誉;声望) in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live on(靠) from her paintings.Of course, she took(对) no pleasure in Martins sudden misfortune(不幸;灾祸，灾难), but she couldnt help(忍不住) looking forward to her brothers arrival with quiet(暗暗地) satisfaction(满意，满足) at what she had achieved.School LunchResearch has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly（正常地） in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to provide（提供） meals at lunchtime. Children can choose（选择） to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen(食堂小卖部)One shocking finding（发现） of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict standards（标准） for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion（比例） of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy(乳制品的) item and starchy(食物)含有大量淀粉的) food like bread or pasta(意大利面食). Lunchboxes examined（检查） by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps(炸马铃薯片) and chocolate bars. Children consume（摄取） twice as much sugar(糖) as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better understanding （解释） of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased（增长） in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot criticise（批评） parents, but it can remind them of the nutritional（营养的） value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their childrens diet can affect（影响） their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating habits（习惯） at this age, and parents are the only ones who can prevent（阻止） it. TheDiffeencebetweenManandComputer What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element(n.元素，成分，要素) that our theories dont yet account(解释)_ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about _ what(那些) _ they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, dont. In fact, computers dont even (甚至) have interests;there is nothing in particular(尤其, 特别) that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer program（程序）_ is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a purpose.Of course, people have several goals that do not make sense（合理） to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide in （为了） order to satisfy hunger or entertainment(n.娱乐，消遣) goals, or to find （寻找） a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.However, these physiological(adj.生理学的,生理的) and social goals give rise （导致） to several intellectual(adj.智力的，聪明的) or cognitive(adj.认知的，认识上的) goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to(引起, 导致) goals to find information（信息） about the name of a restaurant which serves（供应） the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is,the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to _ acquire（获取） information or knowledge, what we are calling learning（学习）_ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer might（可能）_ want to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so in（以方式） the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not arise（起于） out of hunger in the case of the computer, it might well(很可能) arise out of the goal to learn more about restaurants. The First Bicycle The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791, Count(伯爵) de Sivrac delighted（使.喜悦） onlookers(观众) in a park in Paris as he showed off(炫耀) his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celerifer. It was basically an enlarged（扩大） version of a childrens toy which had been in use（在使用中） for many years. Sivracs celerifer had a wooden frame, made in the shape（形状） of a horse,which was mounted on a wheel at either endTo ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modem bicycle,and pushed hard（努力） against the ground（地面） with your legsthere were no pedals(踏板，脚蹬子). It was impossible to steer(驾驶，操纵，控制) a celerifer and it had no brakes(闸，刹车),but despite these problems the invention very much appealed（吸引） to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holding（举行） races up and down the streets. Minor injuries（受伤） were common as riders attempted a final burst(爆发，突发，爆炸) of speed（速度） . Controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change direction（方向） was to pull up the front of the celerifer and turn（掉转） it round while the front wheel was spinning（自旋） in the air. Celerifers were not popular for long,however,as the combination（组合） of no springs(弹簧), no steering and rough roads(起伏路) made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so,the wooden celerifer was the origin（始祖） of the modem bicycle. Working Mothers Carefully conducted(v.实施，实行) researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems, compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal view（观点） is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not, there are a number（很多） of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested(投资) such a big part of their lives in establishing(建立) a career that they cannot afford（负担） to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic(经济上的) necessity（有必要） . Many mothers are not cut （适合于） out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant(婴儿，幼儿), they feel trapped(v.使陷入困境，使受限制) and isolated(使隔离，使孤立). There are a number of options(选项，选择) when it comes（涉及） to choosing childcare. These range from child minders(照顾者) and nannies(保姆) through to(直到) Granny(奶奶) or the kind(好心的) lady across（对面） the street. In reality（在现实状况下）, however,many parents dont have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No matter （无论） how good the childcare may be,some children are going to protest(抗议) wildly(激烈的) if they are left. This is a perfectly（完全） normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months,but soon after that they start to get a crush(依恋, 压烂) on Mum and close family members（成员） . Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of（大量） time to help your child settle in(安顿下来).All children are different. Some are independent, while others are more attached(依恋于) to their mothers. Remember that if you want to do（做） the best for your children, its not the quantity(数量) of time you spend with them，its the quality（质量） that matters. A Life with BirdsFor nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of Londons yeoman warders(伦敦塔看守), _ better（更） known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top（顶部） of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. From（从） our bedroom we have a marvelous(a.奇妙的，不可思议的) view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, says David. The Tower of London is famous for（以.而著名） its ravens(n.乌鸦，黑色的鸟), the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated(着迷，吸引) by the birds and when he was _ offered(提供)_ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no _ hesitation（犹豫）_ in accepting it. The birds have now become my life and Im always _ aware（意识到） of the fact that I am _ maintaining （保持）_ a tradition. The legend(传奇，传说) says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and its my job to _ make（确保） sure this doesnt happen! David devotes（献身于） about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the _ fact（事实） that he lives right next to them is ideal. I can keep（关注） a close eye on them all the time, and not just when Im working. At first（起初）, Davids wife Mo was not _keen（对.感兴趣） on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. When we look out of our windows, we see history all（所有） around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories.A Lucky Break Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when hes doing(做) sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he plays（扮演一个） the part of a middleweight(n.中量级拳击手) boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. During（过程中） the making of the film Harrelson kept（连续） complaining that the fight scenes（场面） werent very convincing(a.有说服力的，令人信服的), so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasnt keen（对热衷） on the idea at first, but he was eventually（最终） persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring(拳赛场地). However, when he realized how seriously(认真地) his opponent（对手） was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round,Harrelson hit Banderas so（太以至于.） hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious(a.暴怒的，强烈的) that he had been playing silly macho(a.雄壮的，男子气概的) games. She was right, confesses(v.承认，坦白) Banderas, and I was a fool to take（冒险） a risk like that in the middle of a movie.He was reminded（提醒） of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always dreamed（梦想） of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. Thats when I decided to take up（开始） acting; I saw it as another（另外） way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch（场） was, you might say, my first lucky break. A Success StoryAt 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made(制造) their fortune(财富) through the Internet. What(这) makes Bens story all the more