8.高中生考试焦虑问题研究

耶克斯多德森定律耶克斯多德森定律(The Yerks_Dobson Law)表明，操作与激动水平之间的曲线关系，随着操作的难易和情绪的高低而发生变化。操作困难的代数问题的最佳状态，处于较低的激动水平；操作初步算术技能的高峰处于中等水平；操作简单反应的高峰，处于较高的激动水平。这说明，学习内容越困难，学内容越困难，学习效果越容易受到较高激动水平的干扰。如高度愤怒或过分高兴时，解答难题的效果不佳，简单的操作高度的激动水平效果较佳；而一般操作，适宜于中等激动水平。原文翻译：The Yerkes-Dodson law demonstrates an empirical relationship between arousal and performance. It dictates that performance increases with cognitive arousal, but only to a certain point: when levels of arousal become too high, performance will decrease. A corollary is that there is an optimal level of arousal for a given task.It is a scientific principle developed by psychologists Robert M. Yerkes and J. D. Dodson in 1908 and is grounded within the discourses of biopsychology and neuroscience.The process is often demonstrated graphically as an inverted U-shaped curve (curvilinear), increasing and then decreasing with higher levels of arousal. (However, there is also a linear component which proposes that in a simple task, performance increases with arousal. Therefore, in a simple task the relationship between arousal and performance is linear. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, only in a difficult task is the relationship between arousal and performance curvilinear.)It has been proposed that different tasks may require different levels of arousal. For example, difficult or intellectually demanding tasks may require a lower level of arousal for optimal performance (to facilitate concentration), whereas tasks demanding stamina or persistence may be performed better with higher levels of arousal (to increase motivation).The effect of the difficulty of tasks later on led to the hypothesis that the Yerkes-Dodson Law can be decomposed into two distinct factors. The upward part of the converted U can be thought of as the energizing effect of arousal. The downward part on the other hand is caused by negative effects of arousal (or stress) on cognitive processes, like attention (tunnel vision), memory, and problem-solving.There has been research indicating that the correlation suggested by Yerkes and Dodson exists (such as that of Broadhurst, 1959; Duffy, 1962; Anderson, 1988), but a cause of the correlation has not yet successfully been established (Anderson, Revelle, & Lynch, 1989).Despite some evidence to the contrary, the law is generally respected.中文定义：耶克斯多得森定律的倒U形曲线 Yerkes-Dodson Law（ 耶克斯多德森定律 或 耶克斯多得森定律 ）是心理学家耶克斯（R.M Yerkes）与多德森（J.D Dodson）经实验研究归纳出的一种法则，用来解释心理压力、工作难度与作业成绩三者之间的关系。动机强度与工作效率之间的关系不是一种线性关系，而是倒U形曲线。中等强度的动机最有利于任务的完成（见示图）。说明的问题:1、各种活动都存在一个最佳的动机水平。2、动机的最佳水平随任务性质的不同而不同。3、 在难度较大的任务中，较低的动机水平有利于任务的完成。 作业成