何凯文每日一句.doc

_220段落学习：Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect.Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed.前面是第一天的内容，还能回忆起来吗？The goal is new-search, not re-search.参考译文：研究的目标是新的“寻找”而不是重复“寻找”。Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.词汇突破：challenge 质疑 Modification 修改 Refutation 推翻主干识别：newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers其他成分：that appear to be important and convincing 定语 Not surprisingly, 状语参考译文：那些看起来重要且可信的新发表的发现声明以及可信的发现，总要面对将来研究者的质疑甚至是可能的修改和推翻，这一点不足为奇。Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.参考译文： 第二. 新生事物本身就常常招致怀疑。最后三句：Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”诺贝尔奖获得者，生理学家Albert Azent-Gyorgyi 曾经就把发现描述为“见人之所见，思无人所想”。But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views.但是想无人所想，并且告诉其他人他们的纰漏未必能改变这些人的看法。Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.有时，真正的新的发现需要很多年才能被接受和认可。今天的句子：“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are .”221来自何凯文考研英语天气冷了，真的累了，凯文挺住！一起加油！今天的句子：While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service （NHS）as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.昨天句子的解析：“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are .”主干识别：Newman wrote其他成分：宾语从句：So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are整个句子是sothat的结构；1. So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism少有作家能有足够的智慧和文学天赋使他们的自己的作品出现在新闻媒体上。 2. I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt Be tempted to 禁不住.忍不住. 我就忍不住把“新闻媒体”定义为一个“具有鄙视色彩的术语=蔑称” 3. applied by writers who are not read to writers who are applied by A to B A= Writers who are not read; 作品无人问津的作者 B= writers who are （read） 作品受读者欢迎的作者 把2和3合在一起： 我就忍不住把“新闻媒体”定义为一个作品无人问津的作者用到作品受读者 欢迎 的作者身上的“蔑称”参考译文： 纽曼这样写道：“少有作家能有足够的智慧和文学天赋使他们的自己的作品出现在新闻媒体上。以至于我就忍不住把“新闻媒体”定义为一个“作品无人问津的作者”用到“作品受读者欢迎的作者”身上的蔑称”。（天气真的冷了，记得加衣！）222今天的句子：The researchers argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfreywhose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influenceeven the most influential members of a population simply dont interact with that manyothers.昨天的句子：While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service （NHS）as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.词汇突破：1.poll 民调（民意调查） 2. alongside 相比；和一样(对比的作用) 3. NHS 英国国家医疗服务体系 4. while 虽然 5. Briton 英国人 6. rate 评为，认为结构识别：while polls show Britons rate A as B, A has limited political support.参考译文：虽然种种民调显示英国人认为乡村和王室，莎士比亚和英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）一样，是他们国家最值得骄傲的地方，但是乡村只得到了有限的政治支持。223今天的句子：Consumers passionate about a product may create earned media by willinglypromoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.昨天句子的解析：The researchers argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfreywhose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influenceeven the most influential members of a population simply dont interact with that many others.主干识别：1. The researchers argument stems from a simple observation about social influence:研究者的观点源自于对社会影响的简单观察： 2. even the most influential members of a population simply dont interact with that many others 即使是一个人群中最有影响力的成员也不会与那么多的人进行互动其他成分： With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey 状语 whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence 定语从句做插入语 奥普拉非凡的存在主要是一个媒体功能的影响，而不是人际关系的影响参考译文：研究者的观点源自于对社会影响的简单观察：除了个别像奥普拉.温弗瑞这样的名人，即使是一个人群中最有影响力的成员也不会与那么多的人进行互动。而奥普拉非凡的存在主要是一个媒体功能的影响，而不是人际关系的影响。224今天的句子：Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public （including other scientists）receives the new discovery andpossibly accompanying technology.昨天句子的解析：Consumers passionate about a product may create earned media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.词汇突破：1.passionate 热衷于 2. leverage 利用 3. alert 通知主干识别：Consumers may create earned media A company may leverage “owned” media其他成分：passionate about a product 热衷于某一产品 定语by willingly promoting it to friends 状语by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site状语 可以通过发送邮件给其网站的注册用户，提示他们产品和消费信息参考译文：热衷于某一产品的消费者，可以通过自愿推荐给朋友的方式，创建 免费口碑媒体。企业可以通过发送邮件给其网站的注册用户，提示他们产品和销售信息。225来自何凯文考研英语今天的句子：Certainly the Britain beyond London and the south-east that Mrs May wants to conquercall it the Mayan Empireis less economically advanced. If it were a country it would be about as rich as Spain, with a GDP per person one-tenth below the EU average.昨天句子的解析：句子不难，并列较多，一个个的切分。Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public （including other scientists）receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.主干识别：1.researchers make discoveries;2. editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process;3. other scientists use the new finding to suit（满足） their own purposes;4. and finally, the public （including other scientists）receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying（随之而来的） technology.其他成分：Within the complex social structure of the scientific community 状语参考译文：在科学界的复杂社会结构中，研究者做出发现；编辑和评审者控制发现的发表过程进而扮演着看门人的角色；其他科学家则使用这一新发现来满足自己的需要；最后，公众包括其他科学家接受这个新发现及其可能随之而来的技术。226来自何凯文考研英语The World Health Organisation has cleared coffee of causing cancer, but a detailed investigation has found that very hot drinks may be linked to cancer of the oesophagus, or gullet. Coffee was classified as a possible cause of cancer in 1991, but the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is part of WHO, has now reconsidered the evidence. It carried out a detailed review of the many studies published on the subject and found that coffee drinkers have no reason to worry.IARC also investigated the herbal drink mate, also known as chimarro or cimarrn, which is widely consumed in South America, where oesophageal cancer is more common than in other parts of the world. The experts found that mate was not a cause of cancer, but they believe the temperature at which it is drunk probably is and that other very hot drinks could also be linked to oesophageal cancer.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?(A) Some cancers maybe related to the temperature of gullet.(B) The coffee mate may be the cause of oesophageal cancer.(C) The reasercher may find some new evidence for cimarrn cancer.(D) The WHO may find some new cause for the cancer.昨天句子的解析：Certainly the Britain beyond London and the south-east that Mrs May wants to conquercall it the Mayan Empireis less economically advanced. If it were a country it would be about as rich as Spain, with a GDP per person one-tenth below the EU average.参考译文：当然梅姨想要征服的伦敦以外的大不列颠和英国东南地区称之为“梅帝国”吧经济没那么发达。如果组成一个国家，贫富程度会和西班牙差不多，人均GDP低于欧盟平均水平十分之一227昨天题目的解析：What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?看好了四个都有may ！(A) Some cancers maybe related to the temperature of gullet.文章中说的是：the temperature of drink！偷换！(B) The coffee mate may be the cause of oesophageal cancer.应该是饮品的温度！(C) The reasercher may find some new evidence for cimarrn cancer.cimarrn cancer 我都不知道这是什么癌症！是我拼凑的！(D) The WHO may find some new cause for the cancer.some new cause= the temperature of drink！同意替换！模糊替换！完美！所以D是正确选项!昨天文章的翻译：The World Health Organisation has cleared coffee of causing cancer, but a detailed investigation has found that very hot drinks may be linked to cancer of the oesophagus, or gullet. Coffee was classified as a possible cause of cancer in 1991, but the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is part of WHO, has now reconsidered the evidence. It carried out a detailed review of the many studies published on the subject and found that coffee drinkers have no reason to worry.世界卫生组织已经排除咖啡为致癌物，但详细的调查发现过热的饮料可能与食道或咽喉癌相关。咖啡在1991年被列为潜在致癌物，但世卫组织分支机构国际癌症研究机构（IARC），现在重新考虑了佐证。IARC详细审查了很多关于这个主题的研究报告，发现喝咖啡的人没有理由担心。IARC also investigated the herbal drink mate, also known as chimarro or cimarrn, which is widely consumed in South America, where oesophageal cancer is more common than in other parts of the world. The experts found that mate was not a cause of cancer, but they believe the temperature at which it is drunk probablyis and that other very hot drinks could also be linked to oesophageal cancer.国际癌症研究机构还调查了一种南美地区大量饮用的草本伴侣（也被称为西马伦），因为南美地区的食道癌比世界其它地方更为常见。专家们发现伴侣并不致癌，但相信饮用的温度可能致癌其他过热的饮料也与食道癌有关。今天的句子：Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing progressive, or left-liberal propaganda.228昨天的句子：Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing progressive, or left-liberal propaganda.词汇突破：1. at home 熟悉的，盛行 2. propaganda 宣传工具 3. progressive 激进的主干识别：A has been replaced by B. A= the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus B= the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing progressive, or left-liberalpropaganda.参考译文：令人感伤的是，曾经在大学校园里流行并盛行被探究精神，被“使用人文和社会科学作为推行渐进的或者左派自由的宣传之工具”所代替。今天的句子：Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas-such as free markets and self-reliance-as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectualinvestigation.229How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and onthe skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.