选修六第四单元学案讲义.doc

选修六第四单元学案讲义（高楠）考纲词汇分类一、 形容词、副词分类：1、 average adj. 平均的（参看世纪金榜）2、 mild adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的1) 温和的,温柔的He is the mildest man alive. 他是世上最和善的人了。 2) 温暖的,暖和的Its been a mild winter this year. 今年的冬天一直很暖和。 3) 味淡的,不浓烈的Please make my drink a mild one. 请把我的酒调得淡一点。 4) 轻微的,不重的;宽大的He was given a mild punishment. 他被从轻发落。 3、 steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的 steady-steadily 平稳的，持续的，可靠地，稳固的He has made a steady decisionThere has been a steady increase in car production in the past 6 months.Zhang Feng is a steady young man.Please keep the ladder steady.Wedrove at a steady speed.a steady job/income稳定的工作/收入a steady worker可靠的工人steady rain连绵的雨4、 widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的 widespread 分布广的，普遍的The forests are widespread in our country. 我们的国家森林分布很广。The new laws gained widespread acceptance. Their suggestion met with widespread disagreement普遍的There was a widespread belief in his innocence5、 casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的casual adj. 随便的漫不经心的偶然的，休闲的便装的His casual manner annoyed me .他无所谓的态度令我恼火.Dont be casual about this.不要对此漠不关心6、 outer adj. 外部的，外面的7、 electrical adj.电的；与电有关的8、 nuclear adj.核的；核能的；原子核的9、 per adj. 每，每一二、 名词分类：1、quantity n 量，数量（参看世纪金榜）2、tendency倾向 趋势She has artistic tendencies. 她有艺术气质。There is a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices. Mary is nice but she has a tendency to talk too much.有倾向; +to/towardHe has a tendency towards pessimism. 他有悲观的倾向。 Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things. 鲍勃有爱夸张的倾向。 trend tendency current:这些名词均含“趋势，倾向”之意。3、trend: 指事物发展总的方向、倾向或趋势。A recent trend in literature, fashion trendtendency: 指固有或习得的倾向性，强调没有外来的影响或干扰。current: 指向某一方面发展或在确趋向中行动4、phenomenon （pl. phenomena） n. 现象; 奇迹; 罕见的人才或事物eg: 雨雪是天气现象。Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather.eg: 不应该简单地视未婚妈妈为一种社会现象。Unmarried mothers should not be regarded simply _.eg: 贝多芬是音乐家中的天才。Beethoven was _ among musicians. 答案：as a social phenomenon a phenomenon5、contributioncontribution - contribute -contribute to He has/makes an important contribution to the companys success.根据语境猜测词义：1）He contributed a great deal of money to the Red Cross. 2）She has been contributing to the paper for 5 years. 3）Exercises contributed to our health. 答案：捐钱/ 投稿/ 有助于6、 state-statement根据语境猜测词义：1）The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. Smith2）Ice is the solid state of water . 3）In china, the railway are owned by the state. 4）There are 50 states in America5）Everything was in a state of disorder. 答案：陈述;声明;说明/形态/国家,政府/状态The president has made an important statement about the matter.state是常用词，只人或物所处的外表、心理、健康及所处的情形等方面的情况，但不如condition具体，只用作单数形式。The house was in a dirty state. condition是常用词，用作单数形式，表示人或物目前所处的真实具体状态，尤指内在状态，可与state替用；eg. be in poor/good condition 用作复数形式时，笼统地表示一般状态。eg. poor working conditions situation是一般用词，尤指处于某时期的状况，处境，局面，形势。指各种具体情况综合起来的状态，多指危急或重大的事态，强调外部因素对该事态的影响，常用作单数形式。 eg.find oneself in an embarrassing situationposition 有利的状况（如竞争中或战争中的）(尤作单数)处境，情势（尤指影响某人行为的能力）eg.I am not in a position to help you.我帮不了你。7、consequence n. 结果；后果；影响in consequence = as a consequence 因此；结果in consequence of as a consequence of 因为；由于, 因为的缘故 take/bear the consequences of 承担的后果answer for the consequence 对后果负责(be) of little/no consequence 不重要的, 无足轻重的He broke the law, and now he must face/take/suffer the consequences of his action. 他违犯了法律, 现在他必须为他的行为承担后果。Your opinion is of little consequence to me. 你的观点对我来说不重要。She was over the age limit; _ _ _, her application was rejected. 她超龄了；因此, 她的申请被拒绝了。Jack failed to pass the exam _ _ _/_ _ _ _ being lazy in study. 由于在学习上的懒惰, 杰克没通过考试。 