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缸头两面钻孔专机设计【5张CAD图纸+毕业答辩论文】

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关键词：: 两面钻孔专机设计全套 cad 图纸毕业答辩论文

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摘要

本课题是研究一台对缸头进行加工的两面精镗组合机床，主要是对组合机床的总体结构、夹具和多轴箱的设计。首先概括了组合机床的发展，阐述了组合机床的低成本、高效率、操作使用简单等优点。然后是机床夹具的设计，采用“一面两销”的定位方式，使定位更准确；通过误差分析，夹紧力计算等确定夹具的总体结构。其次是对组合机床的设计，关键是工艺方案的拟定，这大体决定组合机床的配置形式和使用性能，然后编制“三图一卡”。最后是多轴箱的设计，通过工件的尺寸和加工孔的位置计算出主轴箱的轮廓尺寸；根据扭矩的计算得出主轴和传动轴的直径；通过类比法确定齿轮的模数；通过“计算、作图和多次试凑”确定齿轮齿数和中间传动轴的位置。在总体设计过程中，首先通过计算所需功率选择动力箱，然后根据主轴的分布情况选用多轴箱；之后根据动力箱和加工行程图来选择液压滑台，再由液压滑台选用配套的多轴箱；再配合装料高度、滑台、侧底座相互位置等来确定中间底座的高度和长度。

关键词：组合机床；精镗；缸头；多轴箱

Abstract

This topic is the study of a station on both sides of the cylinder head for processing fine boring combination machine, mainly on the overall structure of machine tool, fixtures, and multi-axle design. Firstly, this paper outlines the development of combined machine, explians its feature is low-cost, high efficiency, and with simple operation etc... Then tells the machine tool fixture design, the use of "locating a surface with two pins" positioning ways to make more accurate positioning; through error analysis, fixture clamping force calculation to determine the overall structure. Secondly, the design is a combination machine, the key is the program development process, which largely determines the form of combination machine configuration and performance, and the preparation of "the three charts card". Finally, the research is about multi-axle design, size and processing through the workpiece hole position calculated headstock outline dimensions; calculated according to the torque shaft and shaft diameter; determined by analogy gear modulus; through the "Calculation , mapping and repeated trial and error "OK gear and intermediate shaft position. In the overall design process, first select the required power by calculating the power box, and then choose the distribution of multi-spindle axle; after power box and processed according to the choice of hydraulic travel diagram slide, and then the hydraulic multi-slide supporting optional axle; together with loading height, slide, side stand each other to determine the location of the middle of the base of the height and length.

