英美文学选读作家作品合集.doc

古英语Old English 450-1066中世纪英语(文学) Medieval English 1066 - middle 14th century乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry first time to use heroic couplet 英雄体双行诗文艺复兴(含义)The Renaissance - rebirth or revival人文主义Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present life1.斯宾塞Edmund Spenser - the poets poet诗人中的诗人仙后2.马洛Christopher Marlowe - University Wits, the pioneer of English drama Blank verse无韵诗体, hyperbole夸张浮士德博士的悲剧 - the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness 对知识、权利、幸福的追求 pastoral(牧人的,田园的) life3.莎士比亚William Shakespeare - above all writers in the past and in the present time 四大悲剧Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth 十四行诗第18首 eternal or immortal beauty 威尼斯商人 to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable greed and brutality哈姆雷特 hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger (复仇者) To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action 独白 Soliloquy or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters 4.培根Francis Baconbrevity, compactness(简洁) & powerfulness, his essays is an important landmark in the development of English proseInductive method 归纳法 in place of deductive method 演绎法论学习 uses and benefits of study - studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience. Different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies - studies and experience are complementary 互补 to each other. The correct attitude to reading books - to weigh and consider. How studies exert influence over human character -reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.5.邓恩John Donne玄学诗派metaphysical poetry - break away from love poetry, a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods Conceits, syllogism 三段论日出 the busy sun is always ready to interfere with(干扰) other things and everywhere致死神 whatever you are, you can not escape from death. When you are living, you are always in the shadow of death. Death only lasts a moment, our life after death is eternal. The more pleasure the death gives people, not only the pleasure of the rest & the sleep, because whom the gods love die young. Though death is usually considered powerful, it actually provides a rest for a mans body and a birth for his soul. 6.弥尔顿John Milton失乐园 the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. The conflict is between human love and spiritual duty. In heaven, Satan led a rebellion against God with his unconquerable will.复乐园力士参孙 the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English. 新古典主义Neoclassicism - a revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion抑制情感 & accuracy 怯懦 启蒙思想(运动) Enlightenment - a progressive intellectual movement, reason (rationality), equality & science 哥特式小说Gothic novel - mystery, horror & castles 神秘、恐怖7.班扬John Bunyan(“浮华集市”) from 天路历程, a religious allegory (寓言), pursue the truth 8.蒲伯Alexander Pope论批评 a poem written in heroic couplets, criticize the present poem lack of true taste & call on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers for guidance(指导), true wit is best set in a plain (simple & clear) style. 9. 笛福Daniel Defoethe first writer study of the lower-classpeople罗宾汉, praise the human labor and the Puritan fortitude 清教徒坚韧10.斯威夫待Jonathan Swift - a master satirist讽刺作家. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently永存的 flawed有瑕疵的 Proper words in proper places温和的建议 格列佛游记, four parts - Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island & Houyhnhnm11.菲尔丁Henry Fielding英语小说之父 Father of English novel, Prose Homer Comic epic in prose汤姆琼斯 12.约翰逊Samuel Johnson - first combine an English dictionary, last neoclassicist enlightener英文字典致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信13. 谢里丹Richard Brinsley Sheridan - the only important English dramatist of the 18th century情敌 and造谣学校 are regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw. 14.格雷Thomas GrayThe Graveyard(墓地) School写在教堂墓地的挽歌 浪漫传奇Romantic - emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit人文主义精神, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplaceThe romantic period began with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges 浪漫主义时期 The Romantic Period15.布莱克William Blake -engraver雕刻家扫烟囱的人 from天真与经验之歌 a happy and innocence world from childrens eye; from 经验之歌 a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy 忧郁的tone from men eyes Childhood, paradoxes, a pairing of opposites; 泰戈16.华兹华斯William Wordsworth - the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, simple, spontaneous自发的, worshipper of nature Lake Poets - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge & Robert Southey骚赛He defines the poet as a man speaking to men, and poetry as the spontaneous overflow洋溢 of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected沉思默想的 in tranquillity安静.“我孤独地游荡，就象一朵云” the poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils 水仙 and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.