扬子江GRE填空义(部分).doc

2009年GRE填空讲义主讲： 杨子江一、GRE填空简介GRE不是语言考试，所以GRE不考语法；GRE不是专业化考试，所以GRE不考专业知识1、ETS的GRE句子填空出题原则（1）公平：不涉及专业知识背景（2）重复：重复是信息逻辑的再现2、GRE 句子填空的突破点 解题的线索来自于句子本身，句子只能是现象态度观点 的表述 3、GRE句子填空简介因为句子只能是现象态度观点的表述，所以句子中容易形成AB比较，容易出现明显的事件人物的特征，句子的主干容易表明主体的评价4、GRE句子填空的事件人物特征明显性，是有限条件的逻辑推理评论家特征，音乐家特征，科学家特征，法律特征，个人特征 5、GRE句子填空题目分类：反义重复: 对立(时间), 转折同义重复: 同义解释, 并列递进, 目的手段因果重复的表现方式：词对词（上下义词）；词对句（广义概念）6、破解方法复杂问题简单化 简化单词记忆 词根词缀；简化句子 主谓宾结构 7、填空课程的目的（1）英文能力的提高（2）逻辑性思维的提高（3）批判性思维的提高8、举例同义重复中文举例：（1）白大夫，白白白，就是让你_ 。 A 姹紫嫣红 B 暗送秋波 C 黑白无常 D 碧波荡漾 E 白 （2）聪明的一休是一个_ 小和尚，他在_ 时候就表现出比他大很多的成年人都不能企及的智慧状态。 A 愚蠢的 老眼昏花的 B 弱智的 幼儿的 C 机灵的 老年的 D 有智慧的 童年的 E 可爱的 小的 反义重复中文举例：（1）虽然黑夜缩小了他们的活动范围，但却使悲戚伤怀成倍的得到了_ 。 A 变化 B 忧郁 C 消失 D 扩大 E 均等 （2）他好出风头，恨不得自己成为每一场婚礼的新郎和_。GRE填空考察考生的快速逻辑能力，GRE填空的重点在于多种解题思路下，快速的判断出正确的答案，因为社会需要效率型人才和稳定型人才9、如何同时提高效率和正确率填空部分学习前的水平：四级水平7对2-3，六级水平7对3-4考前一个月的水平：7对5-6二、填空题解题方法反义对立特征词far from, rather than；not but, more than；seemingly, on the other hand ；in fact, actually, in reality paradoxically, ironically；surprisingly, comparatively；unexpectedly, curiously；in contrast to, on the contrary ；so muchas, decay from A to B；shift fromto, replacewith；distingishfrom,reconcilewith；preferableto, endorse A over Bfar from A, B: 远非A, 而是B，对立两方面中选择其一1. Many artists believe that successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of _, is the first step in learning to be creative.(A) elegance(B) evil(C) genius(D) originality(E) sympathy2. Far from being _, Susan was always _ to appear acquiescent.(A) unctuous.loath(B) brazen.reluctant(C) ignoble.enthusiasm(D) obsequious.eager(E) gregarious.willing3. Ultimately, the issues credibility is strained; the slender, though far from _, web of evidence presented on one salient point is expected to support a vast _ of implications.(A) unconvincing.cacophony(B) nonexistent.superstructure(C) indispensable.array(D) work(E) pendiumB, far from A；A rather than B : 而非:是A而不是B (肯定A)，对立两方面中选择其一4. As late as nineteen century a speaker assured his audience that since profitable farming was the result of natural ability rather than _, an education in agriculture was _.(A) luck.senseless(B) effort.difficult(C) learning.useless(D) ellectual(E) science.vital5. Although the young trumpeters _ performance with the orchestra demonstrated his technical competence, his uninspired style and lack of interpretive maturity labeled him as a novice musician rather than as a truly _ performer.(A) spectacular.conventional(B) blundering.artistic(C) marginal.inept(D) steady.accomplished(E) dazzling.unskilled音乐家特征: 优秀对平庸 表优秀的特征词汇: talent ； inspire；brilliant；maturity；accomplish表平庸的特征词汇: Mediocrity；derivative；perfunctory ；uninspire；novice；unskill6In retrospect, Petersons students appreciated his_ assignments, realizing that such assignments were specifically designed to _ original thought rather than to review the content of his course.(A) conventional.explain(B) didactic.ingrain(C) intimidating.thwart(D) enigmatic.stimulate(E) difficult.discourage7. Because time in India is conceived statically rather than dynamically, Indian languages emphasize nouns rather than verbs, since nouns express the more _ aspects of a thing.(A) paradoxical(B) stable(C) conventional(D) temporal(E) irionic8. As the creation of new knowledge through chemistry has become _ resistance to innovation has become less _, taking the form of inertia rather than direct attack.(A) controversial .sporadic(B) suspect .onset(C) essential .effective(D) public .circumspect(E) institutionalized .aggressiveparadoxical :矛盾的, 似非而是的，对立两面选择其一9. Paradoxically, Englands colonization of North America was _ by its success: the increasing prosperity of the colonies diminished their dependence upon, and hence their loyalty to, their home country.(A) explicate(B) undermined(C) determined(D) altered(E) distinguished10. According to Lionel Trilling, the paradox of liberalism was that in its quest for freedom it must move toward greater organization, stricter legislation, and increasing .