现在完成时讲解即练习.doc

现在完成时用法及综合练习 姓名 一 .现在完成时的完成用法 现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如： He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况：灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ，this month ，this year.，today等)连用。 例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 二现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调的是过去的动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是现在的影响。 例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调：是昨天看的）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响：电影的内容已经知道了） She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。（She is here.）She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调：动作发生的时间在过去）I have lost my pen.(强调：我现在没有笔)I lost my pen.(过去笔掉了，没说明现在是否有笔)2.现在完成时不可和表过去的时间状语连用(before,just等除外)，但一般过去时可与表过去的时间状语，如yesterday,last week,three days ago,just now等连用。如：A：Hello,Kate!Have you had supper? B：Yes,I have.A：When did you have it? （When是一个不确定的过去时间）练习：用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.” “When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?” “Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .” “Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.” “When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.” (1)三现在完成时的未完成用法 现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的时间状语(由how long, since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：these days，up to now，so far)等。例如：1.He has lived here since 1978. (动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 2. I have taught here for 21 years.（表示二十一年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）3.She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。四Since 和 for 的用法1.since+过去的时间点 如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。2.for+一段时间（数词+量词） 如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。*此类划线部分用how long提问 练习：1) I have been there for two days. _ _ _ you _ _ ?2)My father has lived here since 2000. _ _ _ your father _ _?3)He left here yesterday. _ _ he _ _?4)They bought a book two hours ago. _ _ they _ a book?练习：用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago3) _ last month 4) _ 19995) _ yesterday6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours8) _ an hour ago 9) _ lunch time1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.五现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词（即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词）。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等瞬间动词要转换成延续性动词。具体如下：join - be a member of buy - have fall ill - be ill die -be dead catch a cold -have a cold borrow - keep come - be here come back - be back come to China - be in China begin - be on come to work here - work here begin to study here - study leave - be away （from）leave here - be away from here go to bed - be asleep become a worker - be a worker (2)练习：arrive at/in sw, get to/reach sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm come/go/move to sw.be sw 1)He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2)I moved to the USA last year. I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3)I went home yesterday. I _ _ _ home for _ _.4)They came here last week. They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1)He came out two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _.2)We returned to Fuzhou yesterday. We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1)I became a teacher in 2000. I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2)The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1)The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2)The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be dead leave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be married1)I got up two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _.2)He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3)My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4)The meeting finished at six. The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5)I got to sleep two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _.6)They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on1)I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not havebuy have put on wearcatch/get a cold have a coldget to know know1)They borrowed it last week. They _ _ it since _ _.2)I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _.3)I got to know him last year. I _ _ him since _ _.4)I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have gone to have been in1)He has gone to Beijing. He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the League/the Party/the army be a league member /a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1)He joined the League two years ago.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army in 2006.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for_ _.六have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法一）have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm/ abroad二）have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，可与just, ever, never等连用。如：1.I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。2.Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。3.Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：1.I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。2.They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。三）have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。只能用于第三人称。例如：1.-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。2.Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。 (4)练习： 姓名 I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there? B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back right now.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once. II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) John _England since he came back.3) How long _you _this village? 4) The Smiths_Beijing for years.5) _you ever_America? - Yes, I _ there many times. 6) I _this school since three years ago.7) When_he _? He _ an hour ago.8) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _there before.9) Where _you _ just now? - I _ the zoo.10) He often_ swimming. 11) _ you _ there last year?12) _ they often _skating in winter? 现在完成时综合练习一用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.” (5)二用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _ (read)