2011年中考考前训练 减灾篇.doc

2011年中考考前训练减灾篇1Tornadoes are whirlwinds(旋风) with speeds of up to 400 km per hour. In Britain, there were very few tornadoes in the past. _. Tornadoes are only one sign of the worlds climate changes. _. The number of thunderstorms is increasing, and there are more floods in some parts of the word, and theres much less rain in others.Scientists still do not know enough about the reasons for these climate changes. _.Cutting down trees, burning too much oil, and the increase in the number of cars are some of the things that cause the problems. Global(全球的) temperatures are rising because of these things. Scientists believe that if the temperatures continue to rise, the ice at the poles will melt(融化).A. If the ice melts, sea levels will riseB. Most scientists think human activity is the problemC. Some say that these types of climate changes are naturalD. There are many othersE. Now, there are more than 50 tornadoes a year_. Some islands might disappear completely. All this means that unless we do something to stop global warming now, there may be many other dramatic(戏剧性的) changes in the future.Every year thousands of people get hurt or die when they are crossing the road. Most of these people are old people and children. Old people often get hurt or die because they cant see or hear very well. Children usually meet with accidents because of their carelessness. They forgot to look and listen before they cross the road. How can we lessen (减少) traffic accidents? All of us must obey the traffic rules. For the drivers, they shouldnt drive too fast. If they drive too fast, it will be very difficult to stop the cars in a very short time. For the pedestrians (行人), its very important to be careful when they are walking on the road. Therefore, when we walk across the road, we must try to walk along the pavements. We must stop and look both ways before crossing the road. Look left first, next look right, then look left again. Only when we are sure that the road is clear, we can cross it. The right way to cross the road is to walk quickly. Its not safe to run. If people run across the road, they may fall down. Teens should try to help children, old people or blind people to cross the road, and never play in the street.52. Which of the following is NOT the right way to cross the road? A. Stop and look both ways.B. Run quickly. C. Make sure that the road is clearD. Walk quickly.53. Why do most old people often get hurt or die when they are crossing the road?A. Because they are not careful.B. Because they forget to look and listen.C. Because they cant see or hear very well.D. Because they often run across the road.54. As a student, you can to try to lessen traffic accidents. A. help children to cross the road B. play in the street carefully C. run across the road quicklyD. let drivers drive slowlyAlthough its foolish to smoke, fifty million people in the United States still do. Most of them want to give up smoking, but smoking is a habit thats not easy to break. Luckily, thirty-five million Americans have stopped, so it can be done. Frank used to smoke a lot. He started to smoke when he was 16. Many of his friends were doing it, and it made him feel like a grown-up. His parents told him he was making a mistake, but he didnt listen to them. When he joined the football team in the United States, he stopped smoking for two years, but then he started again. A month ago, he had a pain in his chest and stomach. “The pain isnt too bad. Im sure it will go away and Ill be fine. I probably eat too much,” he told his wife, Helen. But it didnt go away and both began to worry. Frank called the doctor. He told the doctor that Helen would drive him to the hospital right away. They examined his heart, took a chest X-ray, and kept him in the hospital overnight. The next day his doctor read the X-ray report. He told Frank that he was okay, and that he could go back to work after a few days rest. But he advised him to stop smoking. Frank and Helen were very happy. They were afraid that they were going to get bad news. Since Frank stopped smoking, he has been feeling better. He doesnt cough in the morning the way he used to. His house and car dont have the smell of smoke, and his wife and children are breathing cleaner air.55. Today, the number of smokers in the United States is _ it used to be. A. lager than B. smaller than C. as large as D. the same as56. In hospital they thought they might get bad news, because_. A. Frank had smoked a lot for a long time B. his wife sent him to the hospital C. the pain was very serious D. the doctor took a chest X-ray57. The writer wants to tell us _ by the story.A. many Americans stopped smoking B. young people in America like smokingC. smoking does great harm to people D. the habit of smoking cant be brokenWhile you are much safer inside than out, lightning（闪电）can strike(击) you even in the home. Heres how to protect you indoors: Stay away from windows. Get out of the shower or bath. Dont touch conductors such as fireplaces and metal pipes（管子）.Cherry, was struck by lightning last year while washing her clothes. Lightning entered a window next to the washing machine, struck her right hand, traveled through her body and finally out of her left arm. “It was as though I was holding a bolt(电光) in my hands,” remembered Cherry, who was thrown across the room. Stay off the telephone.It isnt an old wives storymany people have been hurt through the telephone lines. It was raining outside while Peter Anderson was on the phone at his house in Florida. “Ban! A bolt hit the building,” he says. “I felt the hair on my arms stand on end, and