2013年职称英语理工类考试模拟试题(五).doc

1. There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.A. forbidB. advocateC. consultD. withdraw2. Would you please call my husband as soon as possible?A. visitB. phoneC. consultD. invite3. we had a long conversation about her parents.A. speechB. questionC. talkD. debate4. If you want to keep healthy you should vary the foods you eat.A. rejectB. acceptC. changeD. choose5. She found me very dull.A. dirtyB. sleepyC. lazyD. boring答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.D6. Their style of playing football is utterly different.A. barelyB. scarcelyC. hardlyD. totally7. Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A .advisedB. causedC. forcedD. promised8. There is a growing gap between the rich and the poor.A. conflictB. tensionC. gulfD. confrontation9. It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.A. preparedB. trainedC. qualifiedD. guided10. This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.A. praisesB. writesC. imitatesD. describes答案：6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.D11. There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library.A. large B. totalC. small D. similar12. Dont hesitate to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.A. pause B. refuseC. reject D. wait13. Merge the following two short sentences into one new sentence.A. Split B. CombineC. Break D. Divide14. Color changes in chameleons seem to be caused by environmental temperature as well as by other external stimulus.A. have B. appearC. ought D. used15. Their sole fault was a failure to recognize all the factors involved.A. initial B. maximumC. usual D. only答案：11C12A13B14B15D第二部分：阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑 El Nino （厄尔尼诺现象）While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance，the Columbia University researchers say their method call predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advanceThat would be good news for governments，farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to1857, using prior sea-surface temperaturesThe results were reported in the latest issue of the journal NatureThe researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan CWearea meteorologist at the University of California, Davis，who was not involved in the work，said it“suggestsE1 Nino is indeed predictable”“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods”said WeareHe added that the new method“makes it possible to predict El Nino at 1ong lead times” Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data，which is only available for recent decades，Weare saidThe ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importanceThe 1997 El Nino，for example，caused an estimated$20 billion in damage worldwide，offset by beneficial effects in other areas，said David Anderson，of the European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts in Reading EnglandThe 1877 El Nino，meanwhile，coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and Cmpting the development of seasonal forecasting，Anderson saidWhen El Nino hit in 199 1 and 1997200 million people were affected by flooding in China aloneaccording to a 2002 United Nations reportWhile predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains trickythe ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmedE1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and FebruaryThe warming tends to last between 9 and 1 2 months and occurs every two to seven yearsThe new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possibleE1 Nino n厄尔尼诺现象Equatorial adj赤道的Occurrence n发生Meteorologist n气象学家Offset v抵销Lead adj提前的Monsoon n季风Tricky adj难以捉摸的练习：1The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advanceARight BWrong CNot mentioned2. The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and seasurface temperaturesARight BWrong CNot mentioned3. The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurrencesARight BWrong CNot mentioned4. Weares contribution in predicting E1 Nino，was highly praised by other meteorologistsARight BWrong CNot mentioned5. According to a Chinese report，the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1 99 1 and 1 997 affected 200 million Chinese peopleAright BWrong CNot mentioned6. It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peakAright BWrong CNot mentioned7. A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 NinoARight BWrong CNot mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1-4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Soot and Snow：a Hot Combinationl New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snowAccording to a computer simulation，black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth。where ice is more common，absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy, white backgroundDark-colored black carbon，or soot，absorbs sunlight，while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate changeAls0，if snow and ice covered areas begin melting。the warming effect increases，as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface“This provides a positive feedback，as glaciers and ice sheet smelt,they tend to get even dirtier,” said DrJames Hansen，a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies，NewYork4 Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo(solar energy reflected back to space)，which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere，such as thinning Arctic sea ice，melting glaciers and permafrostSoot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space，thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon，”Hansen saidSoots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate. “This forcing is unusually effective，causing twice as much global warming as a carbondioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Hansen noted6 Hansen cautionedalthough the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial，it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past centurySuch gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r也e rest of this century7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudesThese observations were consistent with the researchers climate model simulations，which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight词汇：soot n煤烟，煤灰emission n释放，散发，排放simulation v模拟latitude n纬度glacier n冰川，冰河albedo n反照率permafrost n永冻层forcing n温室作用dioxide n二氧化物magnitude n量，大小练习：1Paragraph 3_2Paragraph 4_3Paragraph 6_4Paragraph 7_5In the twentieth century，soot_6Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases_7. Black soot covered snow and ice_8A soot forcing is unusually effective，which_参考答案:1C 第三段解释了为什么soot会增加地球升温效应。2A 第四段介绍了soot在两方面起的作用：(1)soot增加了雪吸收太阳能量和热量的能力；(2)soot导致海洋和陆地上空的大气层发生变化。3F第六段的关键句子是：“greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century” 4B第七段介绍了在研究北半球的纬度、雪覆盖面和日照诸因素与气温升高之间的关系方面取得的成果。5B 选择B的依据是第一段。有关的句子是：。“black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century”选项B中用了过去式contributed，也是选B的一个线索，因为第五题的题干中有in me twentieth century，这个时间状语要求谓语动词用过去式，而4个选项中只有B项的动词用的是过去式。6E Hansen cautioned和greenhouse gases仅出现在第六段。该段的大意是：虽然煤烟在改变全球气候方面所起的作用相当显着，但是上个世纪气温上升的主要因素还是温室气体。选项E概括了第六段的意思。7D 本题答案的依据是第二段第一句。