Key words: Aombination machine; Boring; Cylinder head; Multi-spindle box

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录IV

1 绪论1

1.1本课题的研究内容和意义1

1.2国内外的发展概况1

1.3本课题应达到的要求1

2 设计方案的确定2

2.1工件的大小、形状和加工部分的特点2

2.2生产率的影响2

2.3经济性与可靠性2

3专用夹具的设计3

3.1夹具的功用与组成3

3.2夹具的设计3

3.2.1调研分析3

3.2.2确定工件定位方式3

3.2.3确定工件加紧方式4

3.2.4必要的加工精度计算及分析4

3.2.5夹紧力计算、分析4

4 组合机床总体设计6

4.1组合机床的组成6

4.1.1组合机床的特点6

4.1.2组合机床的工艺范围6

4.1.3组合机床配置型式6

4.1.4组合机床的设计步骤7

4.2组合机床工艺方案的确定7

4.2.1组合机床工艺方案的基本原则7

4.2.2确定组合机床工艺方案应注意的问题7

4.2.3工艺方案的拟订8

4.2.4工序间余量的确定8

4.2.5刀具结构的选择9

4.3切削用量的确定9

4.3.1组合机床切削用量选择的特点、方法及注意问题9

4.3.2组合机床切削用量选择方法及应注意的问题9

4.3.3确定切削速度和切削用量9

4.3.4切削力、切削转矩、切削功率10

4.3.5确定主轴类型、尺寸、外伸长度10

4.3.6动力部件工作循环及行程的确定11

4.4组合机床总体设计——“三图一卡”11

4.4.1被加工零件工序图11

4.4.2绘制加工零件工序图12

4.4.3加工示意图13

4.4.4机床联系尺寸图16

5 组合机床多轴箱的设计22

5.1多轴箱的基本结构及表达式22

5.1.1 多轴箱的组成22

5.1.2 多轴箱总图绘制方法特点22

5.2通用多轴箱设计22

5.2.1 绘制多轴箱设计原始依据图22

5.2.2 主轴、齿轮的确定及动力计算23

5.2.3 多轴箱传动设计25

5.2.4 绘制多轴箱总图及零件图28

6 结论与展望30

6.1结论30

6.2不足之处及未来展望30

致谢31

参考文献32

附录33

1 绪论

毕业设计是我们结束大学生涯一个重要的部分，检验一个学生的综合能力的重要举措，是我们在校期间专业考核的重要环节。通过系统的运用基础知识、基本技能以及设计能力、逻辑分析能力调查研究、查阅文献、收集资料、撰写论文等各方面能力进行的综合设计的过程，使我们重温了大学所学习的大部分内容，将所学习的理论知识和现实设计生产做了初步尝试性的结合。