(A) anarchy(B) self-realization(C) stagnation(D) control(E) levity11. Unlike many recent interpretations of Liszts piano sonatas, the recitalists performance was a delightfully free and introspective one; nevertheless, it was also, seemingly paradoxically, quite _.(A) exuberant(B) appealing(C) controlled(D) idiosyncratic(E) uninspired12. Although _ in her own responses to the novels she reviewed, the fiction critic was, paradoxically, _ those who would deny that a reviewer must have a single method of interpretation.(A) dogmatic.impatient with(B) indulgent.indebted by(C) partisan.hostile toward(D) rigued by(E) eclectic.suspicious of13. The concept of timelessness is paradoxical from the start ,for adult consciousness is _ by the awareness of duration.(A) permeated (B) intrigued(C) repelled(D) measured(E) acceleratedseemingly : 表面上的, 貌似，对应于实际上的，对立两面选择其一14. The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly _ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.(A) exploited(B) remarkable(C) controversial(D) inexhaustible(E) quantifiable15. Physical scientists who are on the cutting edge of research must often violate common sense and make seemingly_assumptions because existing theories simply do not _newly observed phenomena.(A) inexact.corroborate(B) vague.incorporate(C) absurd.explain(D) mistaken.reveal(E) radical.confirm in fact : 事实上,实际上，与表面上的事实相反，表对立情况16. In scientific studies, supporting evidence is much more satisfying to report than are discredited hypotheses, but, in fact, the _ of errors is more likely to be _ than is the establishment of probable truth.(A) refinement.conditional(B) correction.ignored(C) detection.useful(D) accumulation.agreeable(E) formulation.permittedactually : 事实上, 实际上*17. Human reaction to the realm of thought is often as strong as that to sensible presences; our higher moral life is based on the fact that _ sensations actually present may have a weaker influence on our action than do ideas of _facts.(A) familiar.symbolic(B) material.remote(C) emotional.impersonal(D) definitive.controversial(E) disturbing.ordinaryA more . than B； more A than B；A more副词/形容词than B : 对A的修饰 A B18. Our young people, whose _ sensitivities have not yet become _, have a purer and more immediate response than we do to our environment.(A) sophisticated.perceptive(B) keen.calloused(C) dull.numbed(D) impartial.disinterested(E) native.excited19. Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austens novels has oscillated between _ and condescension; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary _.(A) approbation.precursors(B) disapproval.readers(C) adoration.contemporaries(D) indifference.followers(E) dismissal.admirers20. Because the report contained much more information than the reviewwes needs to see, the author was asked to submit a _ instead(A) critique(B) soliloquy(C) treatise(D) prerequisite(E) compendiumnot A, but B: 不是A, 而是B. 引导对立比较 21. Artificial light_ the respiratory activity of some microorganisms in the winter but not in the summer, in part because in the summer their respiration is already at its peak and thus cannot be _(A) enhances.increased(B) inhibits.quickened(C) reflects.expanded(D) elevates.measured(E) stimulates.lessened22. In response to the follies of todays parliaments, the councillor does not _ inflamed indignation, but rather _ the detachment and smooth aphoristic prose of an eighteenth-century wit.(A) resort to.spurns(B) rely on.avoids(C) suppress.clings to(D) express.affects(E) display.rails at23. Personnel experts say that attractive benefits alone will not always keep _ executives from changing jobs for better long-range opportunities, but they think the enticements may deter many executives from accepting _ offers from other companies.(A) dedicated.advantageous(B) ambitious.routine(C) unqualified.inferior(D) experienced.superior(E) discontented.preferablecontrary : 相反的24. Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity, science often operates through error, happy accidents, _ and persistence in spite of mistakes.(A) calculations(B) controls(C) hunches(D) deductions(E) facts科学类题目的考点特征: 公正对偏见；独立对依靠；定对变化；杂对简单；同对差异科技类题目的考点特征: 增加对减少25. Contrary to the antiquated idea that the eighteenth century was a _ island of elegant assurance, evidence reveals that life for most people was filled with uncertainty and insecurity.(A) sprawling(B) declining(C) tranquil(D) recognized(E) clannish in contrast to : 相比较26. In contrast to the substantial muscular activity required for inhalation, exhalation is usually a _ process.(A) conscious(B) passive(C) relax(D) complex(E) slow27. The boys _ natures were in sharp contrast to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents.(A) artless(B) blithe(C) phlegmatic(D) introverted(E) mercurial反义转折之时间对比时间对比是反义对立的子集；间相反, 产生对立，即否定过去，来否定现在时间对比特征词: before, once, previous，urrent, now, until ，nitially, recently, early，ormerly, pristine, firstafter, yesterday, begin，tart, origin, often，sually, heretofore, hitherto，o longer, as long asbefore : 之前，与recent，later对立28. Often the difficulties of growing up in the public eye cause child prodigies to _ the world of achievement before reaching adulthood: happily, they sometimes later return to competition and succeed brilliantly.(A) demur(B) conquer(C) retire from(D) antagonize(E) ridicule29. Before adapting to changes in new concept, many prefer to _, to _ the universally agreed-on principles that have been upheld for centuries.(A) revert .ignore(B) resist .defend(C) ponder .subvert(D) vacillate .publicize(E) invert .protectRevert、invert例：1011 01100110 1101 revert0100 1001 invertrecent : 现在，与before, often, early, previous, pristine对立30. A number of critics who once greatly _ the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting _ for their former criticism.(A) honored.adulation(B) influenced.analysis(C) simulated.ambivalence(D) disparaged.approbation(E) lauded.censure批评家类题目的特征：1、表扬对批评；2、支持对反31. Belying his earlier reputation for _ as a negotiator, Charles had recently assumed a more _ stance for which many of his erstwhile critics praised him.(A) bative(B) olerant(C) inflexibility.unreasonable(D) success.authoritative(E) intransigence.conciliatory early : 早期的，与recent对立32. My brothers often found others laughable, but I learned quite early to be _ while people were present, laughing only later at what was funny and mocking what to us seemed_.(A) superficial.deplorable(B) impatient.unfortunate(C) facetious.enviable(D) wistful.extraordinary(E) arreprevious : 早先的，与recent对立33. The harmonious accommodation reached by the warring factions exemplifies the axiom that _ is possible among people of goodwill, even when they have previously held quite _ perspectives.(A) coexistence.fixed(B) tension.congenial(C) agreement.unequivocal(D) compromise.antagonistic(E) candor.indistinguishableinitially : 起初，与once同义, 与after对立34. Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry, even now only a few independent observers _ his works.(A) neglect(B) revile(C) scrutinize(D) criticize(E) praiseuntil : 直到才, 除非，与 “过去” 对立35. A code of ethics governing the behavior of physicians during epidemics did not exist until 1846 when it was _ by the American Medical Association.(A) rescinded(B) promulgated(C) presupposed(D) depreciated(E) implied36. Wearing the latest fashions was exclusively the _ of the wealthy until the 1850s, when mass production, aggressive entrepreneurs, and the availability of the sewing machine made them _ the middle class.(A) aspiration.disagreeable to(B) vexation.superfluous for(C) fitable to(D) prerogative.accessible to(E) obligation.popular with no longer : 不再，与 “过去” 对立37. Calculus, though still indispensable to science and technology, is no longer _ ; it has an equal partner called discrete mathematics.