答案：as a consequence，as a consequence of【高考链接】(2011江苏高考)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _. A. consequence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：教师要不断地更新他们的知识以保持他们的专业技能。consequence结果；independence独立；competence技能, 技巧；intelligence智能, 智慧。8、commitment n. 承诺；交托；主张承诺;责任;义务A commitment is something which regularly takes up some of your time because of an agreement you have made or because of Ive got a lot of commitments.试翻译：If you make a commitment to do something, you promise that you will do it. 【搭配模式】: usu N to-inf, N to no 【语法信息】: FORMALWe made a commitment to keep working together.我们承诺继续合作。commit (查动词用法) ：commit a crime 9、 graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线10、fuel n. 燃料11、data n.数据12、flood n. 洪水；水灾13、existence n. 写出其动词形式 come into existence= 形成14、 pollution15、 growth16、 can17、 educator/ education/educate18、microwave形近考纲词：microscope19、presentation( 非考纲词汇)写出其动词形式： 20、disagreement n. 分歧；不一致三、动词分类：1、range vi/ vt. 种类；范围（参考世纪金榜）2、tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾/ vt.照顾；护理名词：- tendency tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾vt. 照顾；护理tend to do sth. 往往；趋向于做tend (to) sb. /sth. 照顾, 看护tend towards/to 有倾向The older women tend to believe in strangers easily. 老太太往往容易轻信陌生人。The young mother stayed at home to tend her child. 这位年轻的妈妈待在家里照料她的孩子。Our school dramas _ _ comedy and farce. 我们学校编排的戏剧倾向于喜剧和滑稽剧。We _ _ make mistakes when we do things in a hurry. 我们匆忙做事往往会出错。 答案： tend towards/to , tend to3、 advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张advocate v. 提倡主张拥护鼓吹/ n.提倡者 He advocates building more schools.The public advocated passing the law.4、refresh v.(使)精神振作, (使)精力恢复, 更新 When tired, you can refresh yourself with a cup of tea困时喝杯茶提神 Refresh storage battery in case of being out of energy halfway.给蓄电池充电以免半路没电。 The host refreshed our teacups. 主人又为我们斟茶。Sometimes, a small thing all can refresh your memory 4、consume v.- consumer(n.).1) 消耗,花费;耗尽试翻译：She consumed most of her time in reading. 2）吃完,喝光The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 3） 使全神贯注,使着迷+withThe boy was consumed with curiosity. 那男孩充满好奇心。5、 glance vi.看一下；扫视/ n. 一瞥四、短语动词：1、 come about(参见世纪金榜)come about vi. 发生；造成 vt. bring about/cause How did these differences come about? Ill never understand how it came about that you made such a mistake. 我真不明白你怎么会犯这么个错误。这些差别是怎样产生的？_ _ _ _ _ that he had his leg hurt? 他的腿受伤了, 这是怎么发生的？ 答案： How does it come about考点词汇拓展：come out 出来; 被出版（提醒学生注意主动表被动）come up 上来/走近 (to)； 被提出 (提醒学生注意主动表被动)come across 偶然发现/遇见； 被理解（to） 同义：get across (to) get (sth) across to sbHe spoke for a long time but his meaning didnt really come across (to us).come on 快点；来吧；得了吧come in (赛跑；比赛)获取名次 Which horse came in first?(产品，水果）上市（become available） When do strawberries come in?(衣服，观点等)流行起来 (become fashionable)come into power/effect/force/existence/ fashioncome to life 活跃起来come off it别扯了; 住口,别胡说 别吹牛了How come ()?When it comes to (doing) something考题链接1）When he came to, he found himself _ on a chair, with his hands _ back. A. to sit; tying B. sitting; tying C. seating; tiedD. seated; tied2）-How did it _ that you made such a silly mistake? -I myself havent figured it out yet.A. bring about B. come about C. come across D. come on3）Please tell me how the accident _. I am still in the dark. (2005 江西) A. came by B. came out C. came to D. came about4）Its already 10 oclock. I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. (湖北2006)A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up 答案：DBDC2、 go up 上升；增长；升起根据语境猜测词义：1）She went up (to Cambridge) in 1977. 2）Cigarettes are going up (in price). 