a lightning hit me through telephone, which was almost blown out of my hand.” Unplug(拔去插头) televisions , computers, etc. Dont just turn them off. If the house is struck, they could be damaged(毁坏) if you keep them plugged in. Try lightning rods(避雷针) if your area is very often hit by lightning.Properly fixed, lightning rods reduced chances of damage to a home and to the people inside it. 65. Was Cherry washing her clothes when she was struck by lightning? _ 66. Where can lightning even strike people? _ 67. How did Peter feel when a lightning hit him? _ 68. What will you do when the lightning happens? _ 69. What does the writer want to tell us? _2011年中考考前训练减灾篇2I walked into the evacuation centre in Yamada in northeast Japan, where some tsunami survivors (海啸幸存者) live. The first thing I noticed was the hundreds of makeshift sleeping quarters (临时住宿区) mapped out on the gym floor. The second thing I noticed was a big smile on the face of a man.It made me feel surprised. How could he smile? I wondered, given that he is now homeless and has just lived through the unimaginable times. I wanted to interview him and know more about this man. I asked my translator and he was introduced to me as Ken Minato, a 67-year-old fisherman.Ken is warm and welcoming. His handshake was strong and firm. Then, he started to share his story. When the tsunami happened, he was at work in a fishing office with a beautiful ocean view.The water came in and his workmates went to check on the boats. It was the last time he would see his friends.Ken ran up into the hills. He watched as the water rushed through the walls of his office. He talked about people running to a place that had been thought to be safe. The tsunami then destroyed there too. What the tsunami didnt destroy, fire later did.I asked Ken why he could still keep smiling. “I have to live on,” he said, “so I have to smile. I have no reason to stay in sadness.”His smile is helping others who now call this gym home. “We are all encouraging each other,” he said. “I dont know how long we will be here. But I dont want to leave, unless we can all leave together.”It is a word that couldnt help but make me smile.51. The writer of the passage can be a _.A. reporter B. survivor C. fisherman D. translator52. He didnt die from the tsunami because he _.A. sailed in a boat B. stayed in the office C. ran to a safe place with other people D. ran up into the hills53. The reason why he kept smiling was that _.A. he liked the life in the gym B. he liked to talk with other peopleC. he wanted to live on and encourage others D. he wanted to give the writer a warm welcomeEarthquakes strike suddenly at any time of the day or night, theres no way to tell when .If an earthquake happens, it may cause many deaths and injuries and great damage. Decide how and where your family will get together if separate. Choose an out-of -state friend or relative that the family members can call after the quake to report where they are and how they are. Know the safe places in each room: under the strong tables, desks, or against inside walls and keep enough food, water and other things, including a flashlight, a radio, medicine and clothing.During the earthquake, you should keep a clear head and never be too nervous to know what to do. Protect your head and neck with your arms. If possible, take a book, a pillow or any other things to protect yourself from falling glass and ruins. If you are indoors, you must immediately lie under any strong furniture. If outdoors, move to an open area away from trees, buildings, walls and power poles. In a narrow valley, move to the center of it and look up for falling stones. If you are in the car, move to the side of the road and stop the car. Do not stop near buildings, power lines and on or under the bridges. Stay in your car until the shaking stops.Do not move badly injured person unless they are in danger after the earthquake. Do not use the telephone immediately unless there is a serious injury or fire. Turn on your radio for instructions and news reports. Be prepared for aftershocks. If you should leave your home, post a message inside your home telling family members where you can be found.55. The writer wants to tell us that _.A. why the earthquake is very dangerous B. how to prepare the dangerous earthquakeC. when the earthquake usually happens D. where to stay during the earthquake56. After the earthquake, you should _. A. move the badly injured person quickly B. use the telephone right after the earthquake C. turn on the TV to get the news report D. leave a message in your home before you leave 57. From the text, we can know_.A. you should keep calm and know what to do clearlyB. the buildings and walls can protect us if we are outdoorC. all the earthquakes will cause great damageD. the falling glass can be used to help us Most people do not like to think about disasters（灾难）, so they do not prepare for them. This is a deadly mistake. Whether you can be alive or not is decided by preparation. Here are some tips that could save your life. 1.Getting through the first hourl Choose an out-of-town person that each family member can call after the disaster if you become alone. Besides, choose two nearby places where family members know to meet. One should be close to your home. The other should be outside your neighborhood. Keep your important papers at the bank or another safe place.l Leave a disaster-supply kit (一套装备) (see Part 5) near the front door. Make sure you keep it filled with fresh food and water.l If you are advised to move to the safe place, leave the area right away.2. The disaster-ready homeYou may h