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内容简介：: 英文原文 Cylinder block machining process design Engine parts in the engine block is a more complex structure of spare parts box, its high precision, processing, complex process, and the processing quality will affect the overall performance engine, so it has become the engine manufacturers focus parts one. 1. Technical Characteristics of the engine cylinder block Engine block is the basic engine parts and skeleton, while the engine when the general assembly of the base components. Cylinders role is supporting and ensuring the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft and other moving parts work, the exact location; to ensure the engine ventilation, cooling and lubrication; to provide a variety of auxiliary systems, components and engine installation. 1.1 Technical Characteristics Cylinder cast for a whole structure, and its upper part 4 cylinder mounting hole; cylinder standard cylinder is divided into upper and lower divisions into two parts; cylinder to the rear of the front-side arrangement of the previous three coaxial mounting hole of the camshaft and the idler axle hole. Cylinder process features are: the structure of complex shape; processing plane, more than holes; uneven wall thickness and stiffness is low; processing of high precision typical of box-type processing part. The main processing of the surface of cylinder block top surface, the main bearing side, cylinder bore, the main and camshaft bearing bore holes and so on, they will directly affect the machining accuracy of the engine assembly precision and performance, mainly rely on precision equipment, industrial fixtures reliability and processing technology to ensure the reasonableness. 2. Engine block process design principles and the basis for Technology program is the preparation of the master process is to process planning and key process equipment design guidance documents. The correct process of program design, facilitate the systematic application of new scientific and technological achievements and advanced production experience, to ensure product quality, improve working conditions, and improve process technology and process management level. 2.1 Process design principles Design Technology program should be to ensure product quality at the same time, give full consideration to the production cycle, cost and environmental protection; based on the enterprises ability to actively adopt advanced process technology and equipment, and constantly enhance their level of technology. Engine block machining process design should follow the following basic principles: nts(1) The selection of processing equipment, processing equipment, the principle of selection adopted the principle of combining rigid-flexible, processing each horizontal machining center is located mainly small operations with vertical machining center, the key process a crank hole, cylinder hole, balancer shaft hole High-speed processing of high-precision horizontal machining center, an upper and lower non-critical processes before and after the four-dimensional high-efficiency rough milling and have a certain adjustment range of special machine processing; (2) focus on a key process in principle process the body cylinder bore, crankshaft hole, Balance Shaft hole surface finishing and the combination of precision milling cylinder head, using a process focused on a setup program to complete all processing elements in order to ensure product accuracy The key quality processes to meet the cylinder capacity and the relevant technical requirements; (3) All fixtures are used hydraulic clamp, clamping components, hydraulic pumps and hydraulic control components used in Germany or the United States producing high quality and reliable components; (4) The whole line used in all wet processing, using standalone BTA, high-precision machining processes critical horizontal machining center with constant cooling and to install high-precision high-voltage double-circuit band-pass fine filtration system, all with high-pressure processing center in the cold. According to the technological characteristics of automobile engine cylinder block and the production mandate, the engine block machining automatic production line is composed of horizontal machining center CWK500 and CWK500D machining centers, special milling / boring machine, vertical machining centers matec-30L and other appliances. (1) top and bottom, and tile covered only the combination of aperture rough milling machine dedicated to this machine to double-sided horizontal milling machine, using moving table driven parts, machine tools imported Siemens S7-200PLC system control, machine control cabinet set up an independent, cutting automate the process is completed and two kinds of automatic and adjust the state; (2) high-speed horizontal machining center machining center can be realized CWK500 the maximum flow of wet processing, but because of equipment, automatic BTA treatment system through the built-in tray under the wide-type chip conveyor and the completion of the machining center can be dry processing; machine tool spindle speed 6000r/min, rapid feeding speed 38m/min; (3) The combination of front and rear face rough milling machine tool using hydraulic transmission; control system imported Siemens S7-200PLC system control, machine tools have a certain flexibility; (4) The special machine TXK1500 this machine vertical machining center by the modification of shape, with vertical machining center features and performance, this machine has ntshigh strength, high wear-resistant, high stability, high accuracy, high-profile etc.; (5) high-speed vertical machining center matec-30L of the machining center spindle high speed 9000r/min. Control system uses Siemens SINUMERIK840D control system; (6) high-speed horizontal machining center spindle CWK500D highest speed 15000r/min. 2.2 Process design basis Affect the engine block part of the process design factors are manifold. Specifically, can be understood from the following aspects. (1) product object, product drawings and technical documents related to the complexity of the engine block under the precision requirements of the process to take corresponding measures. Production targets for the four-cylinder automobile engine cylinder block; (2) the production program, the production of the nature and type of production of the engine block the production program of 400 million; (3) The annual effective system of work equipment, working for 320 days, with an average equipment loading rate of 80%, two shifts, 16 hours / day. 3. Engine block machining process design the main content Engine block complex structure, high precision, large size, is thin-walled parts, there are a number of high precision plane and holes. Engine block machining process characteristics: mainly flat and the hole processing, processing of flat generally use planing, milling methods such as processing, processing of hole used mainly boring, processing and multi-purpose drilling holes. As the cylinder complex structure, so how to ensure that the mutual position of the surface processing precision is an important issue. 3.1 The selection of blank Engine block on the materials used are generally gray cast iron HT150, HT200, HT250, there is also cast aluminum or steel plate, this engine block using high-strength alloy cast iron. Cylinder in the processing prior to aging treatment in order to eliminate stress and improve the rough casting mechanical properties. Improve the rough accuracy, reduction of machining allowance, is to improve the automated production line system productivity and processing quality of the important measures. As the foreign box-type parts of rough quality and high precision, and its production-line system has been implemented directly on the blank line, not only eliminating the need for blank check device also saves the rough quality problems due to waste of machining time, increase overall efficiency. Therefore, the refinement of rough is to improve the productivity of the most promising way out. For the engine block production line, can be rough in parts on-line pre-milling six face, removing most of the margin, to facilitate direct on-line parts. 