(A) pragmatic(B) pertinent(C) beneficial(D) essential(E) preeminent now : 现在，与 “过去” 对立38. Within the next decade, sophisticated telescopes now orbiting the Earth will determine whether the continents really are moving, _ the incipient _ among geologists about the validity of the theory of continental drift.(A) resolving.rumors(B) forestalling.rift(C) escalating.debates(D) engendering.speculation(E) obviating.consensus弗洛伊德心理学、马克思经济学、达尔文进化论、魏格纳大陆板块漂移学说、二氧化碳与温室效应 39. The idealized paintings of nature produced in the eighteenth century are evidence that the medieval _ natural settings had been _ and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed without trepidation.(A) enthusiasm for.confronted(B) concerns about.regained(C) affection for.surmounted(D) disinterest in.alleviated(E) fear of.exorcised 反义转折特征词: although, though, even though，but, despite, however, unlike， in spite of, nevertheless while, whatever, nonetheless，regardless, without, none，asas, even if, yetalthough : 虽然, 尽管，表转折关系(A)(B)(C)(D)(H)155.1 “The show must go on” is the oldest_of show business; every true performer live by that creed.(A)euphemism (B)allegory (C)precusor (D)tenet (E)corroboration155.3 _by lifes _, the last emperor of China worked as a lowly gardener in the palace over which he had once ruled.(A)Forthfied.generosity (B)Deludedcoincidences (C)Humbledvicissitudes (D)Veneratedsurvivors (H)Recognizedimpostors155.5 A_glance pays_attention to details.(A)furtivemeticulous (B)cursorylittle (C)crypticclose (D)keenscanty (H)fleetingvigilant156.6 A_person is one who will_something on the slinghtest of evidence.(A)restiveforget (B)garrulouscriticize (C)maudlincensure (D)phlegmaticcondemn (H)credulousbelieve156.7 A New World lizard, the basilisk, occasionally does something that seem to _ physics: it tuns across the surface of water for distances of up to thirty feet.(A)defy (B)quantify (C)assess (D)exemplify (H)corroborate156.8 A born tleeer of tales, Olsen used her imoressive_skills to advantage in her story “I Stand Here Ironing.”(A)domestic (B)metaphysical (C)narrative (D)diagnostic (H)argumentative156.10 A diligent scholar, she devoted herself _to the completion of the book. (A)assiduously (B)ingenuously (C)theoretically (D)voluminously (H)sporadically157.13 A leading philosopher of our time, Ludwig Wittgenstein, laid down a _to which good historians _: “Of that of which nothing is known nothing can be said.”(A)burdenprotest (B)lawamend (C)ruleadhere (D)maximsuccumb (H)weaponsurrender158.22 According to the Senator , it was not _for a plitician in search of votes to _a mother on the beauty of her plain child; it was merely sound political common sense.(A)kindnessridicule (B)follyintimidate (C)hypocrisycompliment (D)sensitivityevaluate (H)wisdomreprimand158.23 Achaeologists are involved in _ Mayan temples in Central America, uncovering the ols ruins in order to learn more about the civilization they represent.(A)demolishing (B)incapacitating (C)excavating (D)woeshiping (H)asapting29.5. Although _, almost self-effacing in his private life, he displays in his novels and essays a strong _ publicity and controversy.(A) monotonous.reliance on(B) erest in(C) shy.aversion toward(D) retiring.penchant for(E) evasive.impatience withre+ tire 唯物 引退, 退休 唯心 内向, 沉默寡言 WB* 2 : to withdraw especially for privacy *retired to her room*个人性格的特征：积极对消极（外向对内向） 严肃对幽默肯定对否定：表积极的特征词汇：表消极的特征词汇：表严肃的特征词汇：表幽默的特征词汇：表肯定的特征词汇：表否定的特征词汇：36.5. Jackson had idolized the professor so much for so long that even after lunching with her several times he remained quite _ in her presence and as a result, he could not really be himself.(A) pleased(B) disregarded(C) heartened(D) laxness(E) inhibited34.4 As is often the case with collections of lectures by _ authors, the book as a whole is _, although the individual contributions are outstanding in themselves.(A) different.disconnected(B) incompetent.abysmal(C) famous.systematic(D) mediocre.unexciting(E) various.coherent40.3 Although strong legal remedies for nonpayment of kids support are _, the delay and expense associated with th