3）New office blocks are going up everywhere.4）The whole building went up in flames.5）When are you next going up to Scotland?6）Unemployment has gone up again.7）The curtain goes up on a suburban living-room.8）Were going up to London next weekend. 答案：1）(英)上大学2）上涨3）建造起盖起4）被烧(炸)毁5）北上苏格兰6）增加7）(舞台幕布)拉起8）进城go up in smoke化为乌有go by 经过go in for 参加go through经历，遭到go on 前进3、 result in导致result in 导致, 造成 =lead toThe accident resulted in three people being killed.The accident _ the death of two passengers. A. resulted from B. resulted in C. resulted of D. resulted withresult from: 起因于，因为4、 put up with 忍受；容忍put up with忍受;忍耐;受苦We cant put up with his endless complaint.Im afraid youll have to put up with his bad temper.That woman, as a housewife, has a lot to put up with.Noise is coming to the point where we cant put up with it.与stand, bear 同义We have to bear with his bad temper because he is a bit frustrated these days.I cannot stand waiting any longer.Modern plastics can _ very high and very low temperature.（山东） Astand B. hold C. carry D. supportKey: A 短语回顾：put aside 节省(钱、时间);储蓄;把放在一边put away 收拾起来;储存(钱)put back 放回原处;拖延put down 写下;记下;控制put forward 提出(意见、建议);推荐put off 延期;推迟put out 熄灭; 扑灭put up 举起;张开(伞);张贴;为提供食宿5、 even if 即使even if /though试翻译：1）I wouldnt tell you even if I knew. 2) Even if she survives, shell never fully recover. 3）Even though hes 24 now, hes still like a little child. 4）I can still remember, even though it was so long ago. 6、 on behalf of 代表.的一方on behalf of代表一方 My husband could not be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf.We attended the global conference on behalf of our country. Im greatly honored to put onperformance here on behalf of my school. The heros wife accepted the medal on behalf of her dead husband. 7、 so long as 只要as as one can = as as possiblePlease come here as soon as possible.= Please come here as soon as you can.as many as 多达as long as 长达,只要as far as远至,就而论as well as 和一样好,也,和as early as 早在As long as you dont betray me, Ill do whatever you ask me to (do). You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before 11 oclock. As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. You may borrow this book so long as you promise to give it back.I will stay as long as I can.on condition that 在的条件下 1）I will go abroad on condition that I earn enough money.如果我挣到足够的钱，我就出国。2）We will help you on condition that/as long as you can offer us the proper reason. 只要你能给我们合适的原因，我们就会帮助你。8、 keep on 继续9、 on the whole 大体上；基本上五、句型透视1. There is no doubt that.doubt 1) 作不可数名词, 作“疑惑; 怀疑”肯定句中doubt多接whether (一般不用if代替)同位语从句。如: Theres some doubt _ hell keep his promise .（whether）他会不会信守诺言还难说。 She had her doubts _ the new book would sell well. （whether）否定句中doubt多接that同位语从句。如: There is no doubt _ they will ask you for help. (that)毫无疑问, 他们会请你帮忙的。(that)I have no doubt _ you will succeed. 我毫不怀疑你会成功的。2)作及物动词常用于下列句型中, 作“怀疑; 不能肯定”解, 一般不用进行时态。用于否定句或疑问句, 后接that引导的宾语从句。如: I dont doubt _ he is telling the truth. (that)我毫不怀疑他在讲真话。 Do you doubt _ he will win the match? (that)你怀疑他会赢这场比赛吗? 用于肯定句, 一般接whether 或if引导的宾语从句。 如: I doubt _ we will make a profit out of it. (whether/if)我认为我们不可能从此事中获利。 We doubt _ she will be persuaded. (whether/if)我们不知道她会不会被说服。 相关考题：(1). Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. (广东2005)A. which B. thatC. what D. whether(2). It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. (重庆2007)A. which B. itC. that D. this 解析: 将it is和that去掉后, 此句成为Not who is right but what is right is of importance, 句子完整, 故此题是一个强调句型。(3). I dont mind her criticizing me, but _ is how she does it that I object to. (江西2007)A. itB. thatC. this D. which 2. 强调句 _(是人类活动) has caused this global warming rather than random but natural