也谈主谓一致.doc

也谈主谓一致河北省滦平县一中 王爱梅 主谓一致是中学英语的一项重要语法内容,也是高考必考的语法点之一。下面是笔者根据自己的教学经验对主谓一致进行概括总结,希望对学生及相关的教师有所帮助.1具体名词做主语时, 如果指整体概念,谓语动词用单数; 如果指一个个成员,谓语动词用复数。如：The family is rich . The family are having dinner now .类似的词还有：class, public ,group , team , enemy , club, government ,crowd ,army 等。2用and 连接的两个主语是同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时， 谓语动词用单数，反之就用复数。如：The singer and dancer is coming to our city next weekend .A cart and horse was seen in the distance .Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit . Both rice and wheat are grown in our country.3.表示总称意义的名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类的次有 people , youth, folk, cattle 等。 如：The police are searching the building for the murderer.3就近一致的原则 。这类的词有 or , either . or , neither . nor , not only but also ,以及 there be 句式。如：Are you or he to do the job now ? (Is he or you to do the job now?)Not only the teacher but also the students have been to the park .( Not only the students but also the teacher has been to the park . )There is one chair and three desks in the room . (There are three desks and one chair in the room.).3.就前一致原则。这类词有：with ,along with ,together with , but, except ,as well as ,rather than , including ,besides ,like 等。如：He rather than you is on duty today.(You rather than he are on duty today) Nobody but Kate and Mary is in the classroom .The students as well as the teacher like sports .(The teacher as well as the students likes sports.) Tom together with his parents is watching TV now.4.glasses , trousers ,clothes, compasses 等,这些词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。但要强调一个整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are worn ,so I have to change them . This pair of glasses is excellent , I want to buy one .5. half of / the rest of / most of /enough of /part of +名词做主语时，应根据这些名词所指代的单复数而定。如：Some students are playing football while the rest (of the students) are playing basketball.Enough of the materials have been collected .Most of the water has been used up .6. kind /sort /type 做主语时，谓语动词按kind/sort/type 的单复数而定。如：This kind of tree is rare .These kinds of trees are rare.但如果是名词复数+of this kind/sort/type 做主语时, 谓语动词用复数。如： Books of this kind are expensive .7.“the one of / the only one of +复数名词”作定语从句的先行词，谓语动词用单数；“one of +复数名词” 作定语从句的先行词，谓语动词用复数。如：He is one of the students who have failed in the exam .8.“a number of +可数名词复数”，谓语动词用复数；“the number of +可数名词复数”，谓语动词用单数。如：A number of the tickets have been sold out .The number of the tickets is limited , I can not give you more .9.表示时间，金钱，距离等复数名词做主语，应将其看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：Three years has passed since he left .Ten dollars is enough for this book .Five hundred miles is not a long distance.10“many a /more than one /each and each. /everyand every./ no.and no+ 可数名词单数”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Many a man has come to see her show . More than one person has been hurt in the accident.Every man and every woman likes pop music.11.分数/百分数+of +名词做主语时，要看后面的名词而定，如果是复数名词,谓语动词就用复数，反之就用单数。如：Twenty percent of the students are girls.Two thirds of the meat is carried to cities by tractor .12.“quantities of /mountains of +可数名词或不可数”，谓语动词都用复数。如：Large quantities of water are needed for irrigation .Mountains of rubbish have been piled up by the river。13 由“the + 形容词”表示一类人做主语时,谓语动词用复数。 如:The rich are not always happy.The injured have been taken to the nearest hospital.14用and 连接两个疑问词做主语从句的引导词时, 谓语动词用单数。如：When and where he has gone is not known yet .但是,用and 连接两个主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用复数，如:When he left his hometown and how he came to our city were not known .15. 主语是由不定式、动名词、从句构成的，谓语动词采用单数。如：Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy. Playing football is his favorite sport. When he will come back depends on the weather .巩固练习1. Nobody but Jane _ the secret .A. know B .knows C. have known D. is known2. All but one _ here just now .A. is B. was C. has been D. were 3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _tired of having one examination after another.A. is B. are C. am D. be 4.A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift . A. is offered .B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 5. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A .is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided6. Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting . A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 7. - Each of the students , working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go to university .- So do I.A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped 8. Everything , including the clothes in the closets , _ from the apartment . A. was stolen B. were stolen C. stole D. stolen 9.Twenty thousand dollars _ given to this school by this organization last month.A. are B. is C. was D. were10.John is the only one of the staff members who _ to be sent abroad.A. is going B. are going C. have been going D. has been going 11.Fifteen minutes _ all that I can spare to talk over this matter with you now .A. is B. are C. were D. will be 12.The poor _ always dreaming _ becoming rich .A .are , in B. is ,to C. is ,of D. are , of 13.This kind of stories _ instructive while stories of that kind _ harmful to children .A. is , seems B. are , seem C. is ,seem D. are , seems14.Each boy and each girl as well as some teachers who _ to visit the museum _ asked to be at the school gate before 5 in the morning .A. are , are B. is , is C. are , is D. is , are 15.The rest of the magazines _ within an hour .A. is sold out B. are sold out C. was sold out D. were sold out16.The secretary and manager _ very busy now .A. is B. are C. was D. were 17.This is one of the best novels that _ appeared this year .A. have been B. has C. had been D. have He is the only one of the students who has failed in the exam .18.Most of my time _ spent in reading