8A本题答案的依据是第五段的下列句子： Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate“This forcing is unusually effective， causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude，”Harisen not第四部分：阅读理解短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Common-cold SenseYou cant beat it，but you dont have to join itMaybe it got the name “common cold” because its more common in winterThe fact is，though，being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one 3Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses，and，at least SO far，medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of oneChildren are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults，because they have more colds than adults an average of about eight per yearWhy do kids seem SO much more easily to get colds than their parents? SimpleThey havent had the opportunity to become immune to many cold virusesThere are more than 1 50 different cold viruses，and you never have the same one twiceBeinginfected by one makes you immune to it but only itColds are usually spread by direct contact，not sneezing or coughingFrom another persons hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route。The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy，although the viruses Can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfacesHygiene is your best defenseWash your hands frequentlypreferably with a disinfectant soap，especially when children in your household have coldsBut even careful hygiene wont ward off。every coldSo，what works when a coughing，sneezing，runny nose strikes?The old prescription of two aspirins，lots of water，and bed rest is a good place to startBut you11 also find some of the folk remediesworth WingHot mixtures of sugar(or honey)，lemon，and water have real benefits词汇：rhinovirus n鼻病毒virus n病毒immune adj免疫的，有免疫力的preferably adv更可取地，更好地disinfectant n消毒剂，杀菌剂prescription n(1)诀窍(2)处方，药方infect vt传染，侵染，感染sneeze vi打喷嚏remedy n治疗，治疗法，药品thumbnail n拇指甲1.Accordingtothe essay，you may have a cold becauseA)the weather is too coldB)the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infectedC)another persons coughing passes the cold to youD)you wash your hands too often2.The best way to keep yourself from getting colds isA)to keep yourself cleanB)to use a disinfectant soapC)to take two aspirins every dayD)to drink lots of water3.Children have more colds becauseA)they are usually infected about eight times each yearB)they are not immune to many cold viruses yetC)they never wash their hands So that their thumbnails are dirtyD)they dont 1ike eating lemon4When you are having a cold,A)it is always the same kind of cold that you had last timeB)it may be the same kind of cold that you had last timeC)it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last timeD)it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time5When one is having a cold, he may often have a11 the following symptoms EXCEPTA)coughingB)having a sore throatC)having a runny noseD)having a stomachache第五部分：补全短文（每题2分，共10分） 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。Agitated Sunspot Cause TroubleIf the lights in your house keep flickering, blame frequent sunspots.A sunspot is actually charged particles flying at the speed of 3 million kilometers an hour out of the surface of the sun to form sun storms._1_.The earth, which is directly energized by the sun, is influenced by sun storms in a number of ways._2_. Wireless short-wave communication, which depends on the waves reflection against this layer of atmosphere, is likely to be jammed. It is said that mobile phone communication may be affected too._3_. According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots.Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people, a paper/published by a North Korea observatory says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease. _4_.Besides, the nervous system is also affected, and traffic accidents are more frequent when sunspots are active.It is hard to say when the sunspots are most violent during their active year, but generally one active period is believed to last possibly eight days. Not long ago there were two violent sun storms breaking out, which seriously affected mobile phone communication, etc. in many parts of the world. _5_.A. Ionosphere is high above the earth.B. One is that the magnetic filed of the earth is much disturbed because of the suns interference in the ionosphere which is 80 to 500 kilometers above the earth.C. Scientists also say that the active movement of the charged sun storm also has effects on earthquakesD. Every 11 years, the sun, as its energy accumulate inside up to a certain point, will send out streams of charged particles, which affect the earth in different waysE But the communication situation in each case returned to normal in about 24 hours.F. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich in ultraviolet rays.参考答案:1 D。词语呼应：D中charged particles与前句呼应， the earth与后句呼应。同时D在句意上与后句衔接。2 B. B中的one与前句中的 a number of ways呼应，disturb与前句的influence呼应。3 C。C中的earthquakes与后句中的earthquakes呼应。4 F。F中的skin与前句中的skin disease呼应。5 E。E中的communication situation与前句中的phone communication呼应。第六部分：完型填空 （每题1分，共15分） 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Dark Forces Dominate UniverseThe Earth，moon，sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of the universeAlmost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy, unknown _1_ that puzzleastronomersObservations in recent years have changed the basic understanding of how the universeevolved and have emphasized for astronomers how little is known _2_ the major forces andsubstances that shaped our worldAstronomers now know that luminous matter-starsplanets and hot gas _3_ only about 0.4 percent of the universeNon1uminous componentssuch as black holes and intergalacticgas，make up 3.6 percentThe rest is either dark matter, about 23 percent，or dark energy, about 73 percentDark matter, sometimes called “cold dark matter,” has been known for some _4_. Only recently have researchers come to understand the pivotal role it _5_ in the formation of starsplanets and even people“We owe our very existence to dark matter,” said physicist Paul Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which appeared not long _6_ in the journal ScienceSteinhardt said it is believed that following the Big Bang，the theoretical _7_ of the universe，dark matter caused particles to clump togetherThat set up the gravitation processes that led to the formation of stars and galaxiesThose stars，in turn，created the basic chemicals，such as carbon and ironthat were _8_ to the evolution of life“Dark matter dominated the formation of structure in the early universe”Steinhardt said“For the first few billion years dark matter contained _9_ of the mass of the universeYou can think of ordinary matter as a froth of an Ocean of dark matterThe dark matter clumps and the ordinary matter falls into itThat led to the _10_ of the stars and galaxies”Without dark matter,“there _11_ be virtually no structures in the universe”The nature of dark matter is _12_It cannot be seen or detected _13_ Astronomers know it is there because of its effect on celestial objects than can be seen and measuredBut the most dominating force Of _14_ in the universe is called dark energya recently proven power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to separate at a faster and faster speedOne scientist said it is clear now _15_ dark matter and dark energy engaged in a gravitational tug of war that，eventually，dark energy won词汇：intergalacticadj银河间的 gravitationn地心吸力，万有引力pivotaladj关键的 frothn泡沫owev把归功于 celestialadj天体的clumpv凝聚成块1 A)space B)movement C)forces