3.2 machining process selection and processing of the benchmark Choose the right processing technology base is directly related to the processing quality can ensure the parts. Generally speaking, process benchmarking can be divided into coarse and fine ntsreference base. (1) The baseline for the on-line thick rough, which is particularly important the choice of benchmark crude, if crude benchmark choice unreasonable, will the uneven distribution of machining allowance, processing and surface offsets, resulting in waste. In the cylinder production line, we have adopted for the coarse side of the base; (2) refined the base of this box for the engine block parts, the general use of “side two sales” for a full range of uniform benchmarks. For the longer automated production line system, due to pin holes in the course of the wear and tear caused by inaccurate positioning, therefore, will be divided into 2-3 segment pin holes used. In the cylinder pin hole of the process, we have adopted to the side, bottom and the spindle hole positioning, in the processing center on the process. 3.3 Machining Processing Stages and processes of the arrangements Often a part of many apparent need for processing, of course, the surface machining accuracy are different. Processing of high precision surface, often after repeated processing; As for the processing of the surface of low precision, only need to go through one or two on the list. Thus, when the development process in order to seize the “processing high precision surface,”this conflict, the reasonable arrangement processes and rational division stage of processing. Arrange the order of the principle of process is: after the first coarse refined, the first surface after the hole, the first benchmark other. In the engine block machining, the same should follow this principle. (1) roughing stage engine block machining process, the arrangements for roughing process, to fully carry out rough rough, trim most of the margin in order to ensure production efficiency; (2) semi-finishing phase of the engine block machining, in order to ensure the accuracy of some important surface processing, and arrange some semi-finishing operations, will be required accuracy and surface roughness of the surface of the middle of some processing to complete, while demanding the surface of semi-finished, to prepare for future finishing; (3) The finishing stage of requiring high accuracy and surface roughness of the surface processing; (4) secondary processing, such as small surface screw holes, you can finish of the major surface after the one hand, when the workpiece deformation process little impact at the same time also reduced the rejection rate; In addition, if the main surface of a waste, these small the surface will not have to be processed, thus avoiding a waste of man-hours. However, if the processing is very easy for a small surface bumps the main surface, it should be placed on a small surface finish prior to the main surface finishing; (5) should make proper arrangements for secondary processes such as product inspection process, in part roughing stage, the key process before and after processing, spare parts all the processing has been completed, should be appropriate arrangements. Stage of processing division, has the following advantages: First, it can take measures to eliminate the rough workpiece after the stress, to ensure accuracy; second, finishing on the back, ntsand will not damage during transport the surface of the workpiece has been processed; again, first roughing the surface defects can be detected early and promptly deal with rough, do not waste working hours. But most small parts, do not sub very thin. 3.4 cylinder surface of the main processing and secondary processes Cylinder surface and support the main processing operations are: (1) plane processing At present, the milling of engine blocks is the primary means of planar processing, domestic milling feed rate is generally 300-400mm/min, and foreign 2000-4000mm/min milling feed rate compared to far cry, to be on increasing, therefore, improve the milling feed rate, reduce overhead time is to improve the productivity of the major means of finishing a number of plane engine block when the milling feed rate to reach 2399 mm / min, greatly improved efficiency; Top surface of the cylinder milling is a key process in the process, the flatness requirements for 0.02/145mm, the surface roughness of Ra1.6um. Processing in the cylinder, the use of side and spindle bearing bore positioning, top, bottom and middle vagay only aperture while processing used in the processing line outside of the knife device can better meet the engine block machining accuracy ; (2) General holes machining holes in general are still using the traditional processing of drilling, expansion, boring, reaming, tapping and other craft approach. Issues in the design process of specific programs, use of coated cutting tools, cutting tools and other advanced tools within the cooling, and using a large flow of cooling systems, greatly improving the cutting speed, improved productivity; (3) deep hole processing of the traditional processing method is used to grade twist drill feed, low efficiency of their production, processing and quality is poor. The deep hole in the engine block processing, the use of gun drilling process; (4) The three-axis machining holes for the cylinder-axis machining holes holes of high precision, long working hours of the restrictive process. Thus, work arrangements, processing methods, tools and so on should be special attention. All cover pre-processing, that is, semi-circular hole and the cylinder block main bearing cap of the shortage of processing, its main purpose is to remove blank margin, release stress, to prepare for the post-order processing; in crankshaft machining processing center hole, using double-sided Boring, boring the first holes in the crankshaft hole at one end to 1 / 2 length, and then turn 180 degrees workbench, from the other end and then bore another 1 / 2 length. (5) The cylinder bore machining cylinder hole cylinder machining processing is a key process in the one, under normal circumstances, the machining process as a rough boring, semi-fine boring, precision boring and honing. Cylinder bore wall for the early detection of casting defects, eliminate stress, should be thick cylinder boring holes in advance; due to the structural characteristics of the different cylinder bore, must be in honing process to improve the ntscylinder bore surface quality. In the high-volume production, the cylinder bore honing generally use the multi-axis grinding machine or honing Automatic Line. Here we use honing automatic lines, from the coarse-heng. Fine-heng and testing equipment, composed of three; (6) Cleaning Cleaning is divided into wet cleaning and dry cleaning. Machining cylinder automatic production line using a large flow of wet cleaning; (7) Detect points outside the line detection and line detection of two kinds. Quality inspection in the engine block, according to the actual situation with lines outside the detection, the main use of coordinate measuring machine integrated measurements of the cylinder, each 200 samples 1-5 pieces, each class random one. 3.5 cylinder processing the choice of cutting parameters Engine block choice of cutting parameters including cutting speed, feed rate and feed rate option. As the processing equipment is used in high precision and rigidity of machine tools and high-speed machining centers in order to ensure the efficiency of cutting may be the appropriate choice of cutting a larger amount. The main processing engine block surface plane and bearing bore, cylinder bore holes such as the processing, while the plane and bearing bore, cylinder bore of the processing method is mainly milling and boring, so the discussion here, the choice of cutting parameters are mainly milling and Boring choice of cutting parameters. (1) milling the choice of the amount of usage the choice of milling milling effect is directly related to good or bad. Generally speaking, the choice of dosage milling principles: Face milling cutter should be as much as possible when you first take a larger milling depth and width of milling, a

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