威斯敏斯特桥上,1802年9月3日 the sonnet describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London, silent, bright, glittering, smokeless & mildly. It is so touching a sight that the poet expressed his religion piety 虔诚for nature. 17.柯勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge - supernatural, remote Poet can be divided into two groups - the demonic (supernatural) & the conversational(对话的)The demonic group includes 3 masterpieces 古舟子咏(又,老水手之行),库里斯特白(克里斯塔贝尔),忽必列汗 18.拜伦George Gordon Byron拜伦式英雄Byronic hero is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin贵族血统, against tyrannical残暴的 rules or moral principles. Such a hero appears first in恰尔德哈罗德游记.will die fighting, or live free the Luddites destroyed the machines in their protest against unemployment. The poets great sympathy of the workers in their struggle against the capitalists is clearly shown. from唐璜 (the masterpiece of Byron, a long satirical poem), song by a Greek singer at the wedding of Don Juan and Haidee. Fill high the bowl with Samian wine? 19.雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley致英国人民 西风颂 terza rima三行体, destructive-constructive potential, hopeful, I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? 20.济慈John Keats 4 great odes 忧郁颂,希腊古瓮颂 ,夜莺颂, 倦怠颂 the contrast between the permanence永久 of art and the transience 短暂of human passion, Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter, Beauty is truth, truth beauty21.简奥斯汀Jane Austen傲慢与偏见The Victorian Period达尔文物种起源Darwins and 人类起源 shook the traditional faith, everything is created by God功利主义Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practiced Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people 维多利亚时期 The Victorian Period22.狄更斯Charles Dickens - one of the greatest critical realist writers批判现实主义作家 of the Victorian Age维多利亚时代Character-portrayal描写 is the most distinguishing feature特点 of his works A mingling混合 of humor and pathos 悲伤,惆怅双城记 雾都孤儿23.勃朗蒂姐妹The Bront Sisters - Charlotte, Emily & Anne Bront, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature. 简爱 呼啸山庄24.丁尼生Alfred Tennyson - invents dramatic monologue, Poet Laureate桂冠诗人, a real artist 拍吧, 拍吧, 拍吧 the death of his best friend, his sadness feeling are contrasted with the 无忧无虑carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling无情的 movement of the ship and the sea waves过沙洲 we can feel his fearlessness无畏的 towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife死后. Crossing the bar means leaving this world and entering进入 the next world阴间“尤利西斯” not endure忍耐 the peaceful commonplace平凡的事everyday life, old as he is, he persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge, dramatic monologue, Myself not least, but honourd of them allmeans I am not the least important, but honored by all of them 25.布朗宁Robert Browning - the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue指环与书 his masterpiece 我逝去的公爵夫人 this dramatic monologue is the dukes speech addressed to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage, the duke is a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical man26.乔治艾略特George Eliot: As a 女性作家woman of exceptional 特有的intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women米尔德马契 a sharp contrast is set between the cold,lifeless, dull house and Dorothea who is full of youthful life and vigor 27.哈代Thomas Hardy - both a 自然主义naturalistic and a critical realist writer 地方乡土色彩Local-colored, Wessex, novels of character and environment德勃家的苔斯 experience is as to intensity剧烈, and not as to duration持续?夜里的相会 ?早上的分别现代主义 The Modern Period28.萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw- 1884 join the Fabian Society, strongly against the credo信条 of “art for arts sake”, vehemently 激烈condemned the “well made” but cheap, hollow plays. He wrote more than 50 plays. Mission of his drama was to reveal the moral, political and economic truth from a radical reformist point of view.鳏夫的房产 康帝坦 华伦夫人的职业 恺撒和克里奥佩特拉 圣女贞德 人与超人 皮格马利翁 回到麦修色拉 Methuselah 苹果车 29.高尔斯华绥 John Galsworthy- was born into a upper-middle-class上层(富裕的)中产阶级 family.银盒 established his prominent novelist and playwright in the public mind.第一个三步曲Trilogy-福赛特世家:有家产的人,进退两难(骑虎难下), 出租 第二个三步曲second Forsyte trilogy:现代喜剧 第三个三步曲 30.叶芝 William Butler Yeats was born into an Anglo-Irish Protestant family in Dublin. organized the Irish National Dramatic Socirty and opened the Abbey Theatre. a moderate nationalist. build a mystical system of beliefs(history, life followed a circular spiral螺旋 pattern consisting of long cycles which repeatd themselves over and over on different levels).象征symbol : “winding stairs旋梯”, “spinning tops陀螺”, “gyres旋转”, “spirals” long poetic career, 3 period茵尼斯弗利岛 梦见仙境的人Fneryland 丽达及天鹅 在学童们中间31. T. S.艾略特 T. S. Eliot普鲁弗洛克的情歌 荒原 灰星期三四个四重奏32.劳伦斯 D. H. Lawrence儿子和情人 虹 恋爱中的女人33.乔伊斯 James Joyce都柏林人 青年艺术家的肖像 尤利西斯 美国部分Started with Washington Irvings and ended with Whitmans , also called the American RenaissanceFree expression of emotion, escapes from society, and return to natureNew England Transcendentalism 先验主义/超验主义1.