教案冠代词形容词副词名词.doc

第一讲冠词名词目的与考点分析：不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法; 定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法; 2.考查冠词在固定搭配中的用法 ，包括零冠词(即不用冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法 ; 3.考查不定冠词在具体化抽象名词前的用法 ; 4.考查冠词在比较级前的用法 ; 5.考查冠词在其他特点知识点归纳：冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)，定冠词(the)，和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法1.指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。3.表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day.4.表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.(活雷锋)6.用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7.用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8.用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)a success(具体化) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。 II.定冠词的用法1.表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4.用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the rich, the living, the wounded6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”(对比上文的不定冠词用法5)Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10.在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s(二十世纪九十年代)11.用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12.用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.13.与比较级和最高级连用比较级+ and +比较级表示越来越The harder he works, the happier he feels.表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。who is the older of the tow boys?三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.III.不用冠词(又名零冠词)的情况 1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2.名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3.季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4.表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess.6.与by连用表示交通方式的名词前 We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent. A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;不填7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8.表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.个人总结：冠词：a second time/chance/try; 20 miles a second, go out for a walk/drive, have a break/swim/rest; a cold March , on a trip/visit to, a useful book/a university/a European country.an honest boy/hour. A “u”an”s”. the Smiths,the poor/disabled, one of the+最高级+复数名词。The USA, stay in bed/hospitaltake to safety, in case of fire.1. _ the small town is! Yes, it is more beautiful than _ town that I visited last year. A. How beautiful; the B. How beautifully; the C. How beautifully; a D. How beautiful; a2-Hou do you go to_work?-I ususlly take_bus.Athe,a B/, a C. a, a Dthe,3_ apple a day keeps the doctor away!What do you mean? I have never heard of _ saying before.A. An, aB. An, the C. A, the D. A, a4. The film Lost in Thailand is most interesting movie I have ever seen.- Yes. Ill see it for second time.A. a; theB. a; aC. the; aD. the; the5.There is _ “s”in _ word “bus”. A.a;a B.an;the C.a; the D.an; a名词名词复数的不规则变化 内部元音字母发生变化eg：foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policemen 词尾发生变化eg：child-children 单复数一样eg：deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, people-people 表示“某国人”的单复数变化单复数同形：eg：Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese词尾加s：eg：German-Germans, Russian-Russians, Indian-Indians, American-Americans, Australian-Australians, Canadian-Canadians, Brazilian-Brazilians, Italian-Italians变man为men：eg：Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen复合名词的复数变化：（1）第一部分为man，woman时，前后两部分都变成复数eg：a woman teacher-women teachers, a man doctor-men doctors（2）boy, girl, shoe等其它名词作定语时，只在第二部分词尾加复数eg：a boy student-boy students, a girl friend-girl friends, a shoe shop-shoe shops（3）特殊词，需特殊记忆 eg：sports meet, clothes shop特殊情况：（1）部分名词只有复数： eg：clothes, pants, trousers, shorts, goods (商品), glasses, works (作品)（2）部分名词以“s”结尾，但不是复数： eg：news, physics, politics, works（3）有些词加“s”后表示另一种意思： eg：room (空间)-rooms (房间), paper (纸)-papers (卷子), work (工作)-works (作品); fish(鱼肉)-fishes(活鱼), glass(玻璃)-glasses(眼镜), arm (胳膊)-arms (武器);custom (习俗)-customs (海关), plant (种植)-plants (工厂), good (好)-goods 商品;wood (木头)-woods (树林)（4）“数+名+形”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词必须是单数： eg：a four-year-old boy, a 100-meter-long road（5）集合名词，people, police以单数形式出现，但实为复数： eg：Chinese people are great. / The police have caught the thief.（6）集合名词family分两种情况，当家庭讲，是单数；当家人讲，是复数概念： eg：My family is big, and my family are all kind. Attention: 当很多个家庭讲，就要变复数: family-families常见的不可数名词：气体：gas, air, biogas, oxygen, O3 液体：water, lemonade, tea, coffee, cocoa, coke, oil, gasoline肉类：pork, mutton, beef, fish, chicken, meat粮食：rice, wheat, sushi, bread, flour, butter, curry垃圾：rubbish, garbage, trash, litter材质：silk, cotton, lather, rubber , wool特别注意：food是食物的总称，不可数，foods是指具体的某种食物 fruit是水果的总称，不可数，fruits是指具体的某种水果 room当“房间”讲，是可数；当“空间”讲，是不可数 experience当“经历”讲，是可数；当“经验”讲，是不可数 exercise当“习题”讲，是可数；当“运动”讲，是不可数 cake“蛋糕”可数；bread“面包”不可数总体原则：气体，液体和肉类是不可数名词名词所有格概念：表示某事物的所有关系（1）有生命的人或物，表示“所有”关系，在末尾加s 单数和不以“s”结尾的复数，直接加s eg：the boys name, Jims bag, Marys book, Childrens DayAttention：单数以“s”结尾的，还是加s eg：my bosss mother 以“s”结尾的复数，直接加 eg: students book, Teachers Day, Nurses Day Attention：Mothers Day, Fathers Day A, B and Cs概念：表示共同拥有 eg：Mary and Jims teacher is Mr. Lee. As, Bs and Cs概念：表示分别拥有 eg：Marys and Jims teachers are good. 