第2次topic- plastic surgery.doc

Singers death triggers plastic surgery safety concernsIn 2005, Super Girl, a TV talent show in China, turned college student Li Yuchun into a nationwide celebrity, but few could remember another contestant Wang Bei until recently, when she died during plastic surgery.Health authorities confirmed that Wang, 24, died on Nov. 15 due to complications from anesthetic during plastic surgery in Wuhan, capital of central Chinas Hubei Province.Postings about Wangs death drew extensiveattention from the public, triggering safety concerns about the rising plastic surgery business.Late 2005 Super Girl contestant Wang BeiThe investigation results should be made public without delay, says the Ministry of Health on Saturday, calling on local health authorities to step up supervision over the medical cosmetology industry.Shes so pretty, why bother having surgery? asked a netizen named short life at the website .Most netizens expressed their sympathies online, but questioned her decision in the first place.The demand for plastic surgery is surging in China, as many young people believe cosmetic surgery will earn them a better position in pursuing a job or a romantic relationship（1）. In an extreme case, a 30-year-old woman had received over 30 plastic surgery treatments in the past ten years, according to a doctor in a plastic surgery hospital in Wuhan, who refused reveal his name.Beauty gives me confidence, said 27-year-old Tang Yun, who underwent an operation to shave her jawbones a year ago in east Chinas Jiangsu Province. If makeup helps girls be pretty, why not try plastic surgery?Ms. Shen, who has undergone more than six cosmetic operations over the past five years, including eyelid tucks, liposuction and a nose job, said it was a kind of addiction. I was stimulated by a great feeling the first time, Ive never been more confident, said Shen.Although her friends thought her pretty enough, she still could not help going for more treatments until doctors declined to treat her. They told me to turn to psychologists instead of surgery doctors, she said. I think they were right.BOOMING PLASTIC SURGERY BUSINESSA face with eyelid tucks, a Roman nose and a pointed jaw, is usually considered beautiful by young Chinese, and some of those who are not born with these features will turn to plastic surgeries.We have, on average, 30 to 50 patients undergoing plastic surgery every day, and most of them for eyelid and nose jobs, said Li Binbin, a doctor at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Plastic Surgery Hospital in Beijings Shijingshan District.According to Li, an eyelid and nose job costs 2,000 yuan (300 U.S. dollars) to 3,000 yuan per operation while jawbone-grinding surgery, which is much more complicated and comes with greater risks, could cost up to 50,000 yuan.The huge profit has prompted a number of hospitals and beauty salons to provide plastic surgery services, although some are not qualified（2）. At least 2,000 hospitals and beauty salons offer cosmetic surgery, and even a hair salon can do eyelid tucks for 300 yuan, said Li.PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMSRumors said Wang Bei received six plastic surgery operations altogether, which psychologists believed to be the result of a serious mental disturbance.Being anxious, people nowadays are trying to seek a quicker way to succeed, and they believe plastic surgery is one of the most convenient ways said Dr. Xu Kaiwen with the psychological counseling center at Peking University.Its actually self-denial. Most of them do not recognize themselves and need psychological help, Xu said.They chose to have surgery, hoping to ease their anxiety. But what a surgery could change is just the appearance, rather than the attitude towards life, work and friends.They need more psychological therapy than plastic surgery, he said.celebrity (名人) plastic surgery（整容手术）anesthetic（麻醉剂） extensive（广泛的）medical cosmetology industry（医学整容业）netizen（网民） eyelid tucks（双眼皮）liposuction（抽脂） addiction（上瘾）psychologist（心理学家）due to = because of eg. The boss fired him due to his careless work.Why bother doing sth? 何苦干某事？ eg. Why bother collecting them since you will throw them away later?on average 平均 eg. We received 20 calls a day on average. （1）目前中国对整容手术的需求日增，因为很多年青人认为整容能给他们在求职和求偶过程中带来更大的优势。（2）巨额的利润驱使众多医院和美容沙龙提供整容服务，尽管其中有些并不具备这一资质。Questions:1. What is plastic surgery?2. What do you think of plastic surgery?Should cosmetic surgery be banned?When you hear of cosmetic surgery, what do you think of? A Hollywood star trying to delay the effects of aging? People who want to change the size of their stomachs, breasts, or other body parts because they see it done so easily on TV?“Cosmetic surgery” (also known as “plastic surgery”) is surgery that is unnecessary from a medical perspective, but is carried out to improve appearance. Cosmetic surgery is an ancient practice. In the 8th century BC, the Indian surgeon Sushruta Samhita described what is known today as rhinoplasty (surgery to the nose) and otoplasty (to the ear). Body alteration more generally has been carried out by all peoples, from tribal tattoos to the neck-extending Kayans of Thailand.（Kayans of Thailand）But modern medicine has made the possibilities of cosmetic surgery far more extensive. Anaesthesia has made procedures less unpleasant and less dangerous. In the aftermath of each of the two World Wars, cosmetic surgery leapt forwards as the demand for reconstructive surgery created skills and techniques that could be as easily applied to (perceived) improvements to image as to medical necessity（1）. Consequently, cosmetic surgery has become increasingly popular. In 1948, fewer than 300 board-certified plastic surgeons were in practice in the USA; today the number is more than 4,000. In 2004 12 million cosmetic operations were conducted in the USA alone. Where America has led, much of the world has followed. Television shows and newspaper supplements are now devoted to cosmetic surgery and makeover programmes advocate it.Today more and more parts of the body can be “improved.” Once the possibilities for surgery were relatively restricted, now almost anything can be the subject of cosmetic surgery（2）. To name but a few, common operations include abdominoplasty (a “tummy tuck” or reshaping/firming of the abdomen), blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery), buttock implants/reductions, chemical “peels” (removal of acne scars and sagging skin), chin and cheek augmentation, lipectomy (or liposuction removal of fat from the body), and rhytidectomy (a“face lift”) Among the most popular procedures are the otoplasty and rhinoplasty mentioned earlier, and finally and most commonly, surgery for the breasts: both mammaplasty (breast enlargement/reduction) and mastoplexy (“breast lift”) collectively known as “boob jobs.” This article considers only cosmetic surgery carried out purely to improve appearance, and does not address plastic surgery for medical reasons, fo