欧文Washington Irving - father of the American short stories, the American Goldsmith Perfected the best classic style that American literature ever producedFirst novel contains German folk tales ,of Sleepy Hollow2.爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson - the spokesman of New EnglandTranscendentalism movementa reflection upon the aesthetic problems in terms of the present state of literature in Americaa discussion about the conflict between idealism and ordinary lifeAmerican Puritanism, European Romanticism, intuitive knowledge, over-soul, individual, natureis regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism3.霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne Interior of the heart, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity 4.惠特曼Walt WhitmanOpenness, freedom, individualism I - me, my nation (society), Free verse, Envelope structure, Catalogue (Listing)A new ideal, a new world, a new life-stylehow a child is greatly influenced by his growing environmentsa scene of the American Civil War, all the movements described in this picture are frozen.Whitman is a man bubbling with energy and laden with ideas, spontaneous expression of his original ideas 5.麦尔维尔Herman Melville - a master of allegory and symbolism, like Hawthorne the first American prose epic, Ishmael both as a character and a narrator, the captain, Ahab is a monomaniacRealistic period - the Gilded Age, the poor poorer and the rich richer, peoples attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence Local colorism, social Darwinism, bestiality, beyon mans control 6.马克土温Mark Twain - the true father of American literature Local colorist, vernacular, simple sentence, the damned human race The Gilded Age 3 boyhood books , , Hucks inner conflict about whether or not he should write a letter to tell Miss Watson where Jim is. 7.亨利詹姆斯Henry James - international theme, psychological realistStream of consciousness, interior monologue, free associationthe narrator is an American expatriate, named Winterbourne. Daisy is the most innocent girl. The clash is between two different cultures. 8.迪金森Emily Dickinson Based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joysexpress Dickinsons anxiety about her communication with the outside world.description of a moment of deathDickinson makes the train part of nature by animalizing it, like a horse.personify death and immortality so as to make her message strongly felt 9.西奥多德莱塞Theodore Dreiser - Americas literary naturalists Case history including everything Determinism (heredity biological & environment), survival of the fittest, the jungle law Trilogy of Desire - , , who shall cast the first stone? Thee modern period - the second American Renaissance, the expatriate movement, the Lost Generation, a transformation from order to disorderSeize the day, enjoy the present, spiritual wasteland, collective unconscious, psychoanalysis Imagist movement, Jazz Age 10.庞德Ezra Pound - a leading spokesman of the Imagist Movement Pound attempts to produce the emotion he felt when he walked down into a Paris subway station and suddenly saw a number of faces in the dim light. To capture the emotions, Pound uses the image of petals on wet, black boughs. agreement with Whitmans free verse 11.弗洛斯特Robert Lee Frost - four times awarded Pulitzer Prize, pastoral life and scene 12.尤金奥尼尔Eugene ONeill - founder of the American drama, won the Pulitzer Prize four times毛猿13.司哥特费兹杰拉德F. Scott Fitzgerald - spokesman of the Jazz Age, Dollar Decade, 1920s A double vision of the Jazz Age, both an insider and an outsiderAmerican Dream了不起的盖茨比14.海明威Ernest Hemingway - awarded the Nobel Prize Iceberg style, Code hero, the lost generation, grace under pressure from birth and death coexist 15.福克纳William Faulkner - awarded a Nobel Prize South, imprisonment in the past Stream of consciousness, multiple points of view Yoknapatawpha CountryEmily is regarded as the symbol of tradition and the old way of life. Thus her death is like the falling of a monument.美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True Virtue Benjamin Franklin本杰明富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richards Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯费尼莫尔库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河 Henry David Threau亨利大卫梭罗1817-1862 Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利沃兹沃思朗费罗1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌-美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事-诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Reveres Ride保罗里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯斯坦迪什的求婚-叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇-反蓄奴组诗 Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子-心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像 Herman Melville赫尔曼梅尔维尔1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利巴德 Walt Whitman沃尔特惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloomd小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌 Emily Dickinson埃米莉迪金森1830-1886 The Poems