有些表示时间、距离、价值、重量、国家城市等无生命的名词，也可加s （TDP-WC）eg：todays newspaper, a weeks time, two miles distance, three dollars pen, two tons weight,Chinas population, Wuhans environment（2）无生命的事物，加所有格，用of结构：名词+of+所有者eg：A photo of my family, the name of the zoo, the front wall of the classroom（3）双重所有格概念：部分和整体之间的关系，许多中的一个或一部分结构： of+s eg：a book of Marys, some books of Amys of+名物代 eg：a friend of hers, some apples of mine个人总结：名词. 名词分清可数不可数，可数分清单数复数， 所有格。Experience.roomKnife, roofs, chiefs,potatoGerman- -3women teachers ,2shoe factories, congratulations,cattle/deer/sheep/ people/mail,tooth- ,Teachers Day, Mothers Day, Childrens Day,A five-minute walk/ five minutes walk, in a few days/in a few days time. Someone elses bag, either side of the street/ both sides of the street, Tom and Jackmother/ Toms and Jackmothers, a friend of mine/his/hers. a friend of my fathers , at my Uncles , 2 pieces of good news, 不可数名词：news/fun/ information/advice/work/weather/music. 1 -Two _died in the accident-_terrible it is!Apolicemen，How B.policeman,What C.police,What D.policemans,How2What _ you usually have for breakfast? _ and a cup of coffee.A. do, Three breadB. do, Three pieces of breadC. are, Three breadsD. are, Three piece of bread3 What are the _ doing there? They are busy _ their science experiment. A. Boys students; to do B. Boy students; to do C. Boys students; doing D. Boy students; doing4 Could you please tell me something about the two_? _. They are exchange students of No. 1 Middle School. A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B. Frenchmans; Come on C. Germen; Not at all D. Germans; All right 5 Will you make for the old lady?Sure. Just my seat.A. room; takeB. a room; liveC. room ; sitD. rooms; sit6. Who is the boy glasses?He is a students of .A. wearing; Mr. WangB. wears; Mr. WangsC. with; Mr. WangsD. in; Mr. Wangs第二讲 代词课前热身1.All of (我们)are from Beijing.2. Dont worry. (我们)will come and help(他)3( )A friend of will come to our school today.A. my B. his C. her D. your4( )This book is mine and that one is . A. her B. shes C .hers D. hers5( )Help to some fish, everyone.A. yourself B. you C. yours D. yourselves6( )I do it . A. myself B. me C.I D. mine7( )Students should know how to help. A. another B. other C. others D. the others8( )Is there anything in yourhand?A. other B. the other C. another D. each9( )he has two sons, of them is a teacher.A both B. neither C. all D. none10. ( )I had a talk with of the girls.A every B. other C. each D. another二、重点讲解（一）人称代词： 单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称it/she/heit/her/himtheythem1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语. He teaches _(we) Chinese .2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为: 单数:二,三,一 （You, she and I ） 复数:一,二,三 (we , you and they )_ and _in the same class.她和我在同一个班级。注:：若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)Who broke the window ? _and _.谁打破的窗户？我和迈克。（二）.物主代词.第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourits/his/hertheir名词性mineoursyoursyoursits/his/herstheirs1. 形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。2. 名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。Our classroom is as big as _ (they). This is a friend of _ (my).注: 1）（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词）This isnt _ bag , _ is here.这不是我的包，我的在这。 2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.My own house = a house of my own （三）.反身代词单数复数第一人称myself ourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves记忆小窍门:反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f替.反身代词的常用搭配: Enjoy oneself look after oneself Say to oneself dress oneself （四）.指示代词单数复数近指thisthese远指thatthose2.用法: 1)that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _ in Qinghai. The books in that shop are cheaper than _in this shop. A. this B. that C. one D. those 2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子. He had a bad cold, _is why he didnt come.3)在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而that 代替对方._ is Tom speaking. Who is_? 我是Tom，你是哪位？（五）.不定代词1.one与it 的区别 One是指同名异物，即同类中的一个，为泛指（=a/an+名词）；中的一种. It是指同名同物，为特指（=the+名词）This book is a good one . May I borrow it ?2.some与any 的区别 some一般用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句中.但在表建议的疑问句中,仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about . 的句中。