英国文学期末必背考点.doc

这个好像是去年的考点和题型English literature summary填空题（主要诗人与代表作与原文填空）l Earliest form of English literature: songs.l The literature of Anglo-Saxon period falls into 2 divisions: Paganand Christian. The 14th century: Geoffrey Chaucer: The renaissance: William Shakespeare: four great tragedies: , , , The 17th centuryl John Milton: John Bunyan: John Donne: The 18th centuryl Daniel Defoe: l The only dramatist in 18th century and can compete with William: Master of Comedy of manners. Richard Brinsley Sheridan: l The great satirist in 18th century Jonathan Swift: l The great Scottish poets-Robert Burns: The 19th centuryl Lake School: William Wordsworth: Samuel Taylor Coleridge: l The Younger Generation: George Gordon Byron: PercyByssheShelley: John Keats: The Victorian agel Two great novelist: Charles Dickens: William Makepeace Thackeray : Charlotte Bronte: Emily Bronte: Anne Bronte: 原文填空：对错（判断题）l Two writers of “the stream of consciousness”：Virginia Woolf, James Joycel Oscar Wilde: “Art of Arts Sake” l Two important novels of Thomas Hardy: The 18th century:l Henry Fielding: “Father of the English novel” Style: Satiricl Richard Brinsley Sheridan: Master of Comedy of manners.l Alexander Pope: l Thomas Gray: l WilliamBlake: l Robert Burns:19th Century English Literature-The Romantic Periodl Lake School: William Wordsworth (praising nature, daily life) Samuel Taylor Coleridge (mystic).l The Younger Generation: George Gordon, Lord Byron(Byronic Hero)Percy Bysshe Shelley(untamed spirit)John Keats(beauty is truth, truth beauty)l William Wordsworth: l William Wordsworths philosophy: All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingl Major elements of William Wordsworths poetry: poet of nature; poet of human heartl Samuel Taylor Coleridge: l George Gordon Byron: -Spenserian stanza; fight against invasion and oppression; fights for libertyl PercyByssheShelley: 名词解释一、诗歌体裁（sonnet, ode, elegy）l Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter, and generally expresses a single theme or idea.l Ode: A complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event. l Elegy: A poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual; may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the nature of death; a type of lyric poem. 二、诗歌形式（iambic pentameter, blank verse, heroic couplet）l Iambic pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, that is, with each foot an iamb. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry. l Blank Verse: Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. The verse form used in some of the greatest English poetry, including that of W. Shakespeare and John Milton.l Heroic couplet: rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter三、Authurian Romancesl Authurian Romances: It was a popular literal form during the Middle and Feudal Age of England after the invasion of France. It was about the romantic remounts happening in the class of knighthood. 四、意识流 “stream of consciousness”l The stream of consciousness: It is a continuously inner movement of sense-perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and memories in the human minds, or literal method of representing a blending mental process in fiction characters, usually an unpunctuated or disjointed form of interior monologue.五、文学流派（renaissance, enlightenment, Romanism, critical realism）l Renaissance: A cultural movement that spanned roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The key of renaissance is humanism.l Enlightenment: The Enlightenment on the whole, was an intellectual movement and an expression of struggle of the progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism in the 18th century. l Romanism: Romanism as a literary movement came into being in England early in the later half of the 18th century. It first made its appearance in England as a renewed interest in medieval literature. It prevailed in England during the period 17981832.l Critical realism: English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.简答文学流派（renaissance, enlightenment, Romanism, critical realism）l Renaissance: A cultural movement that spanned roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The key of renaissance is humanism. The features of renaissance were the revival of the study of Greek and Latin authors and the keen interest in human life and human activities. The key element of renaissance was humanism. The most well-known people in this period were William Shakespeare and Francis Bacon. Their masterpieces were , and respectively.l Enlightenment: The Enlightenment on the whole, was an intellectual movement and an expression of struggle of the progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism in the 18th century. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. The famous enlighteners in this period were Daniel Defoe and Jonathan Swift. Daniel Defoe was famous for his masterpiece- while Jonathan Swift was famous for .l Romanism: Romanism as a literary movement prevailed in England during the period 17981832.The publication of the Lyrical Ballads in 1798the joint work of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridgemarked the beginning of the romantic age in England while it ended with Walter Scotts death in 1832. The romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata that were discontent with, and opposed to, the development of capitalism. Its an age of poetry. William Wordsworth with his masterpiece and G.G.Bayon with his masterpiece were famous in this period.l Critical realism: English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.重点人物性格分析（Hamlet, Robinson, Byronic hero, ）Hamletl What caused Hamlets hesitations? Ghost only appears to him, not convincing enough maybe a malicious demon in a favorable disguise as a prince - to set the whole “world right”; as a prince - thoughts of his people. to keep the moral integrity of an intellectual. belief of providence. Not the right time l Hamlets central moral dilemma transcends the Elizabethan period, making him a man for all ages. Robinson Crusoel The most important character in Crusoe? the embodiment of Puritan spirit of hard work, indomitable will and creative labor; persistence, independence, and intelligence in the development of capitalism. Value orientationUtilitarianism, practicalismThere is an everyman in him, so every man enjoys it. Satisfaction of the need of expansion.Satisfaction of curiosity.Byronic hero l whose attributes include:Of noble birth; having great talent;hiding an unsavory past; being a rebel; having a distaste for social institutions; expressing a lack of respect for rank; being an exile; being highly passionate; Untamed spirit to fight for liberty; carrying on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs dramatic monologuel In a dramatic moment or a crisis, the characters are made to talk about their lives, their minds and hearts. In “listening” to those one-sided talks, readers can form their own opinions and judgments about the speakers personality and about what has really happened. 原文选读（4选2） l Symbols: Death-Departure. Melt-Physically and spiritually mixed together. the earthquake /the sphere-Physical separation / the union of souls in a relationship. the circle-Perfection of the relationship. Gold-Love (can spread widely and will not change for the distance). the compasses, the two feet-Combination of two lovers; closely related to each other. A relationship cannot