窄行机械式小麦精量播种机设计【9张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

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窄行机械式小麦精量播种机设计

摘  要

   自古以来小麦是我国人民的重要的粮食作物，对保障我国粮食生产安全有重要的意义。要实现作物高产的目标，必须重视农机与农艺相结合。合理而精量的播种能够为小麦提供良好的生长条件并能提高小麦对土壤营养、水分和阳光的利用效率，协调小麦个体与群体关系，使小麦成穗率高，粒多、饱满，实现小麦的优质高产。因此小麦精密播种机的性能关系着农业生产成本和产量，但现有播种机并不能很好的满足小麦的生产要求。因此有专家提出了一种加行不加量的播种方法，即将行距减小到10cm，但播量不变，即行距减小一半，每行的播量减小一半但总播量不变，此播种方法可使小麦播种均匀，且播深一致，从而达到高产目的。河北省是中国第三小麦生产大省。本课题设计制造了适合河北省应用的小麦10cm行距播种机。

   在设计小麦10cm行距播种机的过程中，对现有小麦播种机进行调查了解，又对10cm行距小麦播种机进行详细的研究分析，为所设计的播种机选择了合适动力的拖拉机，依据所选拖拉机确定了播种机的工作幅宽和悬挂方式。在整机的设计过程中分析选择了适宜的开沟器与种管，设计了机架结构、种箱和传动系统，并通过播量实验设计了调节播量的变速器。论文设计的充种沟式精密排种器使小麦播种更均匀，合理布置的开沟器使播种机有较好的通过性能，设计的小麦10cm行距播种机工作稳定，试验表明此播种机播种的小麦有效分桑多，苗壮，达到了小麦增产的目的。

关键词：播种机；小麦；10cm行距；充种沟式精密排种器

ABSTRACT

   Wheat is one of the major staple food for our people. It has a great significance in the grain production. Our country has realized the sowing mechanized. To achieve the goal of high yield of wheat crop, it must pay great attention to combine agricultural machinery and agriculture. The agronomic requirements of wheat crop all row spacing, planting distance and sowing depth all need to be accurate in order to sow the wheat reasonably, which will save seed, make full use of land, sunlight and wind. It is that row spacing decreases to 10cm and sowing is the quantity of 15cm spaces. The seeding method can make more uniform distribution of wheat and sow depth consistent. It can be reached the goal of high yield. Due to the uniform distribution of wheat, it is up to the ecological effect of water retention. In different regions,natural environment, soil conditions, wheat varieties and so on, the Structure of seeding machine is different. The subject design and manufacture of the 10cmrow seeder for wheat applied in Hebei Province.

    In the process of designing and manufacturing the 10cm row seeder for wheat, this paper investigated the existing wheat seeder, analyzed the 10cm row wheat seeder detaily, and selected appropriate power tractors for sowing machine. According to the selected tractor,it determined seeding machine working width, selected the way of suspension, chewed feasible furrow opener, designed the structure of frame, box, and transmission system,chewed the pipe through sowing experiment, and designed the transmission for regulate seeding rate. The filling groove precision metering device makes planting more uniform.Reasonable arrangement of the opener makes the machine has good through performance.The10cm row seeder for wheat works stable. Effective tillers of wheat in planter are more. It achieved the purpose of wheat production.

Key words: Seeding machine; Wheat; 10cm row spacing; Ditch filling-type precision seed-metering device

目  录

1引言1

1.1课题研究意义及必要性1

1.2国内外现状1

1.2.1国外小麦播种机现状1

1.2.2国内小麦播种机现状2

1.3课题的研究2

2小麦播种机总体结构设计2

2.1小麦播种机的工作原理2

 2.2整体总体设计方案2

   2.2.1播种机主要参数...................................................................................................................................3

   2.2.2播种机结构简图...................................................................................................................................3

3排种器的设计4

3.1技术要求4

3.1.1技术要求分析4

3.1.2技术要求4

3.2方案分析4

3.2.1现有小麦排种器分析4

3.2.2新型小麦排种器的设计方案的探索4

3.3结构与工作原理6

3.3.1充种沟式精密排种器的结构6

3.3.2充种沟式精密排种器的工作原理6

3.3.3充种方式分析7

3.4关键部件设计7

3.4.1排种轮直径、宽度与充种槽个数的设计7

3.4.2种盒的设计8

3.4.3清种缝隙与清种片的设计8

3.4.4导种槽的设计8

3.4.5排种轴的设计8

4播种机其它部件设计8

4.1拖拉机的选择及工作幅宽、播种行数的确定8

4.2悬挂装置的选择9

4.3开沟器的设计9

4.3.1开沟器的选择9

4.3.2开沟器的布置9

4.4种箱的设计10

4.4.1种箱的设计10

4.5机架设计10

4.6接种装置设计10

4.7地轮设计11

4.8变速器选择与传动设计11

4.8.1变速器的选择11

4.8.2传动设计11

4.9其它部件设计12

5拖拉机牵引功率的校核12

参考文献14

致谢15