May I have some water? He asked me for some paper, but I didnt have any.Any可以表示任何一个，可以用在肯定句中。Come any day you like!3.many,much, .a (few),a (little)的区别 含义用语肯定含义否定含义修饰可数名词many ，a fewfew修饰不可数名词much ,a little little注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .The story is easy to read. There are _ new words in it. Hurry up! There is _ time left.4.each / every 的区别Each, every都可以作不定形容词，但each 侧重单体，用于两者或两者以上；every侧重全体，用于三者或三者以上。注:each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every只能作形容词，后面必须跟有名词。There are trees and flowers on _ side of the street. _ student has read a story.5.all,both,either,neither,none的区别肯定否定任何一个两者之间bothneithereither三者或三者以上allnoneany注: 1）both of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数. neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.Neither of the answers _ (be) right.Both of my parents _ (be) workers.2).词组 A) both and 连接两个主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 同义词组:not only but also 反义词组: neither nor Not only you but also she likes watching TV. = _ you _ she like watching TVB) either or 或者或者, neithernor 既不也不 连接两个主语时, 谓语动词实行就近原则.Neither you nor he _ (be) right.One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _ Lily _Lucy _ going to the park.C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不” 句型: neither sb。 某人也不怎么样.If you dont go there, _ _ I.3) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答. Who 的回答:用no one 回答.What 的回答:用nothing 回答.How many students are there in the classroom? _. Who can answer the question? _. A. None B. No one C. Nothing 6.another /the other /others /the others 的区别种类 数单数复数没有数量限制(泛指)Anotherothers有数量限制(特指)the otherthe others 注: 1) one the other 表示一个另一个，范围为两个。当出现物主代词时，两个中另一个的表达法为【 物主代词+ other】，不可以再加the I have two brothers, one is a teacher, _ is a worker.Peter, show me your one hand, then your _ hand.2) the others表示“剩余的”，范围为两个以上。There are 40 students in our class,15 are girls, _are boys.3) another 表示“另一个，又一个” 泛指众多中的一个，后面一般接单数名词. Would you like _ apple?4）others表示别人，没有范围限制，可以和some组成词组，someothers (一些一些) Some are cleaning the classroom, _ are sweeping the window7.复合不定代词.someany noeverysomethinganythingnothingeverythingsomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody 注: 1）somebody(=someone) 用于肯定句中,在否定句及疑问句中用anybody（= anyone）；_ wants to see you.有人想见你。 Is there _here? 这里有人吗？同样，something（某物）用于肯定句中，在否定句及疑问句中用anything。I want _ to eat. I cant do anything now.2）everybody（=everyone）和everything是单数代词_ works hard in class. 班里的每个人都很努力Is_going well with you? 你一切顺利吗？3）Nobody（= no one）用作单数代词_ wants to go home.没有人想回家。（六）.疑问代词Whowhomwhosewhichwhat谁（主格） 谁（宾格）谁的哪个，哪些什么疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句，它们在句中充当主语，表语，宾语，定语当疑问代词作介词宾语时，可以将介词提前到句首。注：1)Who和whatWho问姓名或与回答人的关系，前面可以用物主代词。What“是做什么的”问职业，前面用”a/ an”_ is the girl? She is my sister._is the girl? She is a singer.2) which 和whatWhich指“哪个，哪些”有选择的范围。what没有范围供选择。_newspaper do you want? 你要什么报纸？_do you like best of the three? 三个当中你最喜欢哪一个？个人总结：代词It one that those/ other,another ,the other(s) both/either/ neither each/every/all /none A few/a litte 1 Is there _ in todays newspaper? Yes, its really cheerful to read that a group of _ kids joined the volunteers! A. anything new; ten-year-old B. something new; ten-years-old C. anything new; ten-years-old D. something new; ten-year-old2 Why cant the boy understand what the American teacher said? Because he is a beginner,_he knows _English. A. and ; a little B. and ; little C. so ; little D. so; a little3 _Rose _Jack watched Prince Williams wedding on TV yesterday. What a pity! They missed the exciting moment.A. Both; and B. Not only; but also C. Either; or D. Neither; nor4.-This is my Hew edictionary. -Wow! I like _very much. III ask my mum to buy_. A. it, one for me B. it, one to me C. one, it for me D. one, it to me5 Many students find it _ (bore) to play computer games all day.6 _ people like listening to music.A. None B. No one C. Not all D. Not at all7 I will write two _ e-mails to my good friends.A. another B. an other C. more D. other more第三讲数词语法要点：数词一、基数词与序数词1. 基数词用于表示数量的多少，序数词用于表示顺序的先后。 There are two apples on the table. The second picture is very beautiful.2. 序数词的构成：一般在基数词后加-th, 表示“第几十”的序数词由相应基数词去y加-ieth， 表示“第几十几”前面的十位用基数词，后面个位用序数词，中间用连词符。 如：four fourth, twenty- twentieth, twenty- first特殊变化： one- first two second three third five fifth eight eighth nine ninth twelve twelfth 数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。.1基数词 （1）基数词的具体形式如下：A从110one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，tenB从 1119eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen.注：标记为蓝色的单词特殊记忆，其他的词都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。C从 2199整数几十中除twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty为特殊形式外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”21 twenty-one76 seventy-sixD百