昨天句子的解析：Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas-such as free markets and self-reliance-as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.今天的句子可以这样来理解：Professors routinely treat A as B (认为A是B)while但是Professors portray C as D （认为C是D）A= the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policyB= the proper subject of study= the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas-such as free markets and self-reliance= falling outside the boundaries of routineintellectual investigation,and sometimes falling outside the boundaries of legitimateintellectual investigation.（并列我把并列成分给补全了！）参考译文：今天的教授们通常会把对于历史的进步的解读已经渐进的公共政策作为恰当的研究对象；而认为保守的或者是经典的自由主义，比如自由市场或者自我的依赖，是在常规的知识探究范畴之外东西，有时甚至认为其是在正当的知识探究范畴外的东西。230“In short”，a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”昨天句子的解析：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.词汇突破：be validated by 为所证实 depends upon 取决于 reliability 可靠性 appropriateness 适应性 interpreted 解释句子结构：A depends upon B and on C A取决于 B和C； A= How well the predictions will be validated by later performance这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实 B= the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used 所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性 C= wisdom with which it is interpreted. 解释这些信息的技能和才智参考译文 ：这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。前天的句子，有人来追问falling 为什么不翻译？同学你这样问我，就相当于我说：How old are you ? 翻译为：你多大了？老师你怎么不翻译how？好嘛，我要是翻译为：怎么老是你。你是不是感觉很通顺呢？同学是这样的：falling outside the boundaries of : 连在一起表示：在的边界（范畴）之外接着出现了一个并列：routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.这个结构是这样的：Routine intellectual investigation常规的知识探究legitimate intellectual investigation合理的知识探究在这里就是表示一个递进，表示现在的教授特别看不上conservative or classical liberal ideas，认为这些观点是在常规的知识探究范畴以外的东西，甚至有时认为其是在合理的知识探索范畴之外的东西。我觉得我很体贴了吧！（同学们，要提问之前可以听一下我的语音，我在语音中解释的很清楚。）我们的认知资源都是有限的，你不经思考的一问，我一当真，彼此的时间就没有得到最大化的利用，且问且珍惜哦！Falling out of the Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas-such as free markets and self-reliance-as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.真的很体贴！231来自何凯文考研英语大西洋月刊是美国最受尊敬的杂志之一，一本有关文学、政治、科学与艺术的杂志，第一期出版于1857年11月。大西洋月刊坚持无党派、无偏见原则，对于任何事物采取一种超然、充满智力性、幽默的、有艺术感的态度。它拒绝将自己置于任何派系中，但它将永远会与拥戴自由、国家进步、荣誉这种信念的人在一起。华盛顿邮报7日曝光一段共和党候选人特朗普11年前大谈如何引诱女人上床的视频，用辞粗鄙下流。大西洋月刊就给出了这样的一些文章。今天的句子：Mr. Pence said in a statement that he was “offended by the words and actions described by Donald Trump” in the video, and cast Mr. Trumps second debate with Hillary Clinton, on Sunday, as an urgent moment to turn around the campaign.还有一篇文章的标题：With a midnight statement, the Republican presidential nominee said he was not “a perfect person” but insisted that his opponent and her husband had done even worse.昨天句子的解析：“In short”，a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”词汇突破：1.a leader of the new school contends 一个新的学派的领军人物认为 2. as we call it 我们所谓的 3. in innumerable directions 往无数的方向 4. instruments 工具主干识别：the scientific revolution was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments 科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用其他成分: that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions参考译文：新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及。232A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “arefreshing air.” Hills pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They dont make countryside any more， and every year concreteconsumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are nowbeing_Agradually destroyed.Beffectively reinforced.Clargely overshadowed.Dproperly protected.昨天的句子：Mr. Pence said in a statement that he was “offended by the words and actions described by Donald Trump” in the video, and cast Mr. Trumps second debate with Hillary Clinton, on Sunday, as an urgent moment to turn around the campaign.1.Cast A as B 认为A是B2.Turn around 扭转参考译文：彭斯先生在一个声明中说道，视频中的唐纳德.特朗普的言语和行为让他感到非常不适，并且认为周日特朗普同希拉里的第二场辩论是扳回选战的关键时刻。233美国选举中选票有两种：选民票：每一个在美国居住了6个月以上的美国公民都有权利投出的选票。选举人票：根据人口比例每州有一定的选举人数量。比如：加利福尼亚州达55张，德克萨斯州38张，纽约州29张，而阿拉斯加、特拉华和怀俄明等每州只有3张；总共538张票；获得选举人票多数的候选人当选美国总统；两党候选人在各州拉选票，获选民票多的一方获得该州的全部选举人票；这叫赢者通吃；这就是选举人票制度；这是美国特有的制度。优点：以州为选举单位。这个多数，不是全国范围的多数，而是每一个州的选民多数，这样更能保护小州的权益。这种制度迫使总统候选人不能只看重几个大州，而是看重每一个州，在每一个州获得多数选票。缺点：可能出现候选人虽然拿到全国多数选民票数却仍落选的情况，与民主政治的基本原则有所背